يعرض 1 - 10 نتائج من 404 نتيجة بحث عن '"Antiretrovirus agent"', وقت الاستعلام: 0.96s تنقيح النتائج
  1. 1
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: PLoS Pathogens, 20(2)

    الوصف: People with HIV-1 (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) can maintain undetectable virus levels, but a small pool of infected cells persists. This pool is largely comprised of defective proviruses that may produce HIV-1 proteins but are incapable of making infectious virus, with only a fraction (~10%) of these cells harboring intact viral genomes, some of which produce infectious virus following ex vivo stimulation (i.e. inducible intact proviruses). A majority of the inducible proviruses that persist on ART are formed near the time of therapy initiation. Here we compared proviral DNA (assessed here as 3’ half genomes amplified from total cellular DNA) and inducible replication competent viruses in the pool of infected cells that persists during ART to determine if the original infection of these cells occurred at comparable times prior to therapy initiation. Overall, the average percent of proviruses that formed late (i.e. around the time of ART initiation, 60%) did not differ from the average percent of replication competent inducible viruses that formed late (69%), and this was also true for proviral DNA that was hypermutated (57%). Further, there was no evidence that entry into the long-lived infected cell pool was impeded by the ability to use the CXCR4 coreceptor, nor was the formation of long-lived infected cells enhanced during primary infection, when viral loads are exceptionally high. We observed that infection of cells that transitioned to be long-lived was enhanced among people with a lower nadir CD4+ T cell count. Together these data suggest that the timing of infection of cells that become long-lived is impacted more by biological processes associated with immunodeficiency before ART than the replication competency and/ or cellular tropism of the infecting virus or the intactness of the provirus. Further research is needed to determine the mechanistic link between immunodeficiency and the timing of infected cells transitioning to the long-lived pool, particularly whether this is due to differences ...

  2. 2
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal.

    الوصف: Self-medication impacts both negatively and positively the health of people, which has become evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of self-medicated drugs used for respiratory symptoms, as COVID-19 preventive, for its symptoms or once tested positive. To determine the perception of symptom relief and demographic variables that promote self-medication in Peru. We performed a cross-sectional, analytical, multicenter study in 3792 study respondents on the use, the reason for use, and perception of relief after the use of six drugs during the quarantine period. An online questionnaire was developed, pretested and submitted to the general public. Multivariable logistic regression was used to ascertain factors that influence an individual's desire to self-medicate, associations were considered significant at p < 0.05 and using region (coast, mountain and jungle) as cluster group. The majority of respondents self-medicated with acetaminophen for respiratory symptoms and mainly because they had a cold or flu. It was observed that all the surveyed drugs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, azithromycin, penicillin, antiretrovirals and hydroxychloroquine) were consumed for various symptoms including: fever, fatigue, cough, sneezing, muscle pain, nasal congestion, sore throat, headache and breathing difficulty. Over 90% of respondents perceived relief of at least one symptom. Multivariable logistic regression showed that older people have a higher frequency of antiretroviral self-medication, respondents who currently have a job had a higher frequency of penicillin self-medication, and that respondents from the Andes consumed less acetaminophen, while the ones from the rainforest consumed it more. There were significant percentages of self-medication, including drugs without sufficient scientific evidence. Age, region where one lived and job status were variables associated with self-medication frequency. Continuous awareness and sensitization about the risks of self-medication are warranted.
    Revisión por pares

  3. 3
    دورية أكاديمية

    المساهمون: Kashanchi, Fatah

    الوصف: Effective control of infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), requires continuous and life-long use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) by people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). In the absence of ART, HIV-1 reemergence from latently infected cells is ineffectively suppressed due to suboptimal innate and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. However, ART-free control of HIV-1 infection may be possible if the inherent immunological deficiencies can be reversed or restored. Herein we present a novel approach for modulating the immune response to HIV-1 that involves the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP), which is an ionized gas containing various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). J-Lat cells were used as a model of latent HIV-1 infection to assess the effects of NTP application on viral latency and the expression of pro-phagocytic and pro-chemotactic damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Exposure of J-Lat cells to NTP resulted in stimulation of HIV-1 gene expression, indicating a role in latency reversal, a necessary first step in inducing adaptive immune responses to viral antigens. This was accompanied by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ); the display of pro-phagocytic markers calreticulin (CRT), heat shock proteins (HSP) 70 and 90; and a correlated increase in macrophage phagocytosis of NTP-exposed J-Lat cells. In addition, modulation of surface molecules that promote or inhibit antigen presentation was also observed, along with an altered array of displayed peptides on MHC I, further suggesting methods by which NTP may modify recognition and targeting of cells in latent HIV-1 infection. These studies represent early progress toward an effective NTP-based ex vivo immunotherapy to resolve the dysfunctions of the immune system that enable HIV-1 persistence in PLWH.

