المؤلفون: Raducan, S. D., Jutzi, M., Cheng, A. F., Zhang, Y., Barnouin, O., Collins, G. S., Daly, R. T., Davison, T. M., Ernst, C. M., Farnham, T. L., Ferrari, F., Hirabayashi, M., Kumamoto, K. M., Michel, P., Murdoch, N., Nakano, R., Pajola, M., Rossi, A., Agrusa, H. F., Barbee, B. W., Syal, M. Bruck, Chabot, N. L., Dotto, E., Fahnestock, E. G., Hasselmann, P. H., Herreros, I., Ivanovski, S., Li, J. -Y., Lucchetti, A., Luther, R., Ormö, J., Owen, M., Pravec, P., Rivkin, A. S., Robin, C. Q., Sánchez, P., Tusberti, F., Wünnemann, K., Zinzi, A., Epifani, E. Mazzotta, Manzoni, C., May, B. H.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics

الوصف: On September 26, 2022, NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission successfully impacted Dimorphos, the natural satellite of the binary near-Earth asteroid (65803) Didymos. Numerical simulations of the impact provide a means to explore target surface material properties and structures, consistent with the observed momentum deflection efficiency, ejecta cone geometry, and ejected mass. Our simulation, which best matches observations, indicates that Dimorphos is weak, with a cohesive strength of less than a few pascals (Pa), similar to asteroids (162173) Ryugu and (101955) Bennu. We find that a bulk density of Dimorphos, rhoB, lower than 2400 kg/m3, and a low volume fraction of boulders (<40 vol%) on the surface and in the shallow subsurface, are consistent with measured data from the DART experiment. These findings suggest Dimorphos is a rubble pile that might have formed through rotational mass shedding and re-accumulation from Didymos. Our simulations indicate that the DART impact caused global deformation and resurfacing of Dimorphos. ESA's upcoming Hera mission may find a re-shaped asteroid, rather than a well-defined crater.

الوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.00667Test

المؤلفون: Chabot N. L., Rivkin A. S., Cheng A. F., Barnouin O. S., Fahnestock E. G., Richardson D. C., Stickle A. M., Thomas C. A., Ernst C. M., Terik Daly R., Dotto E., Zinzi A., Chesley S. R., Moskovitz N. A., Barbee B. W., Abell P., Agrusa H. F., Bannister M. T., Beccarelli J., Bekker D. L., Syal M. B., Buratti B. J., Busch M. W., Bagatin A. C., Chatelain J. P., Chocron S., Collins G. S., Conversi L., Davison T. M., DeCoster M. E., Prasanna Deshapriya J. D., Eggl S., Espiritu R. C., Farnham T. L., Ferrais M., Ferrari F., Fohring D., Fuentes-Munoz O., Gai I., Giordano C., Glenar D. A., Gomez E., Graninger D. M., Green S. F., Greenstreet S., Hasselmann P. H., Herreros I., Hirabayashi M., Husarik M., Ieva S., Ivanovski S. L., Jackson S. L., Jehin E., Jutzi M., Karatekin O., Knight M. M., Kolokolova L., Kumamoto K. M., Kuppers M., Forgia F. L., Lazzarin M., Li J. -Y., Lister T. A., Lolachi R., Lucas M. P., Lucchetti A., Luther R., Makadia R., Epifani E. M., McMahon J., Merisio G., Merrill C. C., Meyer A. J., Michel P., Micheli M., Migliorini A., Minker K., Modenini D., Moreno F., Murdoch N., Murphy B., Naidu S. P., Nair H., Nakano R., Opitom C., Ormo J., Michael Owen J., Pajola M., Palmer E. E., Palumbo P., Panicucci P., Parro L. M., Pearl J. M., Penttila A., Perna D., Petrescu E., Pravec P., Raducan S. D., Ramesh K. T., Ridden-Harper R., Rizos J. L., Rossi A., Roth N. X., Rozek A., Rozitis B., Ryan E. V., Ryan W. H., Sanchez P., Santana-Ros T., Scheeres D. J., Scheirich P., Senel C. B., Soldini S., Souami D., Statler T. S., Street R., Stubbs T. J., Sunshine J. M., Snodgrass C., Tan N. J., Tancredi G., Tinsman C. L., Tortora P., Tusberti F., Walker J. D., Dany Waller C., Wunnemann K., Zannoni M., Zhang Y.

