المؤلفون: Anna J Finley, David Tang, Brandon J Schmeichel

المصدر: PLoS ONE, Vol 10, Iss 9, p e0138922 (2015)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Science

الوصف: Prior research has found that persons who favor more analytic modes of thought are less religious. We propose that individual differences in analytic thought are associated with reduced religious beliefs particularly when analytic thought is measured (hence, primed) first. The current study provides a direct replication of prior evidence that individual differences in analytic thinking are negatively related to religious beliefs when analytic thought is measured before religious beliefs. When religious belief is measured before analytic thinking, however, the negative relationship is reduced to non-significance, suggesting that the link between analytic thought and religious belief is more tenuous than previously reported. The current study suggests that whereas inducing analytic processing may reduce religious belief, more analytic thinkers are not necessarily less religious. The potential for measurement order to inflate the inverse correlation between analytic thinking and religious beliefs deserves additional consideration.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ad98a16528324f8cb21a026f7d9e5b64Test

المؤلفون: Ajay Kumar Nair, Nagesh Adluru, Anna J. Finley, Lauren K. Gresham, Sarah E. Skinner, Andrew L. Alexander, Richard J. Davidson, Carol D. Ryff, Stacey M. Schaefer

المصدر: Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol 15 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: purpose in life, aging, diffusion weighted imaging, microstructure, white matter, hippocampus, Psychiatry, RC435-571

الوصف: IntroductionA greater sense of purpose in life is associated with several health benefits relevant for active aging, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We evaluated if purpose in life was associated with indices of brain health.MethodsWe examined data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Neuroscience Project. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging data (n=138; mean age 65.2 years, age range 48-95; 80 females; 37 black, indigenous, and people of color) were used to estimate microstructural indices of brain health such as axonal density, and axonal orientation. The seven-item purpose in life scale was used. Permutation analysis of linear models was used to examine associations between purpose in life scores and the diffusion metrics in white matter and in the bilateral hippocampus, adjusting for age, sex, education, and race.Results and discussionGreater sense of purpose in life was associated with brain microstructural features consistent with better brain health. Positive associations were found in both white matter and the right hippocampus, where multiple convergent associations were detected. The hippocampus is a brain structure involved in learning and memory that is vulnerable to stress but retains the capacity to grow and adapt through old age. Our findings suggest pathways through which an enhanced sense of purpose in life may contribute to better brain health and promote healthy aging. Since purpose in life is known to decline with age, interventions and policy changes that facilitate a greater sense of purpose may extend and improve the brain health of individuals and thus improve public health.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1355998/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-0640Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/fad4bf17a74740e1866d9d76eedf3b6eTest

المؤلفون: Heather C. Abercrombie, Alexandra L. Barnes, Elizabeth C. Nord, Anna J. Finley, Estelle T. Higgins, Daniel W. Grupe, Melissa A. Rosenkranz, Richard J. Davidson, Stacey M. Schaefer

المصدر: Stress, Vol 26, Iss 1 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: cortisol, glucocorticoids, emotion, negative affect, stress, tsst, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571

الوصف: Greater cortisol reactivity to stress is often assumed to lead to heightened negative affective reactivity to stress. Conversely, a growing body of evidence demonstrates mood-protective effects of cortisol elevations in the context of acute stress. We administered a laboratory-based stressor, the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), and measured cortisol and emotional reactivity in 68 adults (48 women) between the ages of 25 and 65. In accordance with our pre-registered hypothesis (https://osf.io/t8r3wTest) and prior research, negative affective reactivity was inversely related to cortisol reactivity assessed immediately after the stressor. We found that greater cortisol response to acute stress is associated with smaller increases in negative affect, consistent with mood-protective effects of cortisol elevations in response to acute stress.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1025-3890Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1607-8888Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/c0ae152317804d578faa235259812039Test

المؤلفون: Ajay Kumar Nair, Nagesh Adluru, Anna J. Finley, Lauren K. Gresham, Sarah E. Skinner, Andrew L. Alexander, Richard J. Davidson, Carol D. Ryff, Stacey M. Schaefer

مصطلحات موضوعية: Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy), purpose in life, aging, diffusion weighted imaging, microstructure, white matter, hippocampus, MIDUS, resilience

