المؤلفون: Nyamathi, Adeline, Salem, Benissa E, Shin, Sanghyuk S, Jones, Adrianna A, Garfin, Dana R, Yadav, Kartik, Chang, Alicia H, White, Kathryn, Morisky, Donald

المصدر: Nursing research, vol 70, iss 6

مصطلحات موضوعية: Humans, Isoniazid, Pilot Projects, Nurse's Role, Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, California, Female, Male, Patient Education as Topic, Medication Adherence, Latent Tuberculosis, Community Health Workers, Practice Patterns, Nurses', Ill-Housed Persons, Homelessness, Health Services, Tuberculosis, Depression, Clinical Research, Rare Diseases, Mental Health, Infectious Diseases, Behavioral and Social Science, Prevention, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals

جغرافية الموضوع: 433 - 442

الوصف: BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) disproportionately affects marginalized and impoverished homeless adults. Although active TB can be prevented by treating latent TB infection (LTBI), individual factors, such as high prevalence of depression and anxiety, drug and alcohol use, and unstable housing, lead to poor LTBI treatment adherence and completion among homeless adults.ObjectivesWe hypothesized that the delivery of a tailored nurse-led, community health worker (RN/CHW) program across the LTBI continuum of care (e.g., screening, diagnosis, and treatment) that delivers 3HP treatment (3HP: rifapentine plus isoniazid) for homeless adults (e.g., sheltered and unsheltered) and is tailored to their health and social service needs will overcome existing treatment completion barriers. We also hypothesized that mental health symptoms (e.g., depression and anxiety), drug use score, and problematic alcohol use will decline over time among clients receiving this treatment.MethodsWe assessed the effect of delivering a theoretically guided, RN/CHW-based, single-arm study among eligible LTBI-positive homeless adults (N = 50) on completion of a weekly, directly observed, 12-dose 3HP LTBI treatment in Central City East (Skid Row). Completing 3HP treatment was compared to the only known historical, clinic-based control that obtained 65% completion among homeless adults. Secondary outcomes included drug and alcohol use, depression, and anxiety.ResultsThe RN/CHW program achieved a 91.8% 3HP treatment completion rate among homeless adults. Younger homeless adults (<50 years old) were less likely to complete 3HP treatment compared to those who were older. Neither drug use, depression, nor anxiety was associated with 3HP treatment completion. Decrease in anxiety was observed at 3 months, but not at 6 months, compared to baseline.DiscussionTo our knowledge, the pilot study is the first to evaluate an effective RN/CHW-delivered, community-based intervention, which can reduce the burden of active TB for homeless adults.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: qt9xb7x2hs; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xb7x2hsTest; https://escholarship.org/content/qt9xb7x2hs/qt9xb7x2hs.pdfTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1097/nnr.0000000000000545Test
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xb7x2hsTest
https://escholarship.org/content/qt9xb7x2hs/qt9xb7x2hs.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Lucas, Alfredo, Lam, Dawn, Cabrales, Pedro

المصدر: Drug Delivery, vol 26, iss 1

مصطلحات موضوعية: Digestive Diseases, Colo-Rectal Cancer, Cancer, Heart Disease, Cardiovascular, Animals, Antibiotics, Antineoplastic, Cardiotoxicity, Colonic Neoplasms, Doxorubicin, Electrophoresis, Erythrocytes, Female, HT29 Cells, Humans, Inhibitory Concentration 50, Liver, Lung, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Nude, Spleen, Tissue Distribution, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Drug delivery, biomimetic, red blood cell, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology & Pharmacy

جغرافية الموضوع: 433 - 442

الوصف: Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most widely used anticancer agents. DOX is known for inducing cardiotoxicity, resulting in the long-term development of heart failure. Intravascular delivery of DOX may benefit from the carriage by red blood cells (RBCs), as they can limit the systemic toxicity while delivering the DOX to the tumor. This study proposes a methodology for the synthesis of electrophoretically DOX-loaded red blood cells (RBC-DOX), as well as the assessment of its antitumorigenic effects in human colon cancer cells (HT-29), and in colon cancer xenograft models. In addition, healthy mice without tumors were dosed with RBC-DOX to assess cardiotoxicity via assessment of indexes of cardiac function after multiple doses of RBC-DOX. The HT-29 IC50 was found to be lower for RBC-DOX compared to free DOX. Tumor volume for the RBC-DOX group was smaller than the free DOX groups in HT-29 xenografts models. Statistically higher concentrations of DOX were found in the liver, spleen, and lungs for the RBC-DOX group compared to the free DOX group. However, the heart and the skin had statistically lower DOX concentrations for the RBC-DOX group compared to the free DOX group, with no significant differences in tumor biodistribution. All hemodynamic and cardiac function parameters were closer to control parameters for the RBC-DOX treated compared to for the free DOX-treated mice. These results suggest that RBC-DOX can be an alternative to prolong treatments with DOX, with superior antitumorigenic effects, decreased myelosuppression, and limited cardiac toxicity compared to equivalent doses of free DOX.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: qt24j7g86v; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24j7g86vTest