المساهمون: Chabot N.L., Rivkin A.S., Cheng A.F., Barnouin O.S., Fahnestock E.G., Richardson D.C., Stickle A.M., Thomas C.A., Ernst C.M., Terik Daly R., Dotto E., Zinzi A., Chesley S.R., Moskovitz N.A., Barbee B.W., Abell P., Agrusa H.F., Bannister M.T., Beccarelli J., Bekker D.L., Syal M.B., Buratti B.J., Busch M.W., Bagatin A.C., Chatelain J.P., Chocron S., Collins G.S., Conversi L., Davison T.M., DeCoster M.E., Prasanna Deshapriya J.D., Eggl S., Espiritu R.C., Farnham T.L., Ferrais M., Ferrari F., Fohring D., Fuentes-Munoz O., Gai I., Giordano C., Glenar D.A., Gomez E., Graninger D.M., Green S.F., Greenstreet S., Hasselmann P.H., Herreros I., Hirabayashi M., Husarik M., Ieva S., Ivanovski S.L., Jackson S.L., Jehin E., Jutzi M., Karatekin O., Knight M.M., Kolokolova L., Kumamoto K.M., Kuppers M., Forgia F.L., Lazzarin M., Li J.-Y., Lister T.A., Lolachi R., Lucas M.P., Lucchetti A., Luther R., Makadia R., Epifani E.M., McMahon J., Merisio G., Merrill C.C., Meyer A.J., Michel P., Micheli M., Migliorini A., Minker K., Modenini D., Moreno F., Murdoch N., Murphy B., Naidu S.P., Nair H., Nakano R., Opitom C., Ormo J., Michael Owen J., Pajola M., Palmer E.E., Palumbo P., Panicucci P., Parro L.M., Pearl J.M., Penttila A., Perna D., Petrescu E., Pravec P., Raducan S.D., Ramesh K.T., Ridden-Harper R.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Asteroid, planetary defense

الوصف: NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission was the first to demonstrate asteroid deflection, and the mission’s Level 1 requirements guided its planetary defense investigations. Here, we summarize DART’s achievement of those requirements. On 2022 September 26, the DART spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the secondary member of the Didymos near-Earth asteroid binary system, demonstrating an autonomously navigated kinetic impact into an asteroid with limited prior knowledge for planetary defense. Months of subsequent Earth-based observations showed that the binary orbital period was changed by –33.24 minutes, with two independent analysis methods each reporting a 1σ uncertainty of 1.4 s. Dynamical models determined that the momentum enhancement factor, β, resulting from DART’s kinetic impact test is between 2.4 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos, which remains the largest source of uncertainty. Over five dozen telescopes across the globe and in space, along with the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids, have contributed to DART’s investigations. These combined investigations have addressed topics related to the ejecta, dynamics, impact event, and properties of both asteroids in the binary system. A year following DART’s successful impact into Dimorphos, the mission has achieved its planetary defense requirements, although work to further understand DART’s kinetic impact test and the Didymos system will continue. In particular, ESA’s Hera mission is planned to perform extensive measurements in 2027 during its rendezvous with the Didymos–Dimorphos system, building on DART to advance our knowledge and continue the ongoing international collaboration for planetary defense.

وصف الملف: ELETTRONICO

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:001184995000001; volume:5; issue:2; firstpage:1; lastpage:24; numberofpages:24; journal:THE PLANETARY SCIENCE JOURNAL; https://hdl.handle.net/11585/967331Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85188202563; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3847/PSJ/ad16e6Test
https://hdl.handle.net/11585/967331Test

المؤلفون: Cheng A. F., Agrusa H. F., Barbee B. W., Meyer A. J., Farnham T. L., Raducan S. D., Richardson D. C., Dotto E., Zinzi A., Della Corte V., Statler T. S., Chesley S., Naidu S. P., Hirabayashi M., Li J. Y., Eggl S., Barnouin O. S., Chabot N. L., Chocron S., Collins G. S., Daly R. T., Davison T. M., DeCoster M. E., Ernst C. M., Ferrari F., Graninger D. M., Jacobson S. A., Jutzi M., Kumamoto K. M., Luther R., Lyzhoft J. R., Michel P., Murdoch N., Nakano R., Palmer E., Rivkin A. S., Scheeres D. J., Stickle A. M., Sunshine J. M., Trigo-Rodriguez J. M., Vincent J. B., Walker J. D., Wünnemann K., Zhang Y., Amoroso M., Bertini I., Brucato J. R., Capannolo A., Cremonese G., Dall’Ora M., Deshapriya P. J. D., Gai I., Hasselmann P. H., Ieva S., Impresario G., Ivanovski S. L., Lavagna M., Lucchetti A., Epifani E. M., Modenini D., Pajola M., Palumbo P., Perna D., Pirrotta S., Poggiali G., Rossi A., Tortora P., Zannoni M., Zanotti G.