الوصف: Introduction A greater sense of purpose in life is associated with several health benefits relevant for active aging, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We evaluated if purpose in life was associated with indices of brain health. Methods We examined data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Neuroscience Project. Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging data (n=138; mean age 65.2 years, age range 48-95; 80 females; 37 black, indigenous, and people of color) were used to estimate microstructural indices of brain health such as axonal density, and axonal orientation. The seven-item purpose in life scale was used. Permutation analysis of linear models was used to examine associations between purpose in life scores and the diffusion metrics in white matter and in the bilateral hippocampus, adjusting for age, sex, education, and race. Results and discussion Greater sense of purpose in life was associated with brain microstructural features consistent with better brain health. Positive associations were found in both white matter and the right hippocampus, where multiple convergent associations were detected. The hippocampus is a brain structure involved in learning and memory that is vulnerable to stress but retains the capacity to grow and adapt through old age. Our findings suggest pathways through which an enhanced sense of purpose in life may contribute to better brain health and promote healthy aging. Since purpose in life is known to decline with age, interventions and policy changes that facilitate a greater sense of purpose may extend and improve the brain health of individuals and thus improve public health.

العلاقة: https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/DataSheet_1_Purpose_in_life_as_a_resilience_factor_for_brain_health_diffusion_MRI_findings_from_the_Midlife_in_the_U_S_study_docx/25339765Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1355998.s001Test
https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/DataSheet_1_Purpose_in_life_as_a_resilience_factor_for_brain_health_diffusion_MRI_findings_from_the_Midlife_in_the_U_S_study_docx/25339765Test

المؤلفون: Dylan T. Lott, Tenzin Yeshi, N. Norchung, Sonam Dolma, Nyima Tsering, Ngawang Jinpa, Tenzin Woser, Kunsang Dorjee, Tenzin Desel, Dan Fitch, Anna J. Finley, Robin Goldman, Ana Maria Ortiz Bernal, Rachele Ragazzi, Karthik Aroor, John Koger, Andy Francis, David M. Perlman, Joseph Wielgosz, David R. W. Bachhuber, Tsewang Tamdin, Tsetan Dorji Sadutshang, John D. Dunne, Antoine Lutz, Richard J. Davidson

المصدر: Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 11 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: brain death, postmortem, EEG, mismatch negativity, auditory brainstem response, tibetan buddhism, Psychology, BF1-990

الوصف: Recent EEG studies on the early postmortem interval that suggest the persistence of electrophysiological coherence and connectivity in the brain of animals and humans reinforce the need for further investigation of the relationship between the brain’s activity and the dying process. Neuroscience is now in a position to empirically evaluate the extended process of dying and, more specifically, to investigate the possibility of brain activity following the cessation of cardiac and respiratory function. Under the direction of the Center for Healthy Minds at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, research was conducted in India on a postmortem meditative state cultivated by some Tibetan Buddhist practitioners in which decomposition is putatively delayed. For all healthy baseline (HB) and postmortem (PM) subjects presented here, we collected resting state electroencephalographic data, mismatch negativity (MMN), and auditory brainstem response (ABR). In this study, we present HB data to demonstrate the feasibility of a sparse electrode EEG configuration to capture well-defined ERP waveforms from living subjects under very challenging field conditions. While living subjects displayed well-defined MMN and ABR responses, no recognizable EEG waveforms were discernable in any of the tukdam cases.

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.599190/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Test; https://doaj.org/article/7a4c63416f2148e5b754100699fd6a8eTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.599190Test
https://doaj.org/article/7a4c63416f2148e5b754100699fd6a8eTest

