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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Temitope Ojo, Christina Ruan, Tania Hameed, Carly Malburg, Sukruthi Thunga, Jaimie Smith, Dorice Vieira, Anya Snyder, Siphra Jane Tampubolon, Joyce Gyamfi, Nessa Ryan, Sahnah Lim, Michele Santacatterina, Emmanuel Peprah
المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 19; Issue 3; Pages: 1101
مصطلحات موضوعية: food insecurity, HIV/AIDs, tuberculosis, syndemics, Africa
جغرافية الموضوع: agris
الوصف: The double burden of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis (TB), coupled with endemic and problematic food insecurity in Africa, can interact to negatively impact health outcomes, creating a syndemic. For people living with HIV/AIDS (PWH), food insecurity is a significant risk factor for acquiring TB due to the strong nutritional influences and co-occurring contextual barriers. We aim to synthesize evidence on the syndemic relationship between HIV/AIDS and TB co-infection and food insecurity in Africa. We conducted a scoping review of studies in Africa that included co-infected adults and children, with evidence of food insecurity, characterized by insufficient to lack of access to macronutrients. We sourced information from major public health databases. Qualitative, narrative analysis was used to synthesize the data. Of 1072 articles screened, 18 articles discussed the syndemic effect of HIV/AIDS and TB co-infection and food insecurity. Reporting of food insecurity was inconsistent, however, five studies estimated it using a validated scale. Food insecure co-infected adults had an average BMI of 16.5–18.5 kg/m2. Negative outcomes include death (n = 6 studies), depression (n = 1 study), treatment non-adherence, weight loss, wasting, opportunistic infections, TB-related lung diseases, lethargy. Food insecurity was a precursor to co-infection, especially with the onset/increased incidence of TB in PWH. Economic, social, and facility-level factors influenced the negative impact of food insecurity on the health of co-infected individuals. Nutritional support, economic relief, and psychosocial support minimized the harmful effects of food insecurity in HIV–TB populations. Interventions that tackle one or more components of a syndemic interaction can have beneficial effects on health outcomes and experiences of PWH with TB in Africa.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
العلاقة: Health Economics; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031101Test
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Emmanuel Peprah, Elisabet Caler, Anya Snyder, Fassil Ketema
المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; Volume 17; Issue 13; Pages: 4704
مصطلحات موضوعية: HIV, Syndemics, non-communicable diseases, public health, communicable diseases, cardiovascular disease, lung diseases, low and middle-income countries, sleep disorder, health disparity, comorbidity
جغرافية الموضوع: agris
الوصف: The HIV epidemic has dramatically changed over the past 30 years; there are now fewer newly infected people (especially children), fewer AIDS-related deaths, and more people with HIV (PWH) receiving treatment. However, the HIV epidemic is far from over. Despite the tremendous advances in anti-retroviral therapies (ART) and the implementation of ART regimens, HIV incidence (number of new infections over a defined period of time) and prevalence (the burden of HIV infection) in certain regions of the world and socio-economic groups are still on the rise. HIV continues to disproportionally affect highly marginalized populations that constitute higher-risk and stigmatized groups, underserved and/or neglected populations. In addition, it is not uncommon for PWH to suffer enhanced debilitating conditions resulting from the synergistic interactions of both communicable diseases (CDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). While research utilizing only a comorbidities framework has advanced our understanding of the biological settings of the co-occurring conditions from a molecular and mechanistic view, harmful interactions between comorbidities are often overlooked, particularly under adverse socio-economical and behavioral circumstances, likely prompting disease clustering in PWH. Synergistic epidemics (syndemics) research aims to capture these understudied interactions: the mainly non-biological aspects that are central to interpret disease clustering in the comorbidities/multi-morbidities only framework. Connecting population-level clustering of social and health problems through syndemic interventions has proved to be a critical knowledge gap that will need to be addressed in order to improve prevention and care strategies and bring us a step closer to ending the HIV epidemic.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
العلاقة: Health Economics; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134704Test
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المؤلفون: Anya Snyder, Godwin O Akaba, Chioma Ogechi Egekeze, Dena Goffman, Dorice Vieira, Evan M. Bloch, Emmanuel Peprah, Magdalena Lyimo, Nessa Ryan, Brenda S. D'Mello, Obiageli E Nnodu
المصدر: Health Policy and Planning. 35:1208-1227
مصطلحات موضوعية: Quality management, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, Developing country, Stakeholder engagement, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Pregnancy, Intervention (counseling), Preventive Health Services, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Developing Countries, Poverty, media_common, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Health Policy, Postpartum Hemorrhage, Service (economics), Scale (social sciences), Africa, Female, Implementation research, business
الوصف: Globally, obstetric haemorrhage (OH) remains the leading cause of maternal mortality. Much of the associated mortality is ascribed to challenges surrounding deployment of innovations rather than lack of availability. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where the burden is highest, there is a growing interest in implementation research as a means to bridge the ‘know–do’ gap between proven interventions and their reliable implementation at scale. In this systematic review, we identified and synthesized qualitative and quantitative data across the implementation outcomes of OH prevention innovations in LMICs using a taxonomy developed by Proctor et al. We also identified service outcomes for the included innovations, as well as implementation strategies and implementation facilitators and barriers. Eligible studies were empirical, focused on the implementation of OH prevention programmes or policies and occurred in an LMIC. Eight databases were searched. Two authors independently assessed studies for selection and extracted data; the first author resolved discrepancies. Narrative synthesis was used to analyse and interpret the findings. Studies were predominantly focused in Africa and on primary prevention. Interventions included prophylactic use of uterotonics (n = 7), clinical provider skills training (n = 4) and provision of clinical guidelines (n = 1); some (n = 3) were also part of a multi-component quality improvement bundle. Various barriers were reported, including challenges among intervention beneficiaries, providers and within the health system; however, studies reported the development and testing of practical implementation solutions. These included training and monitoring of implementers, community and stakeholder engagement and guidance by external mentors. Some studies linked successful delivery to implementation outcomes, most commonly adoption and acceptability, but also feasibility, penetration and sustainability. Findings suggest that innovations to prevent OH can be acceptable, appropriate and feasible in LMIC settings; however, more research is needed to better evaluate these and other under-reported implementation outcomes.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c9fffd7b9fcda8ef58f41ea04a985f21Test
