المؤلفون: Moysidou, Chrysanthi‐Maria, van Niekerk, Douglas C., Stoeger, Verena, Pitsalidis, Charalampos, Draper, Lorraine A., Withers, Aimee M., Hughes, Katherine, McCoy, Reece, Acharya, Rachana, Hill, Colin, Owens, Róisín M.

المصدر: Small Science; Jun2024, Vol. 4 Issue 6, p1-17, 17p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PROBIOTICS, INTESTINAL barrier function, GUT microbiome, SOCIAL interaction, BACTERIA morphology, AUTOIMMUNE diseases, METABOLIC disorders

مستخلص: The role of the gut microbiome in various aspects of health and disease is now a well‐established concept in modern biomedicine. Numerous studies have revealed links between host health and microbial activity, spanning from digestion and metabolism to autoimmune disorders, stress and neuroinflammation. However, the exact mechanisms underlying this complex cross‐talk still remain a mystery. Conventionally, studies examining host‐microbiome interactions rely on animal models, but translation of such findings into human systems is challenging. Bioengineered models represent a highly promisingapproach for tackling such challenges. Here, a bioelectronic platform, the e‐transmembrane, is used to establish a 3D model of human intestine, to study the effects of microbiota on gut barrier integrity. More specifically, how postbiotics and live bacteria impact the morphology and function of the intestinal barrier is evaluated. e‐Transmembrane devices provide a means for in‐line and label‐free continuous monitoring of host‐microbe cross‐talk using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, revealing distinct patterns that emerge over 24 hours. Microscopy and quantification of molecular biomarkers further validate the differential effects of each bacterial intervention on the host tissue. In addition, a framework to better study and screen drug candidates and potential therapeutic/dietary interventions, such as postbiotics and probiotics, in more physiologically relevant human models is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Salam, A. N.¹ (AUTHOR) asmawatinursalam19@yahoo.com, Yuliati, F. N.¹ (AUTHOR) faridanuryuliati@gmail.com, Nahariah, N.¹ (AUTHOR) nahariah11@gmail.com, Malaka, R.¹ (AUTHOR) malaka_ag39@yahoo.co.id, Hatta, W.¹ (AUTHOR) wahnihatta@gmail.com, Prahesti, K. I.¹ (AUTHOR) kusumandari.indah@gmail.com

المصدر: AIP Conference Proceedings. 2023, Vol. 2628 Issue 1, p1-4. 4p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *HALOBACTERIUM, *BACTERIA morphology, *AMYLASES, *EGGS, *BACTERIAL colonies

مستخلص: Salted eggs are a source of animal protein that has high nutrition. Salted eggs are potentially contaminated with halophilic bacteria. Halophilic bacteria are salt-resistant bacteria that produce amylase and protease enzymes capable of degrading salted foods. This study was aimed to determine the total number and morphology of halophilic bacteria in commercial salted eggs. This research was conducted by survey method, and salted egg samples were obtained from three traditional markets in Makassar. Salted egg samples were examined using the pour plate method to count total bacteria (Total Plate Count/TPC) and halophilic bacteria. The addition of salt to the media with a concentration of 0%, 3%, and 6%. Bacterial morphology was examined macroscopically and microscopically. The results showed that the total bacteria in the 3 traditional Makassar markets ranged from 5.4 to 6.3 CFU/g log. Commercial salted egg samples from 3 traditional markets in Makassar contained mild and moderate halophilic bacteria between log 5.3-6.3 CFU/g. There were 11 bacterial colonies found on morphological observations, with varying characteristics. The three dominant colonies had white and yellow colors, round and irregular shapes, while microscopic examination showed bacilli and cocci bacteria shapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

العنوان البديل: Preparation and properties of strontium and nitrogen co-doped titanium dioxide/nano hydroxyapatite composites resins.

المؤلفون: 赵远航^1,2, 闫琳琳^1,2, 宋嘉卓^1,2, 邹馨颖^1,2, 赵 红^1,2, 刘 新^1,2, 陈佳文^1,2, 于依岩^1,2, 张志民¹ zhangzhim@jlu.edu.cn, 张 红¹ zhanghong1983@jlu.edu.cn

المصدر: Journal of Jilin University (Medicine Edition). Jul2023, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p1067-1075. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *BACTERIA morphology, *ARTIFICIAL saliva, *SCANNING electron microscopes, *INFRARED absorption, *DOUBLE bonds

