المؤلفون: Meghan B. Still, Dana Tedesco, Christina Hawkins, Holly Putnam

المصدر: Parasites & Vectors, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis, Arsenical adulticide treatment, Melarsomine, Accessible veterinary care, Retention rate, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216

الوصف: Abstract Background Models that provide high-quality veterinary care for more affordable prices are emerging, but not well documented outside of wellness and preventative care. Effective treatment guidelines for heartworm disease have been developed by the American Heartworm Society; however, not all owners are able to access treatment due to the high costs associated with sick and emergency care services. Methods To increase access to high-quality adulticidal treatment of canine heartworm disease, we developed and implemented a technician-leveraged heartworm treatment protocol for high-volume, outpatient community clinic settings based on the American Heartworm Society guidelines. Modifications were few and included limited pre-treatment blood work, pre-injection sedation, post-injection pain medication, and a reduced exercise restriction period. We monitored retention rates for 556 dogs throughout treatment, evaluated treatment success (defined as no antigen detection 9 months post treatment) for patients that returned for post-treatment antigen testing, and reported on adverse reactions and therapy adherence throughout treatment. Results Of the patients that began adulticide therapy, 539/556 (97%) successfully completed the three-injection series. No microfilariae were detected in 99% (428/433) of those who returned for post-injection microfilaria testing. Among those that returned for or reported the results of post-injection antigen testing, no antigen was detected for 99% (245/248) and no microfilariae were detected for 99.5% (200/201). During the course of treatment, 483/539 (90%) of patients experienced at least one adverse reaction, with the most frequently reported types being behavioral and injection site reactions. 25/539 (4.6%) of owners sought additional medical care for adverse reactions at some point during the treatment course. The overall mortality rate was 1.3% (7/556). Conclusions This study represents the first evaluation of a heartworm treatment protocol optimized for implementation in a high-volume, outpatient community clinic setting. Our findings align with those previously reported in private practice or tertiary referral centers, illustrating that through the inclusion of pre-treatment blood work, employing short-acting or reversible sedatives, ensuring proper analgesia, minimizing the use of ancillary diagnostics, reducing the duration of in-clinic monitoring while focusing on outpatient care, and maximizing technician involvement, we can deliver effective and safe melarsomine therapy at a more affordable cost to pet owners. Graphical Abstract

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1756-3305Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/61fdab992d5f45fc8d7e51b728134170Test

المؤلفون: Almagro-Gorbea, Martín, Montero Ruiz, Ignacio

المصدر: Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Vol. 50 Núm. 1 (2024) ; Cuadernos de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; Vol. 50 No. 1 (2024) ; 0211-1608 ; 10.15366/cupauam2024.50.1

مصطلحات موضوعية: copper adze, early bronze age hoard, arsenical copper, carpentry, seville, azuela de cobre, cobre arsenical, depósito de azuelas, bronce antiguo, carpintería, sevilla

الوصف: Arsenical copper adze (Cu = 99.0%; As = 0.7%) with a simple trapezoidal shape coming from a hoard of 400 or 500 similar pieces in the land of Seville (Spain). Its metallurgical composition, its chronology in the Early Bronze Age, its parallels in the Near East and the Iberian Peninsula and its function are discussed. This hoard of copper adzes testifies the development of carpentry in the Lower Guadalquivir and probably the beginning of riverside carpentry related to the navigation. ; Se da a conocer una azuela de cobre arsenical (Cu = 99,0 %; As = 0,7 %) de forma trapezoidal simple, procedente de un hallazgo de 400 o 500 piezas semejantes en tierras de Sevilla. Se discute su función, su composición metalúrgica, su cronología del Bronce Antiguo y sus paralelos en el Próximo Oriente y en la península ibérica. Su función como azuela testimonia el desarrollo de la carpintería en el Bajo Guadalquivir y probablemente el inicio de la carpintería de ribera relacionada con la navegación.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: https://revistas.uam.es/cupauam/article/view/19539/17353Test; https://revistas.uam.es/cupauam/article/view/19539Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.15366/cupauam2024.50.1Test
https://revistas.uam.es/cupauam/article/view/19539Test