https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa074Test -
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المؤلفون: Mari Armstrong-Hough, Conrad Iyegbe, Joyce Gyamfi, Andre Pascal Kengne, Stephanie H. Cook, Anya Snyder, Temitope Ojo, Emmanuel Peprah, Nessa Ryan, Juliet Iwelunmor, Linda Chang, Paul F. O'Reilly, Jacquelyn Y. Taylor, Oliver Ezechi, Huichun Xu, Barbara Mukasa
المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 3111, p 3111 (2021)
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Healthمصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Population, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, Context (language use), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, tobacco, smoking, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Syndemic, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cardiovascular disease, Environmental health, Tobacco Smoking, medicine, Humans, syndemics, 030212 general & internal medicine, low- and middle-income countries, education, Cardiopulmonary disease, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Public health, Mortality rate, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Africa, Commentary, HIV/AIDS, business, Cohort study
الوصف: Background: African countries have the highest number of people living with HIV (PWH). The continent is home to 12% of the global population, but accounts for 71% of PWH globally. Antiretroviral therapy has played an important role in the reduction of the morbidity and mortality rates for HIV, which necessitates increased surveillance of the threats from pernicious risks to which PWH who live longer remain exposed. This includes cardiopulmonary comorbidities, which pose significant public health and economic challenges. A significant contributor to the cardiopulmonary comorbidities is tobacco smoking. Indeed, globally, PWH have a 2–4-fold higher utilization of tobacco compared to the general population, leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis that result in cardiopulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease. In the context of PWH, we discuss (1) the current trends in cigarette smoking and (2) the lack of geographically relevant data on the cardiopulmonary conditions associated with smoking; we then review (3) the current evidence on chronic inflammation induced by smoking and the potential pathways for cardiopulmonary disease and (4) the multifactorial nature of the syndemic of smoking, HIV, and cardiopulmonary diseases. This commentary calls for a major, multi-setting cohort study using a syndemics framework to assess cardiopulmonary disease outcomes among PWH who smoke. Conclusion: We call for a parallel program of implementation research to promote the adoption of evidence-based interventions, which could improve health outcomes for PWH with cardiopulmonary diseases and address the health inequities experienced by PWH in African countries.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e4500b7ed9800e1181d96e770fa160feTest
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/6/3111Test -
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المؤلفون: Anya Snyder, Fassil Ketema, Emmanuel Peprah, Elisabet Caler
المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volume 17
Issue 13
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 4704, p 4704 (2020)مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Psychological intervention, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, communicable diseases, Comorbidity, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Health problems, 0302 clinical medicine, Syndemic, cardiovascular disease, Environmental health, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Epidemics, Cluster analysis, skin and connective tissue diseases, sleep disorder, lung diseases, business.industry, Public health, lcsh:R, public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, HIV, virus diseases, Syndemics, medicine.disease, non-communicable diseases, sense organs, business, health disparity, low and middle-income countries
الوصف: The HIV epidemic has dramatically changed over the past 30 years
there are now fewer newly infected people (especially children), fewer AIDS-related deaths, and more people with HIV (PWH) receiving treatment. However, the HIV epidemic is far from over. Despite the tremendous advances in anti-retroviral therapies (ART) and the implementation of ART regimens, HIV incidence (number of new infections over a defined period of time) and prevalence (the burden of HIV infection) in certain regions of the world and socio-economic groups are still on the rise. HIV continues to disproportionally affect highly marginalized populations that constitute higher-risk and stigmatized groups, underserved and/or neglected populations. In addition, it is not uncommon for PWH to suffer enhanced debilitating conditions resulting from the synergistic interactions of both communicable diseases (CDs) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). While research utilizing only a comorbidities framework has advanced our understanding of the biological settings of the co-occurring conditions from a molecular and mechanistic view, harmful interactions between comorbidities are often overlooked, particularly under adverse socio-economical and behavioral circumstances, likely prompting disease clustering in PWH. Synergistic epidemics (syndemics) research aims to capture these understudied interactions: the mainly non-biological aspects that are central to interpret disease clustering in the comorbidities/multi-morbidities only framework. Connecting population-level clustering of social and health problems through syndemic interventions has proved to be a critical knowledge gap that will need to be addressed in order to improve prevention and care strategies and bring us a step closer to ending the HIV epidemic.وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::92551fcefb0852e4a6bbf78ba368ce5eTest