الملخص (بالإنجليزية): Objective: To prepare the strontium and nitrogen co-doped titanium dioxide (Sr-N-TiO2)/ nano hydroxyapatite (n-HA) composite resins, to evaluate its basic properties, antibacterial properties, remineralization abilities, and biosafeties, and to clarify the antibacterial mechanism of the new type of composite resins. Methods: Sr-N-TiO2 and n-HA were mixed as the reinforcing fillers. The composite resins were prepared and were divided into control group and three experimental groups. According to the mass fractions of reinforcing fillers, the experimental groups were divided into 2. 5% reinforcing filler group, 5. 0% reinforcing filler group, and 7. 5% reinforcing filler group. The infrared spectrogram of composite resins in various groups were detected by the Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectrogram and the double bond conversion rates were calculated before and after light curing for 60 s. The curing depths of composite resin specimens in various groups after light curing for 20 s were calculated by cylindrical mould (height=10. 0 mm, diameter=4. 0 mm). Three composite resin specimens in various groups were prepared and co-cultured with the dilute Streptococcus mutans solution. The plate colony counting method was used to determine the counts of attached bacteria on surface of the specimens and the antibacterial rates were calculated; live/dead bacteria staining method was used to observe the ratio of live bacteria/dead bacteria and morphology of composite resin speciments in various groups. The composite resin specimens were immersed in the artificial saliva for 1, 3, 5, and 7 d, and the mineralizations of surface of the composite resins were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The mouse fibroblast cells (L-929 cells) were incubated with the resin extract solution, and CCK-8 method was used to detect the relative growth rates (RGR) of the cells on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days and the cytotoxicity levels were evaluated. Results: With the increasing of reinforcing filler proportion of the composite resins, the double bond conversion rates and curing depths of new type of the composite resins showed a decreasing trend, but all reached the clinical standard. Compared with control group, the double bond conversion rates of new type of the composite resins in 2. 5% reinforcing filler group and 5. 0% reinforcing filler group had no significant differences (P>0. 05), and the above index in 7. 5% reinforcing filler group was decreased (P< 0. 05). Compared with control group, the curing depths of the composite resins in experimental groups were increased (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), the counts of attached bacteria on surface of the speciments in experimental groups were significant increased (P<0. 01). When the proportion of reinforcing fillers reached 5. 0%, the antibacterical rates of new type of the composite resins were higher than 90%. Compared with control group, the counts of live bacteria on surface of the composite resins in experimental groups were decreased with the increasing of proportion of the reinforcing fillers. The SEM results show that the mineralized nodules on surface of the composite resins in experimental groups could be observed, and the number of mineralized nodules was increased with the prolongation of time and the increasing of reinforcing fillers proportion. After treated for 7 d, the surface of the composite resins in 5. 0% reinforcing filler group and 7. 5% reinforcing filler group were almostly covered by mineralized nodules. The biosafety experiment results showed that the RGR of cells in various groups was above 75%, and the cytotoxicity level ≤1 grade. Conclusion: The modified new type of composite resins meet the clinical standards, and it has antibacterial and remineralization properties, as well as high biosafety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (Chinese): 目的：制备锶和氮改性二氧化钛 (Sr-N-TiO2) /纳米羟基磷灰石 (n-HA) 复合树脂， 并对其基础性能、抗菌性能、再矿化能力和生物安全性进行评价，阐 明 新 型 复 合 树 脂 的 抗 菌 机 制。 方法：Sr-N-TiO2 与 n-HA 组合作为增强填料，制备复合树脂，分为不含增强填料的对照组和 3 个实验 组，根据实验组新型复合树脂中增强填料质量分数不同又分为 2. 5% 增强填料组、5. 0% 增强填料组 和 7. 5% 增强填料组。采用傅里叶红外吸收光谱分别检测光固化 60 s 前后各组复合树脂的红外光谱， 计算复合树脂双键转化率。使用直径 4 mm、高 10 mm 的模具制备各组复合树脂试件，计算光照 20 s 后各组复合树脂试件固化深度。每组制备 3 个复合树脂试件，将各组试件与稀释的变异链球菌液共培 养，通过平板菌落计数法检测各组试件表面黏附细菌菌落数 并 计 算 抗 菌 率 ， 采 用 活 /死 细 菌 染 色法 观察各组复合树脂试件表面活/死细菌比例及形态表现。将各组复合树脂试件于人工唾液中浸泡 1、3、 5 和 7 d，采用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 观察各组试件表面再矿化情况。小鼠纤维细胞 (L-929 细胞) 接种于各组复合树脂浸提液中，采用 CCK-8 法分别于 1、2 和 3 d 时检测各组细胞相对增殖率 (RGR)， 进行细胞毒性等级评价。结果：随着复合树脂中增强填料比例的增加，新型复合树脂双键转化率和固 化深度呈降低趋势，但均达到临床使用标准。与对照组比较，2. 5% 和 5. 0% 增强填料组新型复合树 脂双键转化率差异无统计学意义 (P>0. 05)，7. 5% 增强填料组新型复合树脂双键转化率明显降低 (P<0. 05)。与对照组比较，各实验组新型复合树脂固化深度明显降低 (P<0. 05 或 P<0. 01)，表面 黏附细菌菌落计数明显减少 (P<0. 01)。当增强填料比例达到 5. 0% 时，新型复合树脂抗菌率大于 90%。与对照组比较，各实验组新型复合树脂试件表面活细菌数随增强填料比例升高逐渐减少。SEM 观察，各实验组新型复合树脂试件表面可见矿化结节，并随时间延长和增强填料比例升高而增多，处 理 7 d 后，5. 0% 和 7. 5% 增强填料组新型复合树脂试件表面几乎被矿化结节完全覆盖。生物安全性实 验，各组细胞 RGR 均大于 75%，细胞毒性等级均≤1 级。结论：改性后的新型复合树脂符合临床标 准，并具有抗菌性能和再矿化能力，同时生物安全性较高。 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Tian, Di, Liu, Yiyuan, Zhang, Yueyue, Liu, Yunfei, Xia, Yang, Xu, Boying, Xu, Jian, Yomo, Tetsuya