المؤلفون: Meng-Han Tsai, Ying-Ting Lin

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Biochemistry, Genetics, Biotechnology, Ecology, Cancer, Inorganic Chemistry, Hematology, Infectious Diseases, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified, transition states associated, metabolized intermediate known, including proton transfer, frequency vibration mode, detoxify inorganic arsenic, v , iii , increasing energy barriers, five arsenicals reacting, arsenical toxicity previously, arsenic thiol adhesion, mol ), dma, arsenite, arsenate, energy barriers, arsenic ’, arsenic toxicity, arsenic binding

الوصف: Previously, it was believed that methylation was the body’s primary method to detoxify inorganic arsenic. However, recent research has shown that the metabolized intermediate known as MMA III is more toxic than arsenite and arsenate, contradicting a previous understanding. Another important question arises: is arsenical toxicity truly caused by arsenic binding to proteins through arsenic thiol adhesion? Based on the toxicity order of the experiment, with MMA III being the most toxic, followed by arsenite, arsenate, DMA V , and MMA V , density functional theory (DFT) calculations can provide a straightforward assessment of this issue. Our practice captures all the transition states associated with a specific imaginary-frequency vibration mode, including proton transfer and simultaneous departure of leaving group. We have obtained the energy barriers for five arsenicals reacting with thiol, alcohol, and amine separately. In addition to energetic favorability, the following are the energy barriers for arsenic’s reaction with thiol ranked from low to high: MMA III (25.4 kcal/mol), arsenite (27.7 kcal/mol), arsenate (32.8 kcal/mol), DMA V (36.2 kcal/mol), and MMA V (38.3 kcal/mol). Results show that the toxicity of arsenicals is mainly caused by their reaction with thiol rather than with alcohol or amine, as supported by the trend of decreasing toxicity and increasing energy barriers. Thus, this DFT calculation may confirm the paradigm that arsenic–thiol adhesion is the primary cause of arsenic toxicity in the body.

العلاقة: https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Density_Functional_Theory_Calculation_May_Confirm_Arsenic_Thiol_Adhesion_as_the_Primary_Mechanism_of_Arsenical_Toxicity/25403640Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c09269.s001Test

المؤلفون: Oleh Shpotyuk, Zdenka Lukáčová Bujňáková, Peter Baláž, Andriy Kovalskiy, Małgorzata Sznajder, Jozef Cebulski, Yaroslav Shpotyuk, Pavlo Demchenko, Ihor Syvorotka

المصدر: Materials, Vol 17, Iss 8, p 1726 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: arsenical–magnetite, nanomilling, X-ray powder diffraction, fluorescence, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, QC120-168.85

الوصف: Multifunctional nanocomposites from an equimolar As4S4/Fe3O4 cut section have been successfully fabricated from coarse-grained bulky counterparts, employing two-step mechanochemical processing in a high-energy mill operational in dry- and wet-milling modes (in an aqueous solution of Poloxamer 407 acting as a surfactant). As was inferred from the X-ray diffraction analysis, these surfactant-free and surfactant-capped nanocomposites are β-As4S4-bearing nanocrystalline–amorphous substances supplemented by an iso-compositional amorphous phase (a-AsS), both principal constituents (monoclinic β-As4S4 and cubic Fe3O4) being core–shell structured and enriched after wet milling by contamination products (such as nanocrystalline–amorphous zirconia), suppressing their nanocrystalline behavior. The fluorescence and magnetic properties of these nanocomposites are intricate, being tuned by the sizes of the nanoparticles and their interfaces, dependent on storage after nanocomposite fabrication. A specific core–shell arrangement consisted of inner and outer shell interfaces around quantum-confined nm-sized β-As4S4 crystallites hosting a-AsS, and the capping agent is responsible for the blue-cyan fluorescence in as-fabricated Poloxamer capped nanocomposites peaking at ~417 nm and ~442 nm, while fluorescence quenching in one-year-aged nanocomposites is explained in terms of their destroyed core–shell architectures. The magnetic co-functionalization of these nanocomposites is defined by size-extended heterogeneous shells around homogeneous nanocrystalline Fe3O4 cores, composed by an admixture of amorphous phase (a-AsS), nanocrystalline–amorphous zirconia as products of contamination in the wet-milling mode, and surfactant.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/17/8/1726Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1996-1944Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f66f77ceff0849f283c474a7fee2937bTest