المساهمون: Cheng A.F., Agrusa H.F., Barbee B.W., Meyer A.J., Farnham T.L., Raducan S.D., Richardson D.C., Dotto E., Zinzi A., Della Corte V., Statler T.S., Chesley S., Naidu S.P., Hirabayashi M., Li J.Y., Eggl S., Barnouin O.S., Chabot N.L., Chocron S., Collins G.S., Daly R.T., Davison T.M., DeCoster M.E., Ernst C.M., Ferrari F., Graninger D.M., Jacobson S.A., Jutzi M., Kumamoto K.M., Luther R., Lyzhoft J.R., Michel P., Murdoch N., Nakano R., Palmer E., Rivkin A.S., Scheeres D.J., Stickle A.M., Sunshine J.M., Trigo-Rodriguez J.M., Vincent J.B., Walker J.D., Wünnemann K., Zhang Y., Amoroso M., Bertini I., Brucato J.R., Capannolo A., Cremonese G., Dall’Ora M., Deshapriya P.J.D., Gai I., Hasselmann P.H., Ieva S., Impresario G., Ivanovski S.L., Lavagna M., Lucchetti A., Epifani E.M., Modenini D., Pajola M., Palumbo P., Perna D., Pirrotta S., Poggiali G., Rossi A., Tortora P., Zannoni M., Zanotti G.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Article, asteroid, astronomy, bulk density, controlled study, geometry, kinetic, ma, momentum transfer, preliminary data, satellite imagery, size, uncertainty, motion

الوصف: The NASA Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission performed a kinetic impact on asteroid Dimorphos, the satellite of the binary asteroid (65803) Didymos, at 23:14 UTC on 26 September 2022 as a planetary defence test1. DART was the first hypervelocity impact experiment on an asteroid at size and velocity scales relevant to planetary defence, intended to validate kinetic impact as a means of asteroid deflection. Here we report a determination of the momentum transferred to an asteroid by kinetic impact. On the basis of the change in the binary orbit period2, we find an instantaneous reduction in Dimorphos’s along-track orbital velocity component of 2.70 ± 0.10 mm s−1, indicating enhanced momentum transfer due to recoil from ejecta streams produced by the impact3,4. For a Dimorphos bulk density range of 1,500 to 3,300 kg m−3, we find that the expected value of the momentum enhancement factor, β, ranges between 2.2 and 4.9, depending on the mass of Dimorphos. If Dimorphos and Didymos are assumed to have equal densities of 2,400 kg m−3, β=3.61−0.25+0.19(1σ). These β values indicate that substantially more momentum was transferred to Dimorphos from the escaping impact ejecta than was incident with DART. Therefore, the DART kinetic impact was highly effective in deflecting the asteroid Dimorphos.

وصف الملف: ELETTRONICO

العلاقة: info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/wos/WOS:000989784800001; volume:616; issue:7957; firstpage:457; lastpage:460; numberofpages:4; journal:NATURE; https://hdl.handle.net/11585/927593Test; info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/scopus/2-s2.0-85150743752; https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05878-zTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05878-zTest
https://hdl.handle.net/11585/927593Test
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-05878-zTest

المؤلفون: Abell, P. A, Sanders, G. B, Mazanek, D. D, Barbee, B. W, Mink, R. G, Landis, R. R, Adamo, D. R, Johnson, L. N, Yeomans, D. K, Reeves, D. M, Drake, B. G, Friedensen, V. P

