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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Oliver, Nuria, Barber, Xavier, Roomp, Kirsten, Roomp, Kristof
المصدر: Journal of Medical Internet Research, Vol 22, Iss 9, p e21319 (2020)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
الوصف: BackgroundSpain has been one of the countries most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the first confirmed case was reported on January 31, 2020, there have been over 405,000 cases and 28,000 deaths in Spain. The economic and social impact is without precedent. Thus, it is important to quickly assess the situation and perception of the population. Large-scale online surveys have been shown to be an effective tool for this purpose. ObjectiveWe aim to assess the situation and perception of the Spanish population in four key areas related to the COVID-19 pandemic: social contact behavior during confinement, personal economic impact, labor situation, and health status. MethodsWe obtained a large sample using an online survey with 24 questions related to COVID-19 in the week of March 28-April 2, 2020, during the peak of the first wave of COVID-19 in Spain. The self-selection online survey method of nonprobability sampling was used to recruit 156,614 participants via social media posts that targeted the general adult population (age >18 years). Given such a large sample, the 95% CI was ±0.843 for all reported proportions. ResultsRegarding social behavior during confinement, participants mainly left their homes to satisfy basic needs. We found several statistically significant differences in social behavior across genders and age groups. The population’s willingness to comply with the confinement measures is evident. From the survey answers, we identified a significant adverse economic impact of the pandemic on those working in small businesses and a negative correlation between economic damage and willingness to stay in confinement. The survey revealed that close contacts play an important role in the transmission of the disease, and 28% of the participants lacked the necessary resources to properly isolate themselves. We also identified a significant lack of testing, with only 1% of the population tested and 6% of respondents unable to be tested despite their doctor’s recommendation. We developed a generalized linear model to identify the variables that were correlated with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result. Using this model, we estimated an average of 5% for SARS-CoV-2 prevalence in the Spanish population during the time of the study. A seroprevalence study carried out later by the Spanish Ministry of Health reported a similar level of disease prevalence (5%). ConclusionsLarge-scale online population surveys, distributed via social media and online messaging platforms, can be an effective, cheap, and fast tool to assess the impact and prevalence of an infectious disease in the context of a pandemic, particularly when there is a scarcity of official data and limited testing capacity.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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2تقرير
المؤلفون: Figueira-Pereira, Mario, Barber, Xavier, Conesa, David, López-Quílez, Antonio, Martínez-Minaya, Joaquín, Paradinas, Iosu, Pennino, Maria Grazia
مصطلحات موضوعية: Statistics - Applications, 62P10
الوصف: In ecology we may find scenarios where the same phenomenon (species occurrence, species abundance, etc.) is observed using two different types of samplers. For instance, species data can be collected from scientific sampling with a completely random sample pattern, but also from opportunistic sampling (e.g., whale or bird watching fishery commercial vessels), in which observers tend to look for a specific species in areas where they expect to find Species Distribution Models (SDMs) are a widely used tool for analyzing this kind of ecological data. Specifically, we have two models available for the above data: a geostatistical model (GM) for the data coming from a complete random sampler and a preferential model (PM) for data from opportunistic sampling. Integration of information coming from different sources can be handled via expert elicitation and integrated models. We focus here in a sequential Bayesian procedure to connect two models through the update of prior distributions. Implementation of the Bayesian paradigm is done through the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) methodology, a good option to make inference and prediction in spatial models with high performance and low computational costs. This sequential approach has been evaluated by simulating several scenarios and comparing the results of sharing information from one model to another using different criteria. The procedure has also been exemplified with a real dataset. Our main results imply that, in general, it is better to share information from the independent (completely random) to the preferential model than the alternative way. However, it depends on different factors such as the spatial range or the spatial arrangement of sampling locations.
