المؤلفون: Allen, Emily, Coote, John H, Grubb, Blair D, Batten, Trevor FC, Pauza, Dainius H, Ng, G André, Brack, Kieran E

المصدر: Allen , E , Coote , J H , Grubb , B D , Batten , T FC , Pauza , D H , Ng , G A & Brack , K E 2018 , ' The electrophysiological effects of nicotinic and electrical stimulation of intrinsic cardiac ganglia in the absence of extrinsic autonomic nerves in the rabbit heart ' , Heart Rhythm , vol. 15 , no. 11 , pp. 1698-1707 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.05.018Test

الوصف: Background The intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS) is a rich network of cardiac nerves that converge to form distinct ganglia and extend across the heart and is capable of influencing cardiac function. Objective To provide a picture of the neurotransmitter/neuromodulator profile of the rabbit ICNS and determine the action of spatially divergent ganglia on cardiac electrophysiology. Methods Nicotinic or electrical stimulation was applied at discrete sites of the intrinsic cardiac nerve plexus in the Langendorff perfused rabbit heart. Functional effects on sinus rate and atrioventricular conduction were measured. Immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and/or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was performed on whole-mount preparations. Results Stimulation within all ganglia produced either bradycardia, tachycardia or a biphasic brady-tachycardia. Electrical stimulation of the right atrial (RA) and right neuronal cluster (RNC) regions produced the greatest chronotropic responses. Significant prolongation of atrioventricular conduction (AVC) was predominant at the pulmonary vein-caudal vein region (PVCV). Neurons immunoreactive (IR) only for ChAT, or TH or nNOS were consistently located within the limits of the hilum and at the roots of the right cranial and right pulmonary veins. ChAT-IR neurons were most abundant (1946±668 neurons). Neurons IR solely for nNOS were distributed within ganglia. Conclusion Stimulation of intrinsic ganglia, shown to be of phenotypic complexity but predominantly of cholinergic nature, indicates that clusters of neurons are capable of independent selective effects on cardiac electrophysiology, therefore providing a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiac disease.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.05.018Test
https://research.leedstrinity.ac.uk/en/publications/the-electrophysiological-effects-of-nicotinic-and-electrical-stimulation-of-intrinsic-cardiac-ganglia-in-the-absence-of-extrinsic-autonomic-nerves-in-the-rabbit-heartTest(2bb8e2dc-50ad-45d2-abb0-6e373ae2c64b).html
https://research.leedstrinity.ac.uk/ws/files/528578/Heart_Rhythm_Article.pdfTest
https://research.leedstrinity.ac.uk/ws/files/528580/HeartRhythm_ES_NS_Final_Templete.pdfTest

المؤلفون: White, Anthony, Hills, Samuel P, Cooke, Carlton B, Batten, Trevor FC, Kilduff, Liam P, Cook, Christian J, Roberts, Craig, Russell, Mark

المصدر: White , A , Hills , S P , Cooke , C B , Batten , T FC , Kilduff , L P , Cook , C J , Roberts , C & Russell , M 2018 , ' Match-Play and Performance Test Responses of Soccer Goalkeepers : A Review of Current Literature ' , Sports Medicine , vol. 48 , no. 11 , pp. 2497–2516 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0977-2Test