المؤلفون: Kelemen T. Lee, Yu Song, Yasmijn van Oldenbeuving, Karine Tonnu, Marco Salvati, Hannah L. Johnson, Quentin Frederik Gronau, Nicholas Sosa, Michael Inzlicht, Jessica L. Alquist, David D. Loschelder, Brandon J. Schmeichel, Dominic Theodore, Dana C. Leighton, Christian E. Waugh, Wilhelm Hofmann, Victoria Forgea, Christine Lam, Julie Eyink, Konstantyn Sharpinskyi, Lea F. Geraedts, Caitlin N. Kelly, Kaitlyn Spillane, Janelle Sherman, Martin S. Hagger, Collier Campbell, Janie H. Wilson, Maximilian Rath, Michelle R. vanDellen, Emily Johnson, Anna J Finley, Lara K. Kammrath, Yasemin Doğruol, Mindi Price, Kareena del Rosario, Mauro Giacomantonio, Jasper J. Hidding, Nick Lee, Ambra Brizi, Aaron L. Wichman, Jan Helge Kaben, Katja M. Pollak, Akira Miyake, Katharina Diel, Sophie Lohmann, Michael D. Baker, Carine Meslot, Chuting Cau, Wendy Berry Mendes, Andreas B. Eder, Natasha E. Garcia-Willingham, Jasmine Walker, Heather M. Maranges, Jacob A. Robertson, Hannah R. Strawser, Anthony D. Hermann, Brian L. Kissell, Robert D. Hutton, Samantha McCarthy, Edward R. Hirt, Astrid Schütz, Marina Milyavskaya, Megan Doi, Mark Muraven, Benjamin Serenka, Jonathan Capaldi, Erin Nakahara, Kate Sweeny, Craig Wheeler, Elana M. Gloger, Blair Saunders, Heather Chambers, Kennedy Mazara, Weston J. Christensen, Rachel A. White, Mia Ersoff, Malte Friese, Nicholas M. Michalak, Eli J. Finkel, Suzanne C. Segerstrom, Julia Stapels, Samuel L. Clay, Grant J. Butschek, Valeria De Cristofaro, John V. Petrocelli, Angelica Bunyi, Julian Wills, Angelica Falkenstein, Mehrad Moeini-Jazani, Rachael Rockwell, Sander L. Koole, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, E. J. Masicampo, Meaghan Shaw, Raiza C. Vergara, Haley J. Ramsey, Tina L. Donaldson, Karolin Gieseler, Bryan Gibson, Anand Krishna, Jennifer L. Howell, Sarah Joyce, Carina M. Gobes, Will M. Gervais, Anne Scherer, Matthew B. Findley, Sarah E. Ainsworth, Dolores Albarracín, Justina Gineikiene, Bradford J. Wiggins, Jessica Curtis, Nicole L. Mead, Paul T. Fuglestad, Kristin N. Schmitt, Yannick Joye, Josh Hodge, Ian McGregor, Bob M. Fennis, Isabella F. Russ, Krishna Patel, Kathleen D. Vohs, Bethany Hartsell, Lily James, Nikos L. D. Chatzisarantis, Feline Weise, Alec J. Stinnett, Maria Grande, Kaitlyn M. Werner

المساهمون: Research Programme Marketing, Experimental Psychology, Social Psychology, Clinical Psychology, APH - Mental Health

المصدر: Vohs, K D, Schmeichel, B J, Lohmann, S, Gronau, Q F, Finley, A J, Ainsworth, S E, Alquist, J L, Baker, M D, Brizi, A, Bunyi, A, Butschek, G J, Campbell, C, Capaldi, J, Cau, C, Chambers, H, Chatzisarantis, N L D, Christensen, W J, Clay, S L, Curtis, J, De Cristofaro, V, del Rosario, K, Diel, K, Doğruol, Y, Doi, M, Donaldson, T L, Eder, A B, Ersoff, M, Eyink, J R, Falkenstein, A, Fennis, B M, Findley, M B, Finkel, E J, Forgea, V, Friese, M, Fuglestad, P, Garcia-Willingham, N E, Geraedts, L F, Gervais, W M, Giacomantonio, M, Gibson, B, Gieseler, K, Gineikiene, J, Gloger, E M, Gobes, C M, Grande, M, Hagger, M S, Hartsell, B, Hermann, A D, Hidding, J J, Hirt, E R, Hodge, J, Hofmann, W, Howell, J L, Hutton, R D, Inzlicht, M, James, L, Johnson, E, Johnson, H L, Joyce, S M, Joye, Y, Kaben, J H, Kammrath, L K, Kelly, C N, Kissell, B L, Koole, S L, Krishna, A, Lam, C, Lee, K T, Lee, N, Leighton, D C, Loschelder, D D, Maranges, H M, Masicampo, E J, Mazara, K, McCarthy, S, McGregor, I, Mead, N L, Mendes, W B, Meslot, C, Michalak, N M, Milyavskaya, M, Miyake, A, Moeini-Jazani, M, Muraven, M, Nakahara, E, Patel, K, Petrocelli, J V, Pollak, K M, Price, M M, Ramsey, H J, Rath, M, Robertson, J A, Rockwell, R, Russ, I F, Salvati, M, Saunders, B, Scherer, A, Schütz, A, Schmitt, K N, Segerstrom, S C, Serenka, B, Sharpinskyi, K, Shaw, M, Sherman, J, Song, Y, Sosa, N, Spillane, K, Stapels, J, Stinnett, A J, Strawser, H R, Sweeny, K, Theodore, D, Tonnu, K, van Oldenbeuving, Y, vanDellen, M R, Vergara, R C, Walker, J S, Waugh, C E, Weise, F, Werner, K M, Wheeler, C, White, R A, Wichman, A L, Wiggins, B J, Wills, J A, Wilson, J H, Wagenmakers, E J & Albarracín, D 2021, ' A Multisite Preregistered Paradigmatic Test of the Ego-Depletion Effect ', Psychological Science, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 1566-1581 . https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797621989733Test
Psychological Science, 32(10), 1566-1581. SAGE Publications Inc.
Psychological Science, 32(10), 1566-1581. Sage Publications