Comment: 36 pages, 13 figures and 3 tablesالوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.17922Test
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3تقرير
مصطلحات موضوعية: Statistics - Applications, 62P10
الوصف: Background: Bayesian Networks (BNs) are probabilistic graphical models that leverage Bayes' theorem to portray dependencies and cause-and-effect relationships between variables. These networks have gained prominence in the field of health sciences, particularly in diagnostic processes, by allowing the integration of medical knowledge into models and addressing uncertainty in a probabilistic manner. Objectives: This review aims to provide an exhaustive overview of the current state of Bayesian Networks in disease diagnosis and prognosis. Additionally, it seeks to introduce readers to the fundamental methodology of BNs, emphasizing their versatility and applicability across varied medical domains. Methods: Employing a meticulous search strategy with MeSH descriptors in diverse scientific databases, we identified 190 relevant references. These were subjected to a rigorous analysis, resulting in the retention of 60 papers for an in-depth review. The robustness of our approach minimizes the risk of selection bias. Results: The selected studies encompass a wide range of medical areas, providing insights into the statistical methodology, implementation feasibility, and predictive accuracy of BNs, as evidenced by an average AUC exceeding 75%. The comprehensive analysis underscores the adaptability and efficacy of Bayesian Networks in diverse clinical scenarios. Conclusion: The encompassing exploration of Bayesian Networks presented in this review highlights their significance and growing impact in the realm of disease diagnosis and prognosis. It underscores the need for further research and development to optimize their capabilities and broaden their applicability in addressing diverse and intricate healthcare challenges.
Comment: 24 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, Student PhD first paperالوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2304.06400Test
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4رسالة جامعية
المؤلفون: García Barber, Xavier
المساهمون: University/Department: Universitat de Barcelona. Departament d'Història i Institucions Econòmiques
مرشدي الرسالة: Calvo Calvo, Ángel, 1949-, Fernández Pérez, Paloma, 1964-
المصدر: B 5177-2014
TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)مصطلحات موضوعية: Indústria de les begudes alcohòliques, Industria de las bebidas alcohólicas, Alcoholic beverage industry, Cervesa, Cerveza, Beer, Ciències Jurídiques, Econòmiques i Socials
الوصف: Esta tesis estudia los inicios del sector cervecero y los factores de oferta y demanda que acompañaron su crecimiento hasta su implantación definitiva en España entre el último cuarto del siglo XIX y el primer decenio del XX. Esta investigación pretende realizar una contribución al estudio de un sector industrial no líder, aunque de amplia repercusión económica en España en la actualidad, que apenas ha merecido la atención de los historiadores económicos, a diferencia de lo que ocurre en otros países. En un país dominado por el vino y los aguardientes, el origen de esta industria se sitúa en torno a la corte de la dinastía de los Austrias, establecida en España a inicios del siglo XVI, adquiriendo en general un moderado desarrollo durante los siglos XVII y XVIII en la ciudad de Madrid. Posteriormente, tras el establecimiento de una industria cervecera de gran producción en Santander durante el último cuarto del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX con fines exportadores a las Indias comienza de manera paulatina su difusión por toda la Península hasta, como se ha comentado, su definitiva implantación entre finales de siglo y el primer decenio del XX. Entre otras cuestiones, se analiza la creciente orientación de inversiones hacia la fabricación de cerveza, especialmente en las ciudades líderes en esta industria, Barcelona y Madrid, la elevada dependencia sobre dirección técnica, tecnología y una materia prima como el lúpulo respecto del exterior, la difusión de la producción y el consumo en la Península a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, el estudio de las variaciones del precio de la cerveza y sus gravámenes fiscales en el impuesto de consumos en comparación con los del vino, el ataque de la filoxera al sector vinícola francés y español y sus repercusiones sobre el sector cervecero, la evolución del comercio exterior, la progresiva aparición de puntos de venta al por menor, las iniciativas en la solicitud de patentes y marcas en el ámbito cervecero y el comienzo de la fabricación de cerveza de baja fermentación en España a partir del último cuarto de siglo que dará lugar a la formación de economías de escala, una concentración de la producción y la expansión comercial a lo largo de la Península. Antes de la Primera Guerra Mundial, la industria cervecera ya estaba plenamente implantada en España. Los orígenes y la pausada formación del sector cervecero desde el siglo XVI hasta el comienzo del último cuarto del siglo XIX residieron, en buena medida, en la iniciativa, el capital y los conocimientos aportados desde el exterior. Fundamentalmente se trató de cerveceros flamencos a lo largo de los siglos XVI y XVIII, y de alemanes y franceses durante