المصدر: Bioengineering (Basel); Jan2024, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p81, 13p

مصطلحات موضوعية: FLUORESCENT proteins, BACTERIA, CELL analysis, BACTERIA morphology, CONFOCAL microscopy

مستخلص: Cell-wall-less (L-form) bacteria exhibit morphological complexity and heterogeneity, complicating quantitative analysis of them under internal and external stimuli. Stable and efficient labeling is needed for the fluorescence-based quantitative cell analysis of L-forms during growth and proliferation. Here, we evaluated the expression of multiple fluorescent proteins (FPs) under different promoters in the Bacillus subtilis L-form strain LR2 using confocal microscopy and imaging flow cytometry. Among others, Pylb-derived NBP3510 showed a superior performance for inducing several FPs including EGFP and mKO2 in both the wild-type and L-form strains. Moreover, NBP3510 was also active in Escherichia coli and its L-form strain NC-7. Employing these established FP-labeled strains, we demonstrated distinct morphologies in the L-form bacteria in a quantitative manner. Given cell-wall-deficient bacteria are considered protocell and synthetic cell models, the generated cell lines in our work could be valuable for L-form-based research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Wang, Jing, Xu, Lilan, Gu, Luping, Lv, Yuanqi, Li, Junhua, Yang, Yanjun, Meng, Xiangren

المصدر: Foods; Nov2023, Vol. 12 Issue 22, p4053, 15p

مصطلحات موضوعية: LACTIC acid bacteria, ORGANIC acids, ALKALINE phosphatase, BACTERIA morphology, MICROBIAL growth

مستخلص: Lactic acid bacteria metabolites can be used as a clean-label strategy for meat products due to their "natural" and antibacterial properties. In this study, the feasibility of using cell-free supernatant of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 90 (LCFS) as a natural antibacterial agent in ground beef was investigated. The sensitivity of LCFS to pH, heat and protease, as well as the changes of enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and Na⁺/K⁺-ATP together with the morphology of indicator bacteria after LCFS treatment, were analyzed to further explore the antibacterial mechanism of LCFS. The results showed that the addition of 0.5% LCFS inhibited the growth of microorganisms in the ground beef gel and extended its shelf-life without affecting the pH, cooking loss, color and texture characteristics of the product. In addition, the antibacterial effect of LCFS was the result of the interaction of organic acids and protein antibacterial substances in destroying cell structures (cell membrane, etc.) to achieve the purpose of bacteriostasis. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of LCFS in meat products and a new clean-label strategy for the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Faccin, Mayane, Wiener, Dominique J., Rech, Raquel R., Santoro, Domenico, Rodrigues Hoffmann, Aline

المصدر: Veterinary Pathology; Nov2023, Vol. 60 Issue 6, p796-811, 16p

مصطلحات موضوعية: BACTERIAL diseases, DOMESTIC animals, PATHOGENIC bacteria, BACTERIA morphology, CONTACT dermatitis