الوصف: Goalkeepers are typically the last defensive line for soccer teams aiming to minimise goals being conceded, with match rules permitting ball handling within a specific area. Goalkeepers are also involved in initiating some offensive plays, and typically remain in close proximity to the goal line while covering ~ 50% of the match distances of outfield players; hence, the competitive and training demands of goalkeepers are unique to their specialised position. Indeed, solated performance tests differentiate goalkeepers from outfield players in multiple variables. With a view to informing future research, this review summarised currently available literature reporting goalkeeper responses to: (1) match play (movement and skilled/technical demands) and (2) isolated performance assessments (strength, power, speed, aerobic capacity, joint range of motion). Literature searching and screening processes yielded 26 eligible records and highlighted that goalkeepers covered ~ 4–6km on match day whilst spending ~ 98% of time at low-movement intensities. The most decisive moments are the 2–10 saves match-1 performed, which often involve explosive actions (e.g. dives, jumps). Whilst no between-half performance decrements have been observed in professional goalkeepers, possible transient changes over shorter match epochs remain unclear. Isolated performance tests confirm divergent profiles between goalkeepers and outfield players (i.e. superior jump performance, reduced VO2max values, slower sprint times), and the training of soccer goalkeepers is typically completed separately from outfield positions with a focus primarily on technical or explosive drills performed within confined spaces. Additional work is needed to examine the physiological responses to goalkeeper-specific training and match activities to determine the efficacy of current preparatory strategies.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0977-2Test
https://research.leedstrinity.ac.uk/en/publications/matchplay-and-performance-test-responses-of-soccer-goalkeepersTest(283c67c6-09ad-4518-abc3-d4008619000d).html
https://research.leedstrinity.ac.uk/ws/files/548798/WHITE_et_al._2018.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Spary, Emma Jane, Maqbool, Azhar, Drinkhill, Mark J, Batten, Trevor FC

المصدر: The FASEB Journal ; volume 26, issue S1 ; ISSN 0892-6638 1530-6860

الوصف: Estrogen is a modulator of autonomic function and we previously showed differences in estrogen receptor expression in NTS associated with plasma estrogen levels during the estrous cycle in female rats. As promoter sequences for several receptors, receptor associated proteins, enzymes and transporters involved in GABA transmission include potential estrogen response element consensus sites we analyzed levels of mRNA expression by real time PCR in NTS micropunches from control cycling females and 3 week OVX rats. Plasma estradiol levels were measured by ELISA and blood pressures recorded via implanted telemetry probes. For 6 of the GABA‐A subunits analyzed (alpha1; alpha3; beta1; gamma1, gamma3, delta) there were significant reductions in mRNA expression in OVX compared to rats in either the low estrogen (metestrus) or high estrogen (proestrus) phases of the cycle (p<0.05; ANOVA; n = 6). Expression of the GABA‐B receptor B1 subtype showed a highly significant reduction (p<0.01) in OVX, as did the expression levels for GABARAP and GABARAPL1/2. Differences (p<0.05) between the metestrus and OVX expression levels were found for GAD65, GAD67 and vGAT. The data suggest that circulating estrogen acts in NTS to modulate inhibitory GABAergic influences on autonomic reflexes through affecting both the GABA release mechanism and GABA receptor composition.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1091.56Test

المؤلفون: Allen, Emily, Coote, John H, Grubb, Blair D, Batten, Trevor FC, Pauza, Dainius H, Ng, G André, Brack, Kieran E

المصدر: Heart Rhythm
Heart rhythm

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Nicotine, Ganglionic plexus, Myocardium, Heart, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I, Ganglionic Stimulants, Immunohistochemistry, Article, Electric Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Disease Models, Animal, nervous system, Choline acetyltransferase, Heart Conduction System, cardiovascular system, Animals, Intrinsic cardiac ganglia, Tyrosine hydroxylase, Heart Atria, Rabbits, Ganglia, Autonomic, Neuronal nitric oxide synthase