los tres primeros cuartos del siglo XIX. Desde ahí hasta 1913, el capital nacional entró a participar de forma mayoritaria en la implantación definitiva de esta industria en España. En esta última etapa destacó la iniciativa de una nueva clase de capitalistas e industriales, surgidos en diversas ciudades de la Península que invertirá en la construcción de grandes fábricas de cerveza, que llegarán la mayor parte a consolidarse en el sector a lo largo del siglo XX. Es el caso de La Austríaca (1876), La Estrella de Gijón (1893), El Laurel de Baco (1895), Cammany y Cía (1899), El Águila, El Águila Negra y la Zaragozana (1900), Juan Musolas (1902), Cruzcampo (1904), Estrella de Galicia (1906) y la Cervecera del Norte y la Vizcaína (1912). Estas compañías agruparían en 1917, ya fuera de la cronología de esta tesis, el 65% de la producción cervecera española.
الوصف (مترجم): This thesis examines the beginnings of the brewing industry and the factors of supply and demand that accompanied its growth to its final implementation in Spain between the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth. This research aims to make a contribution to the study of non-industrial sector leader, though large economic impact in Spain today, which has hardly received the attention of economic historians, unlike what happens in other countries. In a country dominated by wine and spirits, the origin of this industry is about to cut the Habsburg dynasty, established in Spain in the early sixteenth century, acquiring a moderate overall development during the seventeenth and XVIII in the city of Madrid. Later, after the establishment of a brewing industry for mass production in Santander during the last quarter of the eighteenth century and early nineteenth to exporting to the Spanish colonies in Latin America late starts gradually its dissemination throughout the Peninsula to, as mentioned, its final implementation between the end of the century and the first decade of the twentieth. Among other things, the growing orientation towards investment brewing is analyzed, especially in the leading cities in this industry, Barcelona and Madrid, the high dependence on technical, technology and raw materials such as hops from the outside, the dissemination of production and consumption in the Peninsula from the second half of the nineteenth century, the study of variations in the price of beer and tax on consumption tax compared with wine taxes, the attack “phylloxera” French and Spanish wine industry and its impact on the brewing industry, the development of foreign trade, the gradual emergence of outlets retail initiatives in the application for patents and trademarks in the brewing area and the beginning of the brewery bottom fermented in Spain from the last quarter century that will lead to the formation of economies of scale, concentration of production and trade expansion along the Peninsula. Before World War I, the brewing industry was now fully operational in Spain. The origins and the slow formation of the brewing industry since the sixteenth century to the beginning of the last quarter of the nineteenth century resided largely in the initiative, capital and knowledge provided from outside. Fundamentally treated flamingos along the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries brewers, and German and French during the first three quarters of the nineteenth century. From then until 1913, the national capital came to participate in majority form in the final implementation of this industry in Spain. In this last stage highlighted the initiative of a new class of capitalists and industrialists, arising in various cities of the peninsula that invest in the construction of large breweries, which reach most consolidated in the sector over the twentieth century. This is the case of La Austríaca (1876), La Estrella de Gijón (1893), El Laurel de Baco (1895), Cammany y Cía (1899), El Águila, El Águila Negra y la Zaragozana (1900), Juan Musolas (1902), Cruzcampo (1904), Estrella de Galicia (1906) y La Cervecera del Norte y La Vizcaína (1912). These companies grouped in 1917, and out of the timeline of this thesis, 65 % of the Spanish beer production.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: http://hdl.handle.net/10803/130897Test
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5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: García Barber, Xavier
المصدر: Revista de Historia Industrial; Vol. 26, Núm. 67 (2017); p. 69-94
الوصف: The start of the production of bottom-fermented beer in Barcelona, at the beginning of the 1870s, resulted in a drink with organoleptic characteristics that made it more popular: less alcohol and more frothy and transparent than the top-fermented beer made until then. Its production resulted in greater investment in new technologies, including the production of artificial refrigeration, which led to a marked increase in fixed costs. This meant, on the one hand, external financing requirements. Furthermore, it encouraged the development of partnership strategies due to overproduction. Finally, launched mergers appeared, motivated by the emergence of economies of scale and leading to the formation of an oligopoly in 1910. These strategies, used to consolidate a new structure in the Barcelona brewing industry, have many points in common with the principles of big business enunciated by Chandler.