مستخلص: The skin covers the external surface of animals, and it is constantly exposed to and inhabited by different microorganisms, including bacteria. Alterations in the skin barrier allow commensal and/or pathogenic bacteria to proliferate and penetrate deep into the lower layers of the skin. Being the first barrier to the external environment, the skin is prone to injuries, allowing the penetration of microorganisms that may lead to severe deep infections. Companion animals, especially dogs, are prone to bacterial infections, often secondary to allergic dermatitis. When environmental conditions are unfavorable, horses, cattle, sheep, and goats can develop superficial infections, such as those caused by Dermatophilus congolensis. Deep inflammation is commonly caused by Mycobacterium spp., which results in granulomatous to pyogranulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis. Likewise, bacteria such as Nocardia spp. and Actinomyces spp. can cause deep pyogranulomatous inflammation. Bacteria that lead to deep necrotizing lesions (eg, necrotizing fasciitis/flesh-eating bacteria) can be severe and even result in death. This review includes an overview of the most common cutaneous bacterial infections of domestic animals, highlighting the main features and histologic morphology of the bacteria, cutaneous structures involved, and the type of inflammatory infiltrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Long, Xuesha, Zhang, Guanglong, Long, Haitao, Wang, Qin, Wang, Congyu, Zhu, Mei, Wang, Wenhang, Li, Chengpeng, Wang, Zhenchao, Ouyang, Guiping

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Jul2023, Vol. 24 Issue 13, p10900, 13p

مصطلحات موضوعية: RICE diseases & pests, PHYTOPATHOGENIC bacteria, AMINE derivatives, XANTHOMONAS oryzae, BACTERIA morphology, REACTIVE oxygen species

مستخلص: Rice bacterial leaf blight is a destructive bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) that seriously threatens crop yields and their associated economic benefits. In this study, a series of improved dissolubility 7-aliphatic amine tryptanthrin derivatives was designed and synthesized, and their potency in antibacterial applications was investigated. Notably, compound 6e exhibited excellent activity against Xoo, with an EC50 value of 2.55 μg/mL, compared with the positive control bismerthiazol (EC50 = 35.0 μg/mL) and thiodiazole copper (EC50 = 79.4 μg/mL). In vivo assays demonstrated that 6e exhibited a significant protective effect on rice leaves. After exposure, the morphology of the bacteria was partially atrophied by SEM. Furthermore, 6e increased the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, causing cell apoptosis and the formation of bacterial biofilms. All the results indicated that 6e could be a potential agrochemical bactericide for controlling phytopathogenic bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Wang, Qianyi, Guo, Yue, Feng, Shisui, Meng, Mingwei, Huang, Zheng, Qin, Jinghua, Guo, Bingjian, Zhang, Chi, Nong, Yunyuan, Feng, Linlin, Song, Hui, Liang, Yonghong, Su, Zhiheng

المصدر: Letters in Applied Microbiology; Jun2023, Vol. 76 Issue 6, p1-11, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MOLECULAR docking, BIFIDOBACTERIUM, METABOLOMICS, PROLINE metabolism, METHIONINE metabolism, BACTERIA morphology

مستخلص: Bifidobacterium adolescentis is a probiotic. This research aimed to investigate the mechanism of antibiotics led to decrease in the number of B. adolescentis. The metabolomics approach was employed to explore the effects of amoxicillin on metabolism of B.adolescentis , while MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy were applied to analyse changes in viability and morphology of bacteria. Molecular docking was used to illuminate the mechanism by which amoxicillin acts on a complex molecular network. The results showed that increasing the concentration of amoxicillin led to a gradual decrease in the number of live bacteria. Untargeted metabolomics analysis identified 11 metabolites that change as a result of amoxicillin exposure. Many of these metabolites are involved in arginine and proline metabolism, glutathione metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, cysteine, and methionine metabolism, and tyrosine and phenylalanine metabolism. Molecular docking revealed that amoxicillin had a good binding effect on the proteins AGR1, ODC1, GPX1, GSH, MAT2A, and CBS. Overall, this research provides potential targets for screening probiotic regulatory factors and lays a theoretical foundation for the elucidation of its mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Maeda, Tomoya^1,2 tomoya.maeda@chem.agr.hokudai.ac.jp, Kotani, Hazuki¹, Furusawa, Chikara^1,3,4

المصدر: Scientific Reports. 6/24/2021, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p1-9. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CYTOPHAGACEAE, *BACTERIA morphology, *LACTAMS, *DRUG resistance in bacteria, *CELL morphology, *TRANSFERASES