المؤلفون: HE Yi, LIU Lanxia, XUE Liming, XIONG Libei, FANG Yamin

المصدر: Shanghai yufang yixue, Vol 35, Iss 2, Pp 182-186 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: hplc, icp mass spectrometry, arsenical, human being, urine, Medicine

الوصف: ObjectiveTo establish an High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry （HPLC-ICP-MS） method for determination of six arsenic species in human urine，including arseniccholine （AsC）， arsenobetaine （AsB）， arsenite （As3+）， dimethylarsinic acid （DMA5+）， monomethylarsonic acid （MMA5+）， and arsenate （As5+）.MethodsThe pH value of mobile phase and the content of anhydrous ethanol were optimized. Ammonium carbonate （50 mmol·L-1， containing 2% anhydrous ethanol， pH-8.5） mobile phase was selected. Cl- interference was eliminated by He mode. The arsenic species in 10-fold diluted human urine samples were separated by an Hamilton PRP X-100 anionic column. A method for the determination of six arsenic species was established.ResultsSix arsenic species could be separated in 13 minutes. The linear correlation coefficients were above 0.999. The limits of detection were 0.10‒0.20 μg·L-1， and the limits of quantification were 0.30‒0.50 μg·L-1. Precision experiments showed that RSD ranged from 5.96% to 9.07% when adding concentration 0.20 μg·L-1； from 2.48% to 6.38% when adding concentration 2.00 μg·L-1； and from 1.41% to 2.57% when adding concentration 5.00 μg·L-1. Accuracy test showed that the recoveries were 80%‒125%.ConclusionThe established HPLC-ICP-MS method for determination of six arsenic species in human urine is rapid， accurate and sensitive. It can be applied to the determination of arsenic species in human urine.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1004-9231Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/5a39046e40d04d96ab6d6a970d56aad1Test

المؤلفون: Ying Liang, Quanlin An, Huaxin Song, Yigang Tang, Shujun Xiao, Jiale Wu, Ni Yan, Biao Yu, Xin Cao, Min Lu

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biophysics, Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, Biotechnology, Cancer, Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified, similar binding mechanism, potential clinical candidate, potent cellular uptake, poor cellular uptake, frequently mutated protein, acglcas significantly extended, targeting ato trials, targeting arsenical, xenograft tumor, targets pml, sulfur atoms, rationally developed, preclinical studies, oral bioavailability, novel arsenical, normal lines, mutated cancers, miraculous success, mice bearing, mediated pathway, maximally 127

الوصف: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) targets PML/RARα and leads to miraculous success in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia. Notably, ATO also targets p53, the most frequently mutated protein in cancers, through a similar binding mechanism. However, p53-targeting ATO trials are challenging due to the poor cellular uptake and cancer selectivity of ATO. Here, we analyzed the structure–activity relationship of arsenicals and rationally developed a novel arsenical (designated AcGlcAs) by conjugating arsenic to sulfur atoms and tetraacetyl-β-d-thioglucose. AcGlcAs exhibited remarkable cellular uptake through a thiol-mediated pathway (maximally 127-fold higher than ATO), thereby potently targeting PML/RARα and mutant p53. Among the 55 tested cell lines, AcGlcAs preferentially killed cancer lines rather than normal lines. In preclinical studies, AcGlcAs significantly extended the survival of mice bearing a xenograft tumor with p53 mutation while showing high plasma stability and oral bioavailability. Thus, AcGlcAs is a potential clinical candidate for precisely treating numerous p53-mutated cancers.