El inicio de la fabricación de cerveza de baja fermentación en Barcelona, a inicios de la década de 1870, dio lugar a una bebida con unas características organolépticas que la hacían más popular: menor carga etílica y más espumosa y transparente que la de alta fermentación elaborada hasta entonces. Su producción condicionó una mayor inversión en nuevas tecnologías, entre las que se destacó la producción de frío artificial, que motivaron un notable aumento en costes fijos. Esta situación significó, por una parte, requerimientos de financiación ajena. Por otra, impulsó el desarrollo de estrategias de asociacionismo entre los principales fabricantes debido a sobreproducciones. Por último, se pusieron en marcha procesos de fusión motivados, por la aparición de economías de escala, que llevaron a la formación de un oligopolio en 1910. Estas estrategias que consolidaron una nueva estructura en la industria cervecera barcelonesa tienen muchos puntos en común con los postulados sobre la gran empresa enunciados por Chandler.وصف الملف: application/pdf
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6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Barber, Xavier, Conesa, David, Lopez-Quílez, Antonio, Mayoral, Asuncion, Morales, Javier, Barber, Antoni
المصدر: SORT- Statistics and Operations Research Transactions; 2017: Vol.: 41 Núm.: 2 July-December; p. 277-296
SORT-Statistics and Operations Research Transactions; 2017: Vol.: 41 Núm.: 2 July-December; p. 277-296مصطلحات موضوعية: Bioclimatology, geostatistics, parallel computation, spatial prediction, 62F15, 62M30, 62P10, 62P12, 86A32
الوصف: A methodological approach for modelling the spatial distribution of bioclimatic indices is proposed in this paper. The value of the bioclimatic index is modelled with a hierarchical Bayesian model that incorporates both structured and unstructured random effects. Selection of prior distributions is also discussed in order to better incorporate any possible prior knowledge about the parameters that could refer to the particular characteristics of bioclimatic indices. MCMC methods and distributed programming are used to obtain an approximation of the posterior distribution of the parameters and also the posterior predictive distribution of the indices. One main outcome of the proposal is the spatial bioclimatic probability distribution of each bioclimatic index, which allows researchers to obtain the probability of each location belonging to different bioclimates. The methodology is evaluated on two indices in the Island of Cyprus.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
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7دورية أكاديمية
المساهمون: Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Biología Marina
مصطلحات موضوعية: Climate change, Seabream, Seabass, Marine heatwaves, Mediterranean Sea
الوصف: Climate change threatens marine aquaculture, impacting fish health and farming practices through extreme events such as ocean warming and marine heatwaves. These events can compound the effects of other stressors, necessitating adaptive measures for sustainable aquaculture, such as submergible cages. We harnessed ocean reanalysis products to enhance our understanding of ocean warming and marine heatwaves in key fish farming areas in the Western Mediterranean, focusing on fish welfare thermal thresholds that inform mitigation measures. Our analyses revealed a consistent temperature increase across depths and farms over four decades, notably peaking at 0.75 °C per decade in some areas. Marine heatwaves have become three times more frequent, with nearly 50% longer durations on average compared to the 1980s. This included the most severe event experienced in 2022, with anomalies up to 4.2 °C lasting the entire summer. Fish welfare thermal thresholds exceeded the average depth of pen net systems and increased by 4.3 m per decade. Moreover, the seasonal onset of thermal thresholds shifted 5 to 6 days earlier per decade. To secure optimal conditions for seabream and seabass, net pens should be submerged to depths of around 20 m and 15 m, respectively, ideally in the second week of July. However, in shallow areas, this may not be feasible. Our findings raise concerns about the well-being of Mediterranean farmed fish, which, although adapted to current conditions, may struggle to thrive under recent and projected environmental changes. Addressing these challenges, a multi-faceted adaptative approach encompassing research, technological innovation, regulatory measures, and industry collaboration. ; Research reported in this publication was supported by a Maria Zambrano Grant awarded to JA, financed by the Spanish Government through the European Union NextGenerationEU fund. This study forms part of the ThinkInAzul programme (https://thinkinazul.esTest/) and it was supported by MCIN with funding from the European Union ...