مصطلحات موضوعية: Ego depletion, self-control, väsymys, media_common.quotation_subject, Alternative hypothesis, psykologiset teoriat, Bayesian probability, open data, 050109 social psychology, 050105 experimental psychology, preregistered, Statistics, Replication (statistics), Psychology, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, General Psychology, media_common, Ego, itsehallinta, bayesilainen menetelmä, 05 social sciences, Null (mathematics), Bayes Theorem, Self-control, SDG 10 - Reduced Inequalities, Moderation, open materials, Research Design, psykologiset testit, Trait, registered replication, ego depletion

الوصف: We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project ( k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result ( d = 0.06). Confirmatory Bayesian meta-analyses using an informed-prior hypothesis (δ = 0.30, SD = 0.15) found that the data were 4 times more likely under the null than the alternative hypothesis. Hence, preregistered analyses did not find evidence for a depletion effect. Exploratory analyses on the full sample (i.e., ignoring exclusion criteria) found a statistically significant effect ( d = 0.08); Bayesian analyses showed that the data were about equally likely under the null and informed-prior hypotheses. Exploratory moderator tests suggested that the depletion effect was larger for participants who reported more fatigue but was not moderated by trait self-control, willpower beliefs, or action orientation.

وصف الملف: application/pdf; fulltext

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c53b424cae4fabc9a59cb44e1b370fedTest
https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/e2298ab1-9432-456d-8961-5ed6623d86d6Test

المؤلفون: Kathleen Vohs, Brandon Schmeichel, Sophie Lohmann, Quentin Frederik Gronau, Anna J Finley, Many Others, Eric-Jan Wagenmakers, Dolores Albarracín

المساهمون: Psychologische Methodenleer (Psychologie, FMG)

المصدر: Psychological Science, 32(10), 1566-1581. SAGE Publications Inc.

الوصف: We conducted a preregistered multilaboratory project (k = 36; N = 3,531) to assess the size and robustness of ego-depletion effects using a novel replication method, termed the paradigmatic replication approach. Each laboratory implemented one of two procedures that was intended to manipulate self-control and tested performance on a subsequent measure of self-control. Confirmatory tests found a nonsignificant result (d = 0.06). Confirmatory Bayesian meta-analyses using an informed-prior hypothesis (δ = 0.30, SD = 0.15) found that the data were 4 times more likely under the null than the alternative hypothesis. Hence, preregistered analyses did not find evidence for a depletion effect. Exploratory analyses on the full sample (i.e., ignoring exclusion criteria) found a statistically significant effect (d = 0.08); Bayesian analyses showed that the data were about equally likely under the null and informed-prior hypotheses. Exploratory moderator tests suggested that the depletion effect was larger for participants who reported more fatigue but was not moderated by trait self-control, willpower beliefs, or action orientation.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a2b16da6a60851cf0041aaf3f56cbad3Test
https://hdl.handle.net/11245.1/6800120a-4f24-431f-b252-5d82fba78d1bTest

المؤلفون: Anna J. Finley, Douglas J. Angus, Carien M. van Reekum, Richard J. Davidson, Stacey M. Schaefer

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Adolescent, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Cognitive Neuroscience, General Neuroscience, Rest, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Electroencephalography, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Developmental Neuroscience, Neurology, Humans, Theta Rhythm, Beta Rhythm, Biological Psychiatry, Aged