العلاقة: https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/AcGlcAs_A_Novel_P53-Targeting_Arsenical_with_Potent_Cellular_Uptake_and_Cancer_Cell_Selectivity/24781865Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00104.s001Test
https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/AcGlcAs_A_Novel_P53-Targeting_Arsenical_with_Potent_Cellular_Uptake_and_Cancer_Cell_Selectivity/24781865Test

المؤلفون: Chen, Kunlong, Liu, Siran, Li, Yanxiang, Mei, Jianjun, Shao, Anding, Yue, Lianjian

مصطلحات موضوعية: Bronze age, China, Arsenical copper, Slag, Polymetallic ore

وصف الملف: application/octet-stream

العلاقة: https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/345463Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.92886Test
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/345463Test

المؤلفون: Soares, Rui, Valério, Pedro, Nabais, Mariana, Soares, António M. Monge

المساهمون: Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

مصطلحات موضوعية: Encabamento com duplo arco em ferradura, Entalhes para rebitagem, Cobre arsenical, Liga de ouro natural, Hilt design with a double horseshoe arch, Peripheral notches for riveting, Arsenical copper, Natural gold alloy

الوصف: Nesta comunicação dá-se a conhecer uma espada, atribuível ao Bronze Pleno do Sudoeste, encontrada há vários anos em trabalhos agrícolas próximo da cidade de Serpa. A espada foi encontrada aparentemente descontextualizada, posteriormente limpa de produtos de corrosão e guardada pelo achador que, amavelmente, nos permitiu o seu estudo. A espada teria cerca de 50 cm de comprimento e o seu encabamento era efectuado por três rebites alojados em entalhes, dos quais se conservam dois. As cabeças destes têm a forma de calotes esféricas, encontrando-se cobertas por uma folha de ouro. A composição elementar do metal da lâmina da espada, bem como da folha de ouro que recobre as cabeças dos rebites, foi quantificada fazendo uso de um equipamento portátil de espectrometria de fluorescência de raios X. Foi assim possível determinar que a lâmina foi manufacturada com cobre arsenical, enquanto que a composição da folha de ouro indicia que a mesma corresponde a uma liga natural. Faz-se, por fim, uma comparação da espada do Monte das Oliveiras com os poucos exemplares deste tipo de arma conhecidos no sul ibérico, tomando também em consideração o tipo de encabamento que parece, até agora, uma variante única em espadas e que é relativamente raro em armas de forma similar, designadamente em punhais.

الوصف (مترجم): In this paper, we present a detailed examination of a sword dating from the Southwestern Middle Bronze Age, which was found several years ago during farming activities near the town of Serpa, Portugal. The sword was apparently found out of an archaeological context. The finder of the sword, who kindly allowed us to study it, cleaned the artefact of its corrosion and kept it in good conditions. The sword is about 50 cm long and its handle show two rivets (another one is missing) which are kept housed in notches. The rivets’ heads are spherical caps covered with a golden leaf. The use of a p-EDXRF equipment allowed us to determine and quantify the elemental composition of the blade, as well as of the golden leaf covering the rivet heads. It was thus possible to establish that the blade was manufactured with arsenical copper, while the composition of the golden leaf refers to a natural alloy. Finally, the Monte das Oliveiras sword is compared with several other coeval examples of Southern Iberia weaponry. Its hilt design, namely the three peripheral notches, seems to be of an unique variant in swords, being relatively rare in similarly shaped weapons, such as daggers.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Soares, R. M. G. M., Valério, P., Nabais, M., & Soares, A. M. M. (2020). A Espada do Monte das Oliveiras (Serpa) – uma arma do Bronze Pleno do Sudoeste. In José Morais Arnaud, César Neves, & Andrea Martins (Eds.), Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão (pp. 1055-1064). Lisboa: Associação dos Arqueólogos Portugueses / CITCEM.; 978-972-9451-89-8

الإتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10451/45477Test

المؤلفون: Amani-Christiana Saint, Vasiliki Dritsa, Maria Koui

المصدر: Corrosion and Materials Degradation, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 325-340 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: XRF spectroscopy, FORS, ESEM-EDX, arsenical copper, tin bronze, corrosion, Chemical technology, TP1-1185

الوصف: A multi-analytical non-destructive testing (NDT) methodology was applied to copper-based artifacts originated from various archaeological sites of Greece. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), fiber optics diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (FORS) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray detector (ESEM-EDX) were used for the characterization of the alloys and the corrosion products. The key elements of the artifacts belonging to the Early Bronze Age (2700–2300 BC) were copper and arsenic, while tin bronze was used for the fabrication of the Late Bronze Age (1600–1100 BC) artifacts. The effectiveness of XRF for the determination of the bulk composition was confirmed by comparative study with the previously applied atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) destructive techniques. Significant differences between the artifacts were revealed through the spectral measurement of their surface corrosion products color by FORS. ESEM-EDX provided information on the microstructure, the elemental composition of the corrosion layers and bulk, as well as the distribution of the corrosion products on the surface. Conclusively, the combined NDT methodology could be regarded as a valuable and appropriate tool for the elemental composition of the bulk alloy, thus leading to the classification of their historical period and the corrosion products, contributing significantly to their conservation–restoration.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2624-5558/2/2/17Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2624-5558Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a12f22bfb40e4364b6eb4ba10c24dc53Test

المؤلفون: Meihua Guo, Jian Lv, Xiaotong Chen, Mengliang Wu, Qilei Zhao, Xin Hai

المصدر: Frontiers in Oncology, Vol 12 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: acute promyelocytic leukemia, pregnancy, arsenic trioxide, arsenic species, amniotic fluid, arsenical penetration, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282

الوصف: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is extremely fatal if treatment is delayed. Management of APL in pregnancy is a challenging situation. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is successfully applied to treat APL. ATO can be transformed into different arsenic species [arsenite (AsIII), monomethylated arsenic (MMA, consists of MMAIII and MMAV), dimethylated arsenic (DMA, consists of DMAIII and DMAV), and arsenate (AsV)], which produce different toxic effects. Investigating the maternal and fetal exposure to arsenic species is critical in terms of assessing maternal and fetal outcomes, choice of optimal treatment, and making decisions for attempting to preserve the obstetrical and fetal wellbeing. In this study, maternal blood and amniotic fluid (AF) from APL patients treated with ATO in pregnancy and blood samples of non-pregnant patients were collected. Concentrations of inorganic arsenic (iAs, iAs = AsIII+AsV), MMA, and DMA were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography–hydride generation–atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC–HG–AFS). The difference in arsenic species of plasma between pregnant patients and non-pregnant patients, distribution of arsenic compounds in AF and maternal plasma, and arsenic penetration into AF were explored. The outcomes of pregnant women treated with ATO and their fetus were analyzed. No significant differences in arsenic concentration, percentage, and methylation index [PMI: primary methylation index (MMA/iAs); SMI: secondary methylation index (DMA/MMA)] between pregnant women and non-pregnant women (p > 0.05) were observed. The mean ratios of AF to maternal plasma were as follows: iAs, 2.09; DMA, 1.04; MMA, 0.49; and tAs, 0.98. Abortion rate is higher with the diagnosis at an earlier gestational age, with 0%, 67%, and 100% of pregnancies ending in abortion during the third, second, and first trimester, respectively. The age of the pregnant women, the dose of ATO, and the duration of fetal exposure in utero had no influence on fetal outcomes. All APL women achieved complete remission (CR). Collectively, ATO and its metabolites can easily cross the placenta. Levels and distribution of arsenic species in maternal plasma and AF gave evidence that arsenic species had a different ability to penetrate the placenta into AF (iAs > DMA > MMA) and indicated a relatively high fetal exposure to ATO and its metabolites in utero. Gestational age at diagnosis was more likely to be closely related to fetal outcomes, but had no effects on mother outcomes.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2022.887026/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2234-943XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/be81ebcf5b4544f5b99674f45c44f7f7Test