الإتاحة: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24j7g86vTest

المؤلفون: Patterson, Thomas F, Thompson, George R, Denning, David W, Fishman, Jay A, Hadley, Susan, Herbrecht, Raoul, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, Marr, Kieren A, Morrison, Vicki A, Nguyen, M Hong, Segal, Brahm H, Steinbach, William J, Stevens, David A, Walsh, Thomas J, Wingard, John R, Young, Jo-Anne H, Bennett, John E

المصدر: Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol 63, iss 4

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Rare Diseases, Clinical Research, 7.3 Management and decision making, Management of diseases and conditions, Good Health and Well Being, Amphotericin B, Antifungal Agents, Aspergillosis, Azoles, Echinocandins, Humans, Infectious Disease Medicine, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Societies, Medical, United States, invasive aspergillosis, allergic aspergillosis, chronic aspergillosis, fungal diagnostics, echniocandins, amphotericin, Biological Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Microbiology

جغرافية الموضوع: 433 - 442

الوصف: It is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: qt03r0k7s0; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03r0k7s0Test

الإتاحة: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/03r0k7s0Test

المؤلفون: Chapman, CAR, Chen, H, Stamou, M, Lein, PJ, Seker, E

المصدر: Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, vol 9, iss 3

مصطلحات موضوعية: Nanostructure, Cell-material interaction, Nanoporous gold, Soluble factors, Cell attachment, Neuron-glia co-culture, Neuroengineering, Gliosis

جغرافية الموضوع: 433 - 442

الوصف: © 2016, Biomedical Engineering Society. Nanoporous gold (np-Au) is a promising multifunctional material for neural electrodes. We have previously shown that np-Au nanotopography reduces astrocyte surface coverage (linked to undesirable gliosis) while maintaining high neuronal coverage in a cortical primary neuron-glia co-culture model as long as 2 weeks in vitro. Here, we investigate the potential influence of secreted soluble factors from cells grown on np-Au leading to the cell type-specific surface coverage on conventional tissue culture plastic. We then test the hypothesis that secretion of factors is responsible for inhibiting astrocyte coverage on np-Au. In order to assess whether factors secreted from cells grown on np-Au surfaces reduced surface coverage by astrocytes, we seeded fresh primary rat neuron-glia co-cultures on conventional polystyrene culture dishes, but maintained the cells in conditioned media from co-cultures grown on np-Au surfaces. After 1 week in vitro, a preferential reduction in astrocyte surface coverage was not observed, suggesting that soluble factors are not playing a role. In contrast, 4 h after cell seeding there were a significant number of non-adhered, yet still viable, cells for the cultures on np-Au surfaces. We hypothesize that the non-adherent cells are mainly astrocytes, because: (i) there was no difference in neuronal cell coverage between np-Au and pl-Au for long culture durations and (ii) neurons are post-mitotic and not expected to increase in number upon attaching to the surface. Overall, the results suggest that the np-Au topography leads to preferential neuronal attachment shortly after cell seeding and limits astrocyte-specific np-Au surface coverage at longer culture durations.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: qt7t9393p2; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7t9393p2Test

الإتاحة: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7t9393p2Test

المؤلفون: Wright, Patrick W, Vaida, Florin F, Fernández, Ricardo J, Rutlin, Jerrel, Price, Richard W, Lee, Evelyn, Peterson, Julia, Fuchs, Dietmar, Shimony, Joshua S, Robertson, Kevin R, Walter, Rudolph, Meyerhoff, Dieter J, Spudich, Serena, Ances, Beau M

المصدر: AIDS, vol 29, iss 4

مصطلحات موضوعية: Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Immunology, HIV/AIDS, Infectious Diseases, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Clinical Research, Infection, Adult, Anti-HIV Agents, Biomarkers, Blood-Brain Barrier, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Central Nervous System, Corpus Callosum, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, HIV Infections, HIV-1, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Prospective Studies, RNA, Viral, Viral Load, White Matter

جغرافية الموضوع: 433 - 442

الوصف: ObjectiveInflammation and infection within the central nervous system is initiated during primary HIV infection (PHI), but the association of these processes with the integrity of brain white matter during PHI is unknown.DesignWe used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in this prospective cross-sectional neuroimaging study to determine the extent of white matter involvement in early HIV infection.MethodsAntiretroviral-