المؤلفون: Adnan Khattak, Rasool Bukhsh, Sheraz Aslam, Ayman Yafoz, Omar Alghushairy, Raed Alsini

المصدر: Sustainability; Volume 14; Issue 20; Pages: 13627

مصطلحات موضوعية: class imbalance, gated recurrent units, convolutional neural network, electricity theft detection, non-technical losses, smart grids

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Electricity theft harms smart grids and results in huge revenue losses for electric companies. Deep learning (DL), machine learning (ML), and statistical methods have been used in recent research studies to detect anomalies and illegal patterns in electricity consumption (EC) data collected by smart meters. In this paper, we propose a hybrid DL model for detecting theft activity in EC data. The model combines both a gated recurrent unit (GRU) and a convolutional neural network (CNN). The model distinguishes between legitimate and malicious EC patterns. GRU layers are used to extract temporal patterns, while the CNN is used to retrieve optimal abstract or latent patterns from EC data. Moreover, imbalance of data classes negatively affects the consistency of ML and DL. In this paper, an adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) method and TomekLinks are used to deal with the imbalance of data classes. In addition, the performance of the hybrid model is evaluated using a real-time EC dataset from the State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC). The proposed algorithm is computationally expensive, but on the other hand, it provides higher accuracy than the other algorithms used for comparison. With more and more computational resources available nowadays, researchers are focusing on algorithms that provide better efficiency in the face of widespread data. Various performance metrics such as F1-score, precision, recall, accuracy, and false positive rate are used to investigate the effectiveness of the hybrid DL model. The proposed model outperforms its counterparts with 0.985 Precision–Recall Area Under Curve (PR-AUC) and 0.987 Receiver Operating Characteristic Area Under Curve (ROC-AUC) for the data of EC.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Sustainable Urban and Rural Development; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013627Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013627Test

المؤلفون: Hilary Laura Martin, Shahid Ullah, Nazim Abbas, Alex Scott‐Hoy, Ganessan Kichenadasse, Christos Stelios Karapetis, Amitesh Roy, Shawgi Sukumaran, David M Ross, Muhammad Adnan Khattak, Bogda Koczwara

المصدر: Cancer Reports, Vol 4, Iss 3, Pp n/a-n/a (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: breast cancer, chemotherapy, chemotherapy‐induced ovarian failure, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282

الوصف: Background Chemotherapy can cause premature menopause which may result in adverse effects such as fertility loss, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and menopausal symptoms. It is thus very important that women are provided with accurate information regarding their risk of premature menopause as a consequence of proposed chemotherapy. Unfortunately, at present there are no reliable tools which can be applied in clinical practice to estimate the risk of premature menopause in women undergoing chemotherapy, beyond age of the patient and form of chemotherapy utilized. Aim This was a pilot study to determine whether AMH levels pre and during chemotherapy are able to predict for chemotherapy induced menopause, and to assess quality of life and menopausal symptoms. Methods and results Premenopausal women between 18 to 45 who were planned to undergo gonadotoxic chemotherapy with curative intent for either breast cancer or haematologic malignancy were recruited from a single centre. AMH, FSH, LH and oestradiol levels were recorded prior to commencement of therapy, during and following completion of chemotherapy. Menstrual status, menopausal symptoms and quality of life data were collected at baseline and during follow‐up. Twenty two women were recruited. The baseline AMH was higher in women who regained menses post‐chemotherapy (median 23.1 vs 9.9 pM (P = .06). Menopausal symptoms were significantly higher at 1 year post diagnosis than at baseline however quality of life was similar. Conclusion AMH may be useful for predicting chemotherapy induced menopause. Further research is still required to determine the place of such testing for patient counselling and management.

العلاقة: https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.1342Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2573-8348Test; https://doaj.org/article/f10b59e518164f45af49712da2dd44f0Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.1342Test
https://doaj.org/article/f10b59e518164f45af49712da2dd44f0Test

المؤلفون: Oliver Oey, Yu-Yang Liu, Angela Felicia Sunjaya, Daniel Martin Simadibrata, Muhammad Adnan Khattak, Elin Gray