مصطلحات موضوعية: Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration

الوصف: Introduction: In 2009 the Augustine Commission identified near-Earth asteroids (NEAs) as high profile destinations for human exploration missions beyond the Earth-Moon system as part of the Flexible Path. More recently the U.S. presidential administration directed NASA to include NEAs as destinations for future human exploration with the goal of sending astronauts to a NEA in the mid to late 2020s. This directive became part of the official National Space Policy of the United States of America as of June 28, 2010. NEA Space-Based Survey and Robotic Precursor Missions: The most suitable targets for human missions are NEAs in Earth-like orbits with long synodic periods. However, these mission candidates are often not observable from Earth until the timeframe of their most favorable human mission opportunities, which does not provide an appropriate amount of time for mission development. A space-based survey telescope could more efficiently find these targets in a timely, affordable manner. Such a system is not only able to discover new objects, but also track and characterize objects of interest for human space flight consideration. Those objects with characteristic signatures representative of volatile-rich or metallic materials will be considered as top candidates for further investigation due to their potential for resource utilization and scientific discovery. Once suitable candidates have been identified, precursor spacecraft are required to perform basic reconnaissance of a few NEAs under consideration for the human-led mission. Robotic spacecraft will assess targets for potential hazards that may pose a risk to the deep space transportation vehicle, its deployable assets, and the crew. Additionally, the information obtained about the NEA's basic physical characteristics will be crucial for planning operational activities, designing in-depth scientific/engineering investigations, and identifying sites on the NEA for sample collection. Human Exploration Considerations: These missions would be the first human expeditions to interplanetary bodies beyond the Earth-Moon system and would prove useful for testing technologies required for human missions to Mars, Phobos and Deimos, and other Solar System destinations. Current analyses of operational concepts suggest that stay times of 15 to 30 days may be possible at a NEA with total mission duration limits of 180 days or less. Hence, these missions would undoubtedly provide a great deal of technical and engineering data on spacecraft operations for future human space exploration while simultaneously conducting detailed investigations of these primitive objects with instruments and equipment that exceed the mass and power capabilities delivered by robotic spacecraft. All of these activities will be vital for refinement of resource characterization/identification and development of extraction/utilization technologies to be used on airless bodies under low- or micro-gravity conditions. In addition, gaining enhanced understanding of a NEA s geotechnical properties and its gross internal structure will assist the development of hazard mitigation techniques for planetary defense. Conclusions: The scientific, resource utilization, and hazard mitigation benefits, along with the programmatic and operational benefits of a human venture beyond the Earth-Moon system, make a piloted sample return mission to a NEA using NASA s proposed human exploration systems a compelling endeavor.

الوصول الحر: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120018073Test

المؤلفون: Mazanek, D. D, Abell, P. A, Antol, J, Barbee, B. W, Beaty, D. W, Bass, D. S, Castillo-Rogez, J. C, Coan, D. A, Colaprete, A, Daugherty, K. J, Drake, B. G, Earle, K. D, Graham, L. D, Hembree, R. M, Hoffman, S. J, Jefferies, S. A, Lupisella, M. L, Reeves, David M

مصطلحات موضوعية: Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration

الوصف: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration s Human Spaceflight Architecture Team (HAT) has been developing a preliminary Destination Mission Concept (DMC) to assess how a human orbital mission to one or both of the Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, might be conducted as a follow-on to a human mission to a near-Earth asteroid (NEA) and as a possible preliminary step prior to a human landing on Mars. The HAT Mars-Phobos-Deimos (MPD) mission also permits the teleoperation of robotic systems by the crew while in the Mars system. The DMC development activity provides an initial effort to identify the science and exploration objectives and investigate the capabilities and operations concepts required for a human orbital mission to the Mars system. In addition, the MPD Team identified potential synergistic opportunities via prior exploration of other destinations currently under consideration.

الوصول الحر: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120010670Test

المؤلفون: Abell, Paul A, Barbee, B. W, Mink, R. G, Alberding, C. M, Adamo, D. R, Mazanek, D. D, Johnson, L. N, Yeomans, D. K, Chodas, P. W, Chamberlin, A. B, Benner, L. A. M, Drake, B. G, Friedensen, V. P

مصطلحات موضوعية: Space Sciences (General)

الوصف: Over the past several years, much attention has been focused on the human exploration of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). Two independent NASA studies examined the feasibility of sending piloted missions to NEAs [1, 2], and in 2009, the Augustine Commission identified NEAs as high profile destinations for human exploration missions beyond the Earth-Moon system [3]. More recently the current U.S. presidential administration directed NASA to include NEAs as destinations for future human exploration with the goal of sending astronauts to a NEA in the mid to late 2020s. This directive became part of the official National Space Policy of the United States of America as of June 28, 2010 [4]. Detailed planning for such deep space exploration missions and identifying potential NEAs as targets for human spaceflight requires selecting objects from the ever growing list of newly discovered NEAs. Hence NASA developed and implemented the Near-Earth Object (NEO) Human Space Flight (HSF) Accessible Target Study (NHATS), which identifies potential candidate objects on the basis of defined dynamical trajectory performance constraints.