الوصف: BackgroundThe intrinsic cardiac nervous system is a rich network of cardiac nerves that converge to form distinct ganglia and extend across the heart and is capable of influencing cardiac function.ObjectiveThe goals of this study were to provide a complete picture of the neurotransmitter/neuromodulator profile of the rabbit intrinsic cardiac nervous system and to determine the influence of spatially divergent ganglia on cardiac electrophysiology.MethodsNicotinic or electrical stimulation was applied at discrete sites of the intrinsic cardiac nerve plexus in the Langendorff-perfused rabbit heart. Functional effects on sinus rate and atrioventricular conduction were measured. Immunohistochemistry for choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), tyrosine hydroxylase, and/or neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was performed using whole mount preparations.ResultsStimulation within all ganglia produced either bradycardia, tachycardia, or a biphasic brady-tachycardia. Electrical stimulation of the right atrial and right neuronal cluster regions produced the largest chronotropic responses. Significant prolongation of atrioventricular conduction was predominant at the pulmonary vein-caudal vein region. Neurons immunoreactive (IR) only for ChAT, tyrosine hydroxylase, or nNOS were consistently located within the limits of the hilum and at the roots of the right cranial and right pulmonary veins. ChAT-IR neurons were most abundant (1946 ± 668 neurons). Neurons IR only for nNOS were distributed within ganglia.ConclusionStimulation of intrinsic ganglia, shown to be of phenotypic complexity but predominantly of cholinergic nature, indicates that clusters of neurons are capable of independent selective effects on cardiac electrophysiology, therefore providing a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and treatment of cardiac disease.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid_dedup__::afdf841fcc7a6e8099f4c8340b17ee33Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6207532Test

المؤلفون: Khan, Sabah, Yuldasheva, Nadira, Batten, Trevor FC, Pickles, Alasdair, Kellett, Katherine A B, Saha, Sikha

المصدر: Khan , S , Yuldasheva , N , Batten , T FC , Pickles , A , Kellett , K A B & Saha , S 2018 , ' Tau pathology and neurochemical changes associated with memory dysfunction in an optimised murine model of global cerebral ischaemia - a potential model for vascular dementia? ' , Neurochemistry International , vol. 118 , pp. 134-144 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.004Test

مصطلحات موضوعية: Global cerebral ischaemia, Glutamate Transporter, Tau protein, Memory deficit, Vascular dementia, Stroke

الوصف: Cerebral ischemia is known to be a major cause of death and the later development of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. However, ischemia induced cellular damage that initiates these diseases remain poorly understood. This is primarily due to lack of clinically relevant models that are highly reproducible. Here, we have optimised a murine model of global cerebral ischaemia with multiple markers to determine brain pathology, neurochemistry and correlated memory deficits in these animals. Cerebral ischaemia in mice was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Following reperfusion, the mice were either fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde or decapitated under anaesthesia. Brains were processed for Western blotting or immunohistochemistry for glial (GLT1) and vesicular (VGluT1, VGluT2) glutamate transporters and paired helical filament (PHF1) tau. The PHF1 tau is the main component of neurofibrillary tangle, which is the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. The novel object recognition behavioural assay was used to investigate the functional cognitive consequences in these mice. The results show consistent and selective neuronal and glial cell changes in the hippocampus and the cortex together with a significant reduction in GLT1 (***P< 0.001), VGluT1 (**P<0.01) and VGluT2 (***P<0.001) expression in the hippocampus in occluded mice as compared to sham-operated animals. These changes are associated with increased PHF1 (***P<0.0001) protein and a significant impairment of performance (*p<0.0006, N=6/group) in the novel object recognition test. This model represents a useful tool for investigating cellular, biochemical and molecular mechanisms of global cerebral ischaemia and may be an ideal preclinical model for vascular dementia. Keywords Global

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2018.04.004Test
https://research.leedstrinity.ac.uk/en/publications/tau-pathology-and-neurochemical-changes-associated-with-memory-dysfunction-in-an-optimised-murine-model-of-global-cerebral-ischaemia--a-potential-model-for-vascular-dementiaTest(07300d0c-c885-4e3a-b486-b0edf268fb67).html
http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/129758Test/

المؤلفون: Batten, Trevor FC

العلاقة: https://research.leedstrinity.ac.uk/en/persons/f7c45b44-0daa-44e9-a471-e21150fcf455Test

الإتاحة: https://research.leedstrinity.ac.uk/en/persons/f7c45b44-0daa-44e9-a471-e21150fcf455Test