المصدر: World Journal of Clinical Oncology. 13:929-942

مصطلحات موضوعية: Oncology

الوصف: Gut microbiome (GM) composition and diversity have recently been studied as a biomarker of response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy (ICB) and of ICB-related colitis.To conduct a systematic review on the role of GM composition and diversity in predicting response and colitis in patients with melanoma treated with ICB.The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021228018. From a total of 300 studies, nine studies met inclusion criteria. Two studies were phase I clinical trials, while the remainder were prospective observational studies. All but one study has moderate risk of bias. In addition, we conducted a relevant search by Reference Citation Analysis (Fecal samples enriched in Firmicutes phylum were associated with good response to ICB, whereas the Bacteroidales family was associated with poor response to ICB. Samples with greater GM diversity were associated with more favorable response to ICB [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.57, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-12.52,This highlights the need for further prospective studies to confirm whether the GM could be used as a biomarker and potential intervention to modulate ICB response in melanoma patients.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3880755b9b0e8c69aa3f98adf8050cd2Test
https://doi.org/10.5306/wjco.v13.i11.929Test

المؤلفون: Georgina V Long, Pier Francesco Ferrucci, Adnan Khattak, Tarek M Meniawy, Patrick Alexander Ott, Michael Chisamore, Thomas Trolle, Agon Hyseni, Erik Heegaard

المصدر: Future Oncology. 18:3473-3480

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cancer Research, Oncology, General Medicine

الوصف: Despite improvements made with checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) therapy, a need for new approaches to improve outcomes for patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma remains. EVX-01, a personalized neoepitope vaccine, combined with pembrolizumab treatment, holds the potential to fulfill this need. Here we present the rationale and novel design behind the KEYNOTE - D36 trial: an open label, single arm, phase II trial aiming to establish the clinical proof of concept and evaluate the safety of EVX-01 in combination with pembrolizumab in CPI naive patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. The primary objective is to evaluate if EVX-01 improves best overall response after initial stable disease or partial response to pembrolizumab treatment, in patients with advanced melanoma. The novel end points ensure a decisive readout which may prove helpful before making major investments in phase III trials with limited phase I data.Drugs targeting the immune system have improved the outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma. However, a significant proportion of patients do not benefit and there is a need for better therapeutic agents to be used alone or in combination with immune modulating agents. This article summarizes the rationale and design of a new trial with a personalized vaccine (EVX-01) that may improve outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma (unresectable stage III or IV melanoma). The EVX-01 vaccine aims to stimulate the patient's immune system to generate T cells that target specific molecules that can only be found on the surface of the individual patients' cancer cells (i.e. neoepitopes), resulting in cancer cell death. The trial will investigate if the personalized EVX-01 vaccine together with checkpoint inhibitor therapy works better for patients with advanced melanoma, than checkpoint inhibitor therapy alone.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::37393f2e34de40451f8380c1da2af13bTest
https://doi.org/10.2217/fon-2022-0694Test

المؤلفون: Mark Watson, Michael Millward, Samantha Bowyer, Afaf Abed, Leslie Calapre, Johnny Lo, Suzana Correia, Abha Chopra, Muhammad Adnan Khattak, Elin Solomonovna Gray

المصدر: Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer, Vol 8, Iss 2 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282

الوصف: Background We aimed to assess the impact of genomic human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-I/II homozygosity on the survival benefit of patients with unresectable locally advanced, metastatic non-small lung cancer treated by single-agent programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) inhibitors.Methods We collected blood from 170 patients with advanced lung cancer treated with immunotherapy at two major oncology centers in Western Australia. Genomic DNA was extracted from white blood cells and used for HLA-I/II high-resolution typing. HLA-I/II homozygosity was tested for association with survival outcomes. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were constructed to determine whether HLA homozygosity was an independent prognostic factor affecting Overall Survival (OS) and Progression Free Survival (PFS). We also investigated the association between individual HLA-A and -B supertypes with OS.Results Homozygosity at HLA-I loci, but not HLA-II, was significantly associated with shorter OS (HR=2.17, 95% CI 1.13 to 4.17, p=0.02) in both univariable and multivariable analysis. The effect of HLA-I homozygosity in OS was particularly relevant for patients with tumors expressing PDL1 ≥50% (HR=3.93, 95% CI 1.30 to 11.85, p<0.001). The adverse effect of HLA-I homozygosity on PFS was only apparent after controlling for interactions between PDL1 status and HLA-I genotype (HR=2.21, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.70, p=0.038). The presence of HLA-A02 supertype was the only HLA-I supertype to be associated with improved OS (HR=0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.93, p=0.023).Conclusion Our results suggest that homozygosity at ≥1 HLA-I loci is associated with short OS and PFS in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer with PDL1 ≥50% treated with single-agent immunotherapy. Carriers of HLA-A02 supertype reported better survival outcomes in this cohort of patients.