الوصول الحر: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120001818Test

المؤلفون: Abell, P. A, Mazanek, D. D, Barbee, B. W, Mink, R. G, Landis, R. R, Adamo, D. R, Johnson, L. N, Yeomans, D. K, Reeves, D. M, Larman, K. T, Drake, B. G, Friedensen, V. P

مصطلحات موضوعية: Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration

الوصف: Introduction: Over the past several years, much attention has been focused on the human exploration of near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). Two independent NASA studies examined the feasibility of sending piloted missions to NEAs, and in 2009, the Augustine Commission identified NEAs as high profile destinations for human exploration missions beyond the Earth-Moon system as part of the Flexible Path. More recently the current U.S. presidential administration directed NASA to include NEAs as destinations for future human exploration with the goal of sending astronauts to a NEA in the mid to late 2020s. This directive became part of the official National Space Policy of the United States of America as of June 28, 2010. Dynamical Assessment: The current near-term NASA human spaceflight capability is in the process of being defined while the Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) and Space Launch System (SLS) are still in development. Hence, those NEAs in more accessible heliocentric orbits relative to a minimal interplanetary exploration capability will be considered for the first missions. If total mission durations for the first voyages to NEAs are to be kept to less than one year, with minimal velocity changes, then NEA rendezvous missions ideally will take place within 0.1 AU of Earth (approx about 5 million km or 37 lunar distances). Human Exploration Considerations: These missions would be the first human expeditions to inter-planetary bodies beyond the Earth-Moon system and would prove useful for testing technologies required for human missions to Mars, Phobos and Deimos, and other Solar System destinations. Missions to NEAs would undoubtedly provide a great deal of technical and engineering data on spacecraft operations for future human space exploration while conducting detailed scientific investigations of these primitive objects. Current analyses of operational concepts suggest that stay times of 15 to 30 days may be possible at these destinations. In addition, the resulting scientific investigations would refine designs for future extraterrestrial In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU), and assist in the development of hazard mitigation techniques for planetary defense. Conclusions: The scientific and hazard mitigation benefits, along with the programmatic and operational benefits of a human venture beyond the Earth-Moon system, make a piloted mission to a NEA using NASA's proposed human exploration systems a compelling endeavor

الوصول الحر: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120003559Test

المؤلفون: Barbee, B. W., Sarli, B., Lyzhoft, J., Nuth, J., Purves, L., Lewis, R.

المصدر: LPI Contribution; 2021, p1-2, 2p

مصطلحات موضوعية: NEAR-Earth objects, METEORITE craters, ASTEROIDS, COMETS

المؤلفون: Barbee, B. W., Lim, L. F., Aslam, S., Sarli, B., Lyzhoft, J., Hewagama, T., Nuth, J., Liounis, A., Nakamura, R., Hughes, K., Purves, L., Lewis, R.

المصدر: LPI Contribution; 2021, p1-2, 2p

مصطلحات موضوعية: ASTEROIDS, EARTH (Planet), NATURAL satellites, SMALL solar system bodies, RECONNAISSANCE operations, SPACE environment

المؤلفون: Mazanek, D. D., Daugherty, K. J., Castillo-Rogez, J. C., Colaprete, A., Coan, D. A., Earle, K. D., Bass, D. S., Antol, J., Barbee, B. W., Drake, B. G., Hembree, R. M., Hoffman, S. J., Reeves, David M., Lupisella, M. L., Graham, L. D., Beaty, D. W., Jefferies, S. A., Abell, P. A.

المصدر: CASI

مصطلحات موضوعية: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration, archi, phil

جغرافية الموضوع: Unclassified, Unlimited, Publicly available

الوصف: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration s Human Spaceflight Architecture Team (HAT) has been developing a preliminary Destination Mission Concept (DMC) to assess how a human orbital mission to one or both of the Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, might be conducted as a follow-on to a human mission to a near-Earth asteroid (NEA) and as a possible preliminary step prior to a human landing on Mars. The HAT Mars-Phobos-Deimos (MPD) mission also permits the teleoperation of robotic systems by the crew while in the Mars system. The DMC development activity provides an initial effort to identify the science and exploration objectives and investigate the capabilities and operations concepts required for a human orbital mission to the Mars system. In addition, the MPD Team identified potential synergistic opportunities via prior exploration of other destinations currently under consideration.

العلاقة: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120010670Test

الإتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120010670Test