    وصف الملف: application/pdf

  4. 4

    المصدر: European Heart Journal. 43(38):3618-3731

    مصطلحات موضوعية: Balloon pulmonary angioplasty, Chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension, Congenital heart disease, Connective tissue disease, Endothelin receptor antagonists, Guidelines, Left heart disease, Lung disease, Lung transplantation, Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, Prostacyclin analogues, Prostacyclin receptor agonists, Pulmonary arterial hypertension, Pulmonary endarterectomy, Pulmonary hypertension, Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, Endothelin Receptor Antagonists, Humans, Hypertension, Pulmonary, ambrisentan, amlodipine, antiretrovirus agent, beraprost, beta adrenergic receptor blocking agent, bosentan, bosutinib, cyclophosphamide, dasatinib, diltiazem, dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase inhibitor, diuretic agent, endothelin receptor antagonist, enkephalinase inhibitor, felodipine, guanylate cyclase activator, iloprost, interferon, ivabradine, macitentan, methamphetamine, mitomycin, nifedipine, phosphodiesterase V inhibitor, Pneumococcus vaccine, ponatinib, prostacyclin, prostacyclin derivative, riociguat, SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, selexipag, sildenafil, sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, tadalafil, treprostinil, abdominal radiography, altitude, angioplasty, anticoagulant therapy, aortic stenosis, aortopulmonary shunt, arterial gas, assisted circulation, biochemical analysis, birth control, blood analysis, BMPR2 gene, cardiopulmonary exercise test, cardiovascular magnetic resonance, chronic kidney failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, clinical decision making, comorbidity, congenital heart disease, connective tissue disease, contraceptive behavior, coronavirus disease 2019, denervation, digital subtraction angiography, disease association, disease classification, disease control, disease course, disease severity, drug approval, drug design, drug potentiation, drug safety, dynamic contrast enhanced computed tomography, early diagnosis, echocardiography, echography, electrocardiogram, Europe, evidence based practice, exercise, fluid challenge test, follow up, gene, genetic counseling, genetic screening, GRADE approach, health care facility, health care management, health care personnel, heart arrhythmia, heart catheterization, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, heart left ventricle hypertrophy, heart lung transplantation, heart right ventricle failure, hematologic disease, hemoptysis, human, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, hypoxia, immunology, intensive care unit, interstitial lung disease, iron deficiency anemia, liver transplantation, lung artery pressure, lung embolism, lung emphysema, lung function test, lung hemodynamics, lung transplantation, mediastinitis, metabolic disorder, microangiopathy, mitral valve disease, mortality risk, noninvasive ventilation, oxygen therapy, pathophysiology, patient compliance, patient empowerment, patient-reported outcome, phase 3 clinical trial (topic), physical activity, pneumococcal infection, portal hypertension, practice guideline, pregnancy, prognosis, psychosocial care, pulmonary artery denervation, pulmonary artery occlusion, pulmonary endarterectomy, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary tumour thrombotic microangiopathy, rehabilitation care, Review, risk assessment, risk factor, schistosomiasis, surgical technique, systemic disease, systemic sclerosis, telemonitoring, terminal care, thorax radiography, thrombotic microangiopathy, travel, tricuspid valve regurgitation, vaccination, vasoreactivity test, ventilation-perfusion scan, Medicin och hälsovetenskap, Klinisk medicin, Kardiologi, Medical and Health Sciences, Clinical Medicine, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems

  5. 5
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: PLoS Pathogens, 19

    الوصف: Lifelong treatment is required for people living with HIV as current antiretroviral therapy (ART) does not eradicate HIV infection. Latently infected cells are essentially indistinguishable from uninfected cells and cannot be depleted by currently available approaches. This study evaluated antibody mediated transient CD4+ T cell depletion as a strategy to reduce the latent HIV reservoir. Anti-CD4 antibodies effectively depleted CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood and tissues of humanized mice. We then demonstrate that antibody-mediated CD4+ T cell depletion of HIV infected ART-suppressed animals results in substantial reductions in cell-associated viral RNA and DNA levels in peripheral blood cells over the course of anti-CD4 antibody treatment. Recovery of CD4+ T cells was observed in all tissues analyzed except for the lung 26 days after cessation of antibody treatment. After CD4+ T cell recovery, significantly lower levels of cell-associated viral RNA and DNA were detected in the tissues of anti-CD4 antibody-treated animals. Further, an 8.5-fold reduction in the levels of intact HIV proviral DNA and a 3.1-fold reduction in the number of latently infected cells were observed in anti-CD4-antibody-treated animals compared with controls. However, there was no delay in viral rebound when ART was discontinued in anti-CD4 antibody-treated animals following CD4+ T cell recovery compared with controls. Our results suggest that transient CD4+ T cell depletion, a long-standing clinical intervention that might have an acceptable safety profile, during suppressive ART can reduce the size of the HIV reservoir in humanized mice.

