-
1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Rinku Rani Das, T. R. Rajalekshmi, Sruthi Pallathuvalappil, Alex James
المصدر: IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 54019-54048 (2024)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Field effect transistor (FET), CMOS, memristors, multiply and accumulate (MAC), 2D materials, FeFET, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
الوصف: This study provides a comprehensive view on neural network systems with implemented with crossbar circuits, and device-level understanding of modern FET technologies in neuromorphic computing. This work categorizes and analyzes various transistor types, including ion-gate, ferroelectric, and floating-gate transistors, shedding light on their unique advantages and applications in neuromorphic computing. In this overview, we explore the fundamental principles, recent advancements, and significant trends in transistor-based neuromorphic devices, providing valuable insights into this innovative field. This work also examines resistive memories and 2D materials, that could revolutionize transistor fabrication for neuromorphic devices. Further, various research challenges, limitations, and potential research directions are discussed.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
-
2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Rinku Rani Das, T. R. Rajalekshmi, Alex James
المصدر: IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 50556-50577 (2024)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Gate-all-around (GAA), multi-bridge channel (MBC), silicon on insulator (SOI), Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
الوصف: This review article presents a journey from Fin-shaped field effect transistor (FinFET) to gate-all-around multi-bridge channel field effect transistor (GAA MBCFET) technology, unraveling the evolution of semiconductor architectures. This article provides a concise yet insightful overview of the development of FinFET, exploring modified architectures, current trends, and associated constraints. The growing importance of other semiconductor materials instead of Si in FinFET or other technologies has been studied in detail. The article explores an emerging technology called ‘GAA MBCFET’, highlighting its advantages over FinFET. It also delves into the notable drawbacks and complex fabrication challenges associated with the upcoming GAA MBCFET technology.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
-
3دورية أكاديمية
المصدر: IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, Vol 5, Pp 81-90 (2024)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Memristor, neural network, optimization, variability, Electronics, TK7800-8360, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, T55.4-60.8
الوصف: The hardware implementation of neuromorphic system requires energy and area-efficient hardware. Memristor-based hardware architectures is a promising approach that naturally mimics the switching behavior of the neuron models. However, to build complex neural systems, it is a tedious process to select the right memristor models and architectures that are suitable to be used in a range of realistic conditions. To simplify the design and development of neuromemristive architectures, we present a web-based graphical user interface (GUI) called “PyMem” that uses Keras Python to implement multiple memristor models on multiple neural architectures that can be used to analyze their working under a wide range of hardware variability. Without the need for programming, the GUI provides options for adding variability to the memristors and observing the neural network behavior under realistic conditions. The tool has options to characterize the ideal (software) and nonideal (hardware) for performance analysis including accuracy, precision, recall, and relative current error values.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
-
4دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Rinku Rani Das, Alex James
المصدر: IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 462-470 (2024)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Semiconductor device, short channel effect (SCE), subthreshold swing (SS), bipolar junction transistor (BJT), Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
الوصف: Multi-channel FinFET ( $\text{M}_{\textbf {ch}}$ -FinFET) is an emerging device having promising use due to its excellent driving capability. In this paper, we have investigated the significance of multiple channels of FinFET configuration. We have examined the performance of the multi-channel-based step FinFET ( $\text{M}_{\textbf {ch}}$ - step FinFET) structure with spacer engineering. The results obtained from this simulation work indicate that $\text{M}_{\textbf {ch}}$ -step FinFET is a good competitor for future improvisation of CMOS technology. The proposed device has improved drain conductivity, transconductance ( ${\textbf G_{m}}$ ), intrinsic gain ( ${\textbf A_{v}}$ ), and drain conductance ( ${\textbf G_{d}}$ ) performance by introducing high-K dielectric spacer material by 38.2%, 46.12%, 88.57%, and 22.55%, respectively. The proposed device with a spacer is preferable to obtain better performance regarding ON current and device efficiency.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
-
5دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Ann Brower, Alex James (ORCID
0000-0002-1543-7139 )المصدر: SAGE Open. 2023 13(3).
تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y
Page Count: 8
الواصفات: Foreign Countries, College Faculty, Research, Salary Wage Differentials, Gender Differences, Sex Fairness, Job Performance
مصطلحات جغرافية: New Zealand
مستخلص: We use 12 years of holistic research performance scores for each academic in all New Zealand universities to ask whether gendered gaps in pay, age, research performance score, and performance-adjusted pay are narrowing with time. We find that the gender gaps in age and research performance score narrowed from 2006 to 2018, but the gender gaps in pay and performance-adjusted pay did not. Controlling for research performance score, age, and field, women's odds of advancement to high ranks converged to around two-thirds of men's advancement odds. Similarly, the lifetime performance-adjusted gender pay gap has converged to around one-third the price of an average home. Trends suggest that, no matter how much women improve their research scores and "lean-in" for promotions, the performance-adjusted pay gap has plateaued to an equilibrium. Data from an entire national workforce fail to support the most common explanations for academic gender pay gaps--child-bearing and demographic inertia. But results are consistent with a systemic dynamic in which double-binds and double-whammies create a sticky floor that starts women at lower pay and impedes their advancement over time. We conclude with some suggested remedies from the literature of behavioral science. Without concerted efforts to change the structures of hiring and promotion, the gender pay gap in universities will not disappear of its own inertia.
Abstractor: As Provided
-
6مؤتمر
المؤلفون: Quaid, Ethan Douglas (ORCID
0000-0003-2682-2347 ), Pack, Austin (ORCID0000-0002-3861-5620 ), Barrett, Alex James (ORCID0000-0003-1229-9743 ), Zhou, Litongالمصدر: Research-publishing.net. 2020.
تمت مراجعته من قبل الزملاء: Y
Page Count: 8
الواصفات: English for Academic Purposes, Computer Simulation, Student Attitudes, Intention, Educational Technology, Technology Uses in Education, Undergraduate Students, Self Efficacy, Difficulty Level, Paragraph Composition, Value Judgment, Foreign Countries
مصطلحات جغرافية: China
مستخلص: This short paper reports the findings of a study exploring English for Academic Purposes (EAP) students' behavioral intention to use a high-immersion Virtual Reality (VR) system for learning paragraph structure. The study measured relationships between variables that may lead to learners' intention to use the high-immersion VR Reality system through leveraging a hypothesized theoretical framework based upon a widely used technology acceptance model. Quantitative data were collected from 134 Sino-British English as a medium of instruction by university undergraduate students enrolled in EAP classes by means of a post-participation questionnaire. A Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) exploratory analysis was executed. Results suggested that students' intention to use the high-immersion VR learning environment was primarily determined by its usefulness for learning and not how easy it was to use. Furthermore, the degree to which the learners felt confident in their ability to operate the system had a large impact on how easy they perceived it was to use. And finally, the antecedent conditions of learners had little impact on the students' perceived usefulness of the VR system. [For the complete volume, "CALL for Widening Participation: Short Papers from EUROCALL 2020 (28th, Online, August 20-21, 2020)," see ED610330.]
Abstractor: As Provided
-
7تقرير
المؤلفون: Foucart, Francois, Moesta, Philipp, Ramirez, Teresita, Wright, Alex James, Darbha, Siva, Kasen, Daniel
مصطلحات موضوعية: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
الوصف: The determination of the mass, composition, and geometry of matter outflows in black hole-neutron star and neutron star-neutron star binaries is crucial to current efforts to model kilonovae, and to understand the role of neutron star merger in r-process nucleosynthesis. In this manuscript, we review the simple criteria currently used in merger simulations to determine whether matter is unbound and what the asymptotic velocity of ejected material will be. We then show that properly accounting for both heating and cooling during r-process nucleosynthesis is important to accurately predict the mass and kinetic energy of the outflows. These processes are also likely to be crucial to predict the fallback timescale of any bound ejecta. We derive a model for the asymptotic veloicity of unbound matter and binding energy of bound matter that accounts for both of these effects and that can easily be implemented in merger simulations. We show, however, that the detailed velocity distribution and geometry of the outflows can currently only be captured by full 3D fluid simulations of the outflows, as non-local effect ignored by the simple criteria used in merger simulations cannot be safely neglected when modeling these effects. Finally, we propose the introduction of simple source terms in the fluid equations to approximately account for heating/cooling from r-process nucleosynthesis in future seconds-long 3D simulations of merger remnants, without the explicit inclusion of out-of-nuclear statistical equilibrium reactions in the simulations.