مستخلص: Spirosoma linguale is a gram-negative, coiled bacterium belonging to the family Cytophagaceae. Its coiled morphology is unique in contrast to closely related bacteria belonging to the genus Spirosoma, which have a short, rod-shaped morphology. The mechanisms that generate unique cell morphology are still enigmatic. In this study, using the Spirosoma linguale ATCC33905 strain, we isolated β-lactam (cefoperazone and amoxicillin)-resistant clones. These clones showed two different cell morphological changes: relatively loosely curved cells or small, horseshoe-shaped cells. Whole-genome resequencing analysis revealed the genetic determinants of β-lactam resistance and changes in cell morphology. The loose-curved clones commonly had mutations in Slin_5958 genes encoding glutamyl-tRNA amidotransferase B subunit, whereas the small, horseshoe-shaped clones commonly had mutations in either Slin_5165 or Slin_5509 encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) components. Two clones, CFP1ESL11 and CFL5ESL4, which carried only one mutation in Slin_5958, showed almost perfectly straight, rod-shaped cells in the presence of amoxicillin. This result suggests that penicillin-binding proteins targeted by amoxicillin play an important role in the formation of a coiled morphology in this bacterium. In contrast, supplementation with acetate did not rescue the growth defect and abnormal cell size of the CFP5ESL9 strain, which carried only one mutation in Slin_5509. These results suggest that PDH is involved in cell-size maintenance in this bacterium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

العنوان البديل: Алматы облысының ыстық су көздерінен бөлініп алынған цианобактериялық қауымдастықтың морфологиялық және дақылдық қасиеттерін зерттеу (Kazakh)
Выделение и изучение морфологических и культурных свойств цианобактерального сообщества из горячих источников Алматинской области (Russian)

المؤلفون: Sandybayeva, S. K., Bolatkhan, K., Kakimova, A. B., Toktybay, A. K., Akhmetova, G. A., Salauat, D., Amangeldin, M. S., Zayadan, B. K.

المصدر: Eurasian Journal of Ecology; 2023, Vol. 75 Issue 2, p112-125, 14p

مصطلحات موضوعية: CYANOBACTERIA ecology, HOT springs, THERMOPHILIC bacteria, BACTERIA morphology, SYNECHOCYSTIS

مصطلحات جغرافية: ALMA-Ata (Kazakhstan)

الملخص (بالإنجليزية): The diversity of cyanobacteria from four hot springs in the Chundzha settlement, located in the Almaty region, was studied to determine the species composition and isolate axenic cultures of thermophilic cyanobacteria. The objective was to investigate the diversity, morphological and cultural properties of thermophilic cyanobacteria from the Chundzha hot springs, and to establish axenic cultures for potential utilization in biotechnology, as these organisms are scientifically interesting and valuable as a source of thermostable biomolecules. As a result of the study, eight axenic cyanobacteria cultures were isolated and identified as Oscillatoria subbrevis, Phormidium ambiguum, Nostoc commune, Synechococcus elongatus, Synechocystis sp., Tolypothrix tenuis, Anabaena cylindrica and Spirulina fusiformis. Optimal cultivation conditions were also determined: the isolated cyanobacteria cultures exhibited high growth rates when cultivated in BG-11, Zarruk, and Gromov nutrient media at an optimal temperature of 28-36°C, pH 7, and a light intensity of 50 μmol photons m-2s-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (Russian): Разнообразие цианобактерий из четырех источников горячей воды населенного пункта Чун- джа, расположенного в Алматинской области, было изучено для определения видового состава и выделения аксеничных культур термофильных цианобактерий. Целью настоящего исследова- ния было изучение разнообразия, морфологические и культуральные свойствами термофильных цианобактерий горячих источников Чунджи и введение их в аксеновые культуры для возмож- ного использования в промышленной биотехнологии, поскольку эти организмы интересны с на- учной точки зрения и ценны как источник термостабильных биомолекул. В результате исследо- вания были выделены 8 аксеничных кyльтyр цианобактерий и были определены как Oscillatoria subbrevis, Phormidium ambiguum, Nostoc commune, Synechococcus elongatus, Synechocystis sp., Tolypothrix tenuis, Anabaena cylindrica и Spirulina fusiformis. Также были установлены оптималь- ные условия культивирования: высокий рост выделенных культур цианобактерий наблюдался при выращивании в питательных средах BG-11, Заррука и Громова с оптимальной температурой 28-36°С при рН 7 и интенсивности света 50 мкмоль м-2 с-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Ecology is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)