العلاقة: https://jitc.bmj.com/content/8/2/e001620.fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2051-1426Test; https://doaj.org/article/7cecf9381abb460683b702ff52bc26b5Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-001620Test
https://doaj.org/article/7cecf9381abb460683b702ff52bc26b5Test

المؤلفون: Adnan Khattak, Sana Gul, Surayia Shahab Rani, Batab Khan, Abdu Razzaq Khan, Autif Hussain Mangi, Jamil Ur Rehman, Mir Sadiq Shah, Saira Abbas, Laiq Zaman, Fahim Ullah Khan, Shahid Ullah

المصدر: Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. :7-12

الوصف: Many diseases, including cancer and diabetes mellitus, are caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Allium sativum (Garlic) contains vitamins A, B, and C, as well as effective drugs like insulin, alliin, mineral salts, mucilages, allicin, and volatile oils. Garlic has antioxidant properties which showed a therapeutic effect on some cancer types. The overall goal of this study was to conduct pharmacological testing to assess the combined antioxidant abilities of Allium sativum (cloves) methanolic and Tamarix aphylla (leaves) extracts. The extract demonstrated garlic activities in a dose-dependent manner, with scavenging activity of 21, 32, and 39% at different concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity of Tamarix aphylla methanolic extract was 29, 37, and 62% using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay at different concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. However, combining extracts revealed the greatest scavenging activity at various concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. By using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay, the combined methanolic extract of Tamarix aphylla and Allium sativum demonstrated substantial antioxidant activity of 45, 65, and 75% at concentrations of 100, 500, and 1000 µg/mL. According to our findings, the combined therapy of Tamarix aphylla and Allium sativum significantly inhibited DPPH free radicals. Tamarix aphylla and Allium sativum combined therapy may play an important role in the inhibition of free radicals that cause cancer.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::9c6b1b8b304aa85c5f8815784323e09dTest
https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i45b36359Test

المؤلفون: Jeanne, Tie, Joshua D, Cohen, Kamel, Lahouel, Serigne N, Lo, Yuxuan, Wang, Suzanne, Kosmider, Rachel, Wong, Jeremy, Shapiro, Margaret, Lee, Sam, Harris, Adnan, Khattak, Matthew, Burge, Marion, Harris, James, Lynam, Louise, Nott, Fiona, Day, Theresa, Hayes, Sue-Anne, McLachlan, Belinda, Lee, Janine, Ptak, Natalie, Silliman, Lisa, Dobbyn, Maria, Popoli, Ralph, Hruban, Anne Marie, Lennon, Nicholas, Papadopoulos, Kenneth W, Kinzler, Bert, Vogelstein, Cristian, Tomasetti, Peter, Gibbs, Susanne, Kosmider

المصدر: New England Journal of Medicine. 386:2261-2272

مصطلحات موضوعية: Oxaliplatin, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Colonic Neoplasms, Australia, Humans, Antineoplastic Agents, Fluorouracil, General Medicine, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Disease-Free Survival, Circulating Tumor DNA, Neoplasm Staging

الوصف: The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer continues to be debated. The presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) after surgery predicts very poor recurrence-free survival, whereas its absence predicts a low risk of recurrence. The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for ctDNA-positive patients is not well understood.We conducted a trial to assess whether a ctDNA-guided approach could reduce the use of adjuvant chemotherapy without compromising recurrence risk. Patients with stage II colon cancer were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to have treatment decisions guided by either ctDNA results or standard clinicopathological features. For ctDNA-guided management, a ctDNA-positive result at 4 or 7 weeks after surgery prompted oxaliplatin-based or fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy. Patients who were ctDNA-negative were not treated. The primary efficacy end point was recurrence-free survival at 2 years. A key secondary end point was adjuvant chemotherapy use.Of the 455 patients who underwent randomization, 302 were assigned to ctDNA-guided management and 153 to standard management. The median follow-up was 37 months. A lower percentage of patients in the ctDNA-guided group than in the standard-management group received adjuvant chemotherapy (15% vs. 28%; relative risk, 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 2.65). In the evaluation of 2-year recurrence-free survival, ctDNA-guided management was noninferior to standard management (93.5% and 92.4%, respectively; absolute difference, 1.1 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.1 to 6.2 [noninferiority margin, -8.5 percentage points]). Three-year recurrence-free survival was 86.4% among ctDNA-positive patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy and 92.5% among ctDNA-negative patients who did not.A ctDNA-guided approach to the treatment of stage II colon cancer reduced adjuvant chemotherapy use without compromising recurrence-free survival. (Supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council and others; DYNAMIC Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number, ACTRN12615000381583.).