Comment: Accepted by Phys.Rev.Dالوصول الحر: http://arxiv.org/abs/2109.00565Test
-
8دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Insiya B. Poonawalla, Yihua Xu, Rainelle Gaddy, Alex James, Matt Ruble, Salina Burns, Suzanne W. Dixon, Brandon T. Suehs
المصدر: BMC Geriatrics, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Anticholinergic, Dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Mortality, Beers criteria, Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
الوصف: Abstract Background Use of anticholinergic (ACH) medications is associated with increased risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. However, little is known about this association from a health plan perspective. Methods This retrospective cohort study used the Humana Research Database to identify individuals with at least one ACH medication dispensed in 2015. Patients were followed until incidence of dementia/Alzheimer’s disease, death, disenrollment or end of December 2019. Multivariate Cox regression models were used to assess the association between ACH exposure and study outcomes, adjusting for demographics and clinical characteristics. Results A total of 12,209 individuals with no prior ACH use or dementia/Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis were included. As ACH polypharmacy increased (i.e., from no ACH exposure, to one, two, three, and four or more ACH medications), there was a stair-step increase in the incidence rate of dementia/Alzheimer’s disease (15, 30, 46, 56 and 77 per 1,000 person-years of follow-up) and in the incidence of mortality (19, 37, 80, 115 and 159 per 1,000 person-years of follow-up). After adjusting for confounders, ACH exposure to one, two, three and four or more ACH medications was associated with a 1.6 (95% CI 1.4–1.9), 2.1 (95% CI 1.7–2.8), 2.6 (95% CI 1.5–4.4), and 2.6 (95% CI 1.1–6.3) times, respectively, increased risk of a dementia/Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis compared to periods of no ACH exposure. ACH exposure to one, two, three and four or more medications was associated with a 1.4 (95% CI 1.2–1.6), 2.6 (95% CI 2.1–3.3), 3.8 (95% CI 2.6–5.4), and 3.4 (95% CI 1.8–6.4) times, respectively, increased risk of mortality compared to periods of no ACH exposure. Conclusions Reducing ACH exposure may potentially minimize long-term adverse effects in older adults. Results suggest populations which may benefit from targeted interventions to reduce ACH polypharmacy.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2318Test
-
9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Tessa Barrett-Walker, Franca Buelow, Lindsey Te Atu O Tu MacDonald, Ann Brower, Alex James
المصدر: Royal Society Open Science, Vol 10, Iss 10 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: ethnicity pay gap, gender pay gap, stochastic model, Science
الوصف: The gender and ethnicity pay gaps are well publicised for academics. The majority of research relies on observations representing a point in time or uses models to consider a standard academic lifespan. We use a stochastic mathematical model to ask what drives differences in lifetime earnings of university academics and highlight a new question: how best should we quantify a working lifetime? The model observes and accounts for patterns in age when entering and leaving the workforce, and differing salary trajectories during an academic career. It is parameterized with data from a national dataset in Aotearoa New Zealand. We compare the total lifetime earnings of different gender and ethnicity groups with and without accounting for the different lengths of time spent in academia. The lifetime earnings gaps are considerably larger when we account for different hiring and leaving ages. We find that overall, for every ethnicity, women have shorter careers and are more likely to leave academia. All minority ethnic groups—and women—earn considerably less than their male white, European colleagues.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2054-5703Test
-
10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Rajalekshmi T. R, Rinku Rani Das, Chithra Reghuvaran, Alex James
المصدر: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Vol 17 (2023)
مصطلحات موضوعية: chemical vapor deposition (CVD), cryptography, graphene, neuromorphic computing, resistive random access memory (RRAM), Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
الوصف: Resistive random access memory is very well known for its potential application in in-memory and neural computing. However, they often have different types of device-to-device and cycle-to-cycle variability. This makes it harder to build highly accurate crossbar arrays. Traditional RRAM designs make use of various filament-based oxide materials for creating a channel that is sandwiched between two electrodes to form a two-terminal structure. They are often subjected to mechanical and electrical stress over repeated read-and-write cycles. The behavior of these devices often varies in practice across wafer arrays over these stresses when fabricated. The use of emerging 2D materials is explored to improve electrical endurance, long retention time, high switching speed, and fewer power losses. This study provides an in-depth exploration of neuro-memristive computing and its potential applications, focusing specifically on the utilization of graphene and 2D materials in RRAM for neural computing. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of the structural and design aspects of graphene-based RRAM, along with a thorough examination of commercially available RRAM models and their fabrication techniques. Furthermore, the study investigates the diverse range of applications that can benefit from graphene-based RRAM devices.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1253075/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1662-453XTest
النص الكامل