العلاقة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.740917Test; Aquaculture. 2024, 588: 740917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.740917Test; 0044-8486 (Print); 1873-5622 (Online); http://hdl.handle.net/10045/142259Test
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2024.740917Test
http://hdl.handle.net/10045/142259Test -
8دورية أكاديمية
المساهمون: Generalitat Valenciana, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación,Spain, Agencia Estatal de Investigación,Spain, Universidad Miguel Hernández
المصدر: Landscape Ecology ; volume 39, issue 1 ; ISSN 0921-2973 1572-9761
مصطلحات موضوعية: Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecology, Geography, Planning and Development
الوصف: Context The abandonment of traditional practices has transformed agro-pastoral systems, leading to a more frequent occurrence of passive rewilding of Mediterranean landscapes. Reconstructing ecosystem responses to climate under different grazing conditions (i.e., wild, and domestic ungulates) is important to understand the future of these ecosystems. Objectives Here we study the different roles of domestic and wild herbivory in defining the climate-vegetation interaction. Specifically, we evaluated (1) the effect of climate on primary productivity at the landscape scale and (2) the long-term trends of vegetation biomass in response to passive rewilding or maintenance of traditional grazing systems. Methods This study was carried out in South-eastern Spain. We used satellite images to generate NDVI time series that proxy primary productivity and vegetation biomass. We combined the NDVI and climate data from two key landscapes: one with wild ungulates and another predominantly with domestic ungulates. Results We detected a secondary succession process in areas with only wild ungulates. In domestic herbivory areas, vegetation biomass remained constant throughout time (30 years). In domestic herbivory areas temperature and seasonal precipitation affected primary productivity. In areas with only wild herbivory, primary productivity was mainly driven by annual precipitation, and it was less dependent on seasonal precipitation. Conclusion These results highlight the distinctive roles of herbivores in defining Mediterranean landscapes' adaptability to climate, through passive rewilding or traditional livestock use. Maintaining both ecosystems can enhance landscape heterogeneity and ecological sustainability in a context of climatic changes.
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9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Fernández-Gómez, Lola, Sánchez-Zapata, José A., Donázar, José A., Barber, Xavier, Barbosa, Jomar M.
المساهمون: Gobierno de España Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
المصدر: Science of The Total Environment ; volume 910, page 168553 ; ISSN 0048-9697
مصطلحات موضوعية: Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental Engineering
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168553Test
https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0048969723071814?httpAccept=text/xmlTest
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10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: España, Victor J., Aparicio, Juan, Barber, Xavier, Esteve, Miriam
المصدر: European Journal of Operational Research ; volume 312, issue 2, page 684-699 ; ISSN 0377-2217
مصطلحات موضوعية: Information Systems and Management, Management Science and Operations Research, Modeling and Simulation, General Computer Science, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2023.06.035Test
https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0377221723005076?httpAccept=text/xmlTest
https://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0377221723005076?httpAccept=text/plainTest
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