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::18a73799f06b69d01e6f302d570bc06bTest
https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2200075Test

المؤلفون: Oliver John Kennedy, Michal Kicinski, Sara Valpione, Sara Gandini, Stefan Suciu, Christian U. Blank, Georgina V. Long, Victoria G. Atkinson, Stéphane Dalle, Andrew M. Haydon, Andrey Meshcheryakov, Adnan Khattak, Matteo S. Carlino, Shahneen Sandhu, James Larkin, Susana Puig, Paolo A. Ascierto, Piotr Rutkowski, Dirk Schadendorf, Marye Boers-Sonderen, Anna Maria Di Giacomo, Alfonsus J.M. van den Eertwegh, Jean-Jacques Grob, Ralf Gutzmer, Rahima Jamal, Alexander C.J. van Akkooi, Caroline Robert, Alexander M.M. Eggermont, Paul Lorigan, Mario Mandala

المصدر: European Journal of Cancer.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cancer Research, Oncology

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::5d76ea38d5272210700d8b7c6e66bf27Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2023.04.016Test

المؤلفون: Asif Ullah Khan, Faizan Ullah, Sadia Zafar, Adnan Khattak, Muhammad Irshad, Ishtiaq Hussain, Masroor Hussain

المصدر: Sains Malaysiana. 51:1027-1044

مصطلحات موضوعية: Multidisciplinary

الوصف: Moringa oleifera leaf extract contains active ingredients with stimulatory effects on natural processes of plants like uptake of nutrients, photosynthesis, biomass production and flowering. Therefore, we conducted field experiments to determine the effects of M. oleifera leaf aqueous extract (MLAE) on growth and fibre quality of three linseed varieties viz. Roshni, BL1 and Chandni under water deficit stress for two years. Water deficit stress was imposed during tillering growth phase (60 days after sowing) by skipping four irrigations, keeping 40% soil field capacity. The MLAE (5%) was applied to leaves once before the start of water deficit stress period and next 15 days after imposition of water deficit stress. Analysis of MLAE showed the presence of natural phenolics (150 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/mL extract) and essential nutrients like Ca, Mg, K, Zn, Mn, and Fe. Positive impact of the MLAE was observed on plant height, tillers production, leaf chlorophyll pigments, phenolics content, sugars content, seed yield and fibre quality of linseed both under non-stress and water deficit stress. Our studies concluded that MLAE can be a probable approach for maintaining normal growth and fibre quality of linseed plants under short supply of water.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::91fb93739d1f35e87b04379798bc5dbeTest
https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5104-07Test

المؤلفون: Muhammad Israr, Khalil Khan Zahir, Adnan Khattak, Irfanullah Khattak

المصدر: American Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing Practice. 7:16-20

مصطلحات موضوعية: Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

الوصف: Objective: The aim of this study is to find out the ration of success in the initial probing for the congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction at age 25th month to 60th month. Methodology: The study was prospective non-comparative interventional case series. The study included 59 eyes of 47 patients who visited the Ophthalmology HMC Peshawar in 2020. The patients were labelled as CNLDO with history of epiphora and or discharge since birth or first few days of life. The diagnosis was confirmed with evaluation in which it was assessed that there is no other associated adnexal issue like conjunctively congestion. Examination also included tear meniscus height and resurge test. Results: In prospective non-comparative interventional case series 52 eyes of 41 patients between the ages of 25 to 60 months with CNLDO were probed. Most of the patients were females i.e. 27. Most of the obstructions were of complex type i.e. 32 while 20 patients were of membranous type. Patients with bilateral CNLDO were 11. Successes ratio of probing in membranous type of obstruction was 90% i.e. 18 eyes got cured while two eyes needed repeated probing. While in case of complex obstruction the success ratio was, 32.2 % i.e. only 10 patients got cured out of 32 patients. Overall success ratio was 54% i.e 28 of 54. Conclusion: Children presenting with congenial nasolacrimal duct obstruction in older ages should be probed initially.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::2f07c992d40b03b24ec93ee32ff22f54Test
https://doi.org/10.47672/ajhmn.930Test