الوصف: The ratio of fronto-central theta (4-7 Hz) to beta oscillations (13-30 Hz), known as the theta-beta ratio, is negatively correlated with attentional control, reinforcement learning, executive function, and age. Although theta-beta ratios have been found to decrease with age in adolescents and young adults, theta has been found to increase with age in older adults. Moreover, age-related decrease in individual alpha peak frequency and flattening of the 1/f aperiodic component may artifactually inflate the association between theta-beta ratio and age. These factors lead to an incomplete understanding of how theta-beta ratio varies across the lifespan and the extent to which variation is due to a conflation of aperiodic and periodic activity. We conducted a partially preregistered analysis examining the cross-sectional associations between age and resting canonical fronto-central theta-beta ratio, individual alpha peak frequency, and aperiodic component (n = 268; age 36-84, M = 55.8, SD = 11.0). Age was negatively associated with theta-beta ratios, individual peak alpha frequencies, and the aperiodic exponent. The correlation between theta-beta ratios and age remained after controlling for individual peak alpha frequencies, but was nonsignificant when controlling for the aperiodic exponent. Aperiodic exponent fully mediated the relationship between theta-beta ratio and age, although beta remained significantly associated with age after controlling for theta, individual peak alpha, and aperiodic exponent. Results replicate previous observations and show age-related decreases in theta-beta ratios are not due to age-related decrease in individual peak alpha frequencies but primarily explained by flattening of the aperiodic component with age.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::53c14563b4f82008a377c3ef161f01aaTest

المؤلفون: David Tang, Brandon J. Schmeichel, Anna J Finley

المصدر: Social Psychology. 50:322-331

مصطلحات موضوعية: Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 050109 social psychology, Self-control, 050105 experimental psychology, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Exertion, Psychology, Social psychology, General Psychology, Clinical psychology, media_common

الوصف: Abstract. Prior research has suggested that circulating levels of glucose in the bloodstream help to determine success at self-control. However, this idea has been challenged on multiple grounds. The current research added new evidence to the debate by testing (1) the extent to which exercising self-control reduces blood glucose levels, (2) whether consuming glucose, rinsing the mouth with glucose, or consuming aspartame (a sugar substitute) increases blood glucose levels, and (3) the extent to which measured blood glucose levels relate to emotional responding, delay discounting, and cognitive control, respectively. We found no evidence that blood glucose levels influence or are influenced by self-control.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::07ada6a4ec2ce037ba9aa53ed12ec374Test
https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000376Test

المؤلفون: Stacey M. Schaefer, Carien M. van Reekum, Anna J Finley, Douglas J. Angus, Richard J. Davidson

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Alpha (ethology), Beta (finance)

الوصف: The ratio of fronto‐central theta (4–7 Hz) to beta oscillations (13–30 Hz), known as the theta-beta ratio, is negatively correlated with attentional control, reinforcement learning, executive function, and age. Although theta-beta ratios have been found to decrease with age in adolescents and young adults, theta has been found to increase with age in older adults. Moreover, age‐related decreases in individual alpha peak frequency and flattening of the 1/f aperiodic component may artifactually inflate the association between theta-beta ratio and age. These factors lead to an incomplete understanding of how theta-beta ratio varies across the lifespan and the extent to which variation is due to a conflation of aperiodic and periodic activity. We conducted a partially preregistered analysis examining the cross‐sectional associations between age and resting canonical fronto-central theta-beta ratio, individual alpha peak frequency, and aperiodic component (n = 268; age 36–84, M = 55.8, SD = 11.0). Age was negatively associated with theta-beta ratios, individual peak alpha frequencies, and the aperiodic exponent. The correlation between theta-beta ratios and age remained after controlling for individual peak alpha frequencies, but was non-significant when controlling for the aperiodic exponent. Aperiodic exponent fully mediated the relationship between theta-beta ratio and age, although beta remained significantly associated with age after controlling for theta, individual peak alpha, and aperiodic exponent. Results replicate previous observations and show age‐related decreases in theta-beta ratios are not due to age‐related decreases in individual peak alpha frequencies but primarily explained by flattening of the aperiodic component with age.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::04421cb61059cd7534975a39eed2e91cTest
https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/n7sg6Test