  6. 6
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: instname:Universidad del Rosario

    الوصف: Background: To assess patients’ preferences for HIV testing in Colombia. Methods: A discrete choice experiment was used to assess preferences of patients diagnosed with HIV, for HIV testing in two HIV clinics in Bogotá, Colombia. Patients were asked to choose repeatedly between two hypothetical HIV testing options that varied with respect to five attributes: distance to testing site, confidentiality, testing days, sample collection method, and the services if HIV positive. A random parameter model was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 249 questionnaires were eligible for data analysis. Respondents showed a preference for testing on weekdays, nobody being aware, a sample taken from the arm, and receiving medications through a referral. The respondents showed a high negative preference for many people being aware, followed by testing during the weekend and home testing. Subgroup analyses by gender and prior testing history did not reveal significant differences. Conclusion: This study suggests that patients’ preferences for HIV testing focused especially on confidentiality, availability during weekdays, and using a sample from the arm. This information could be useful to improve uptake of HIV testing in Bogotá, Colombia. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor and Francis Group.

    وصف الملف: application/pdf

  7. 7
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: instname:Universidad del Rosario

    الوصف: Background: Making a definite diagnosis of infectious uveitis is a challenging task because many other infectious, and non-infectious uveitis, may have similar non-specific symptoms and overlapping clinical appearances. Co-infections in immunocompetent patients are not frequently proved with traditional serologic-diagnostic tools. Methods: Descriptive transversal study, in a Uveitis Service of an Ophthalmology Reference Center, in Bogotá, Colombia, from July 2014 to February 2016. Aqueous humor (AH) and/or vitreous fluid, blood and serum samples were collected from consecutive patients suspected of having infectious uveitis. The diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) was confirmed by the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient (GWC) and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Differential diagnosis by PCR in AH was done for viral origin such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1), Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Results: In 66 Colombian patients with uveitis of presumed infectious origin: 22 (33.3%) were confirmed as OT, 16 (24.2%) as undetermined OT, five (7.5%) as co-infections and 23 (34.8%) as other uveitis. Toxoplasma coinfection with M. tuberculosis was identified in one case by PCR and in four cases with HSV by GWC. The initial clinical diagnosis changed, after laboratory examination, in 21 cases (31.8%). Conclusions: Clinical diagnosis can be changed by laboratory examination in a significant proportion of cases of uveitis. Diagnosis of OT should combine the use of PCR and GWC to reach the maximum of confirmation of cases. The use of multiple laboratory methods is necessary to identify co-infections and viral infections that can mimic OT in immunocompetent patients. © 2019 The Author(s).

    وصف الملف: application/pdf

  8. 8
    دورية أكاديمية

    المساهمون: PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE

    المصدر: Unpaywall 20201031

    الوصف: 10.1186/s12954-019-0277-7 ; Harm Reduction Journal ; 16 ; 1 ; 6

    العلاقة: Than, P.Q.T, Tran, B.X, Nguyen, C.T, Truong, N.T, Thai, T.P.T, Latkin, C.A, Ho, C.S.H, Ho, R.C.M (2019). Stigma against patients with HIV/AIDS in the rapid expansion of antiretroviral treatment in large drug injection-driven HIV epidemics of Vietnam 11 Medical and Health Sciences 1117 Public Health and Health Services. Harm Reduction Journal 16 (1) : 6. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-019-0277-7Test; https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/181166Test

  9. 9
    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: instname:Universidad del Rosario

    الوصف: Aim: To elicit patients’ preferences for HIV/AIDS treatment characteristics in Colombia. Materials and methods: A best–worst scaling case was used to provide a ranking of 26 HIV/AIDS treatment characteristics that were similar to a previous study conducted in Germany. In each choice task, participants were asked to choose the most important and the least important treatment characteristics from a set of five from the master list. Using the Hierarchical Bayes method, relative importance scores were calculated. Sub-group analyses were conducted according to sex, education, source of infection, symptoms, and age. Results: A total of 195 patients fully completed the questionnaire. The three most important characteristics were “drug has very high efficacy” (relative importance score [RIS] = 10.1), “maximum prolongation of life expectancy” (RIS = 9.7), and “long duration of efficacy” (RIS = 7.4). Sub-group analysis showed only three significant (but minor) differences between older and younger people. Conclusion: This study suggests that treatment characteristics regarding efficacy and prolongation of life are particularly important for patients in Colombia. Further investigation on how patients make trade-offs between these important characteristics and incorporating this information in clinical and policy decision-making would be needed to improve adherence with HIV/AIDS medication. © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor and Francis Group.

    وصف الملف: application/pdf

  10. 10
    دورية أكاديمية

    المساهمون: PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE

    المصدر: Unpaywall 20201031

    الوصف: 10.3390/ijerph15122888 ; International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ; 15 ; 12 ; 2888

    العلاقة: Tran, B.X, Dang, A.K, Truong, N.T, Ha, G.H, Nguyen, H.L.T, Do, H.N, Nguyen, T.Q, Latkin, C.A, Ho, C.S.H, Ho, R.C.M (2018). Depression and quality of life among patients living with HIV/AIDS in the era of universal treatment access in Vietnam. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15 (12) : 2888. ScholarBank@NUS Repository. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122888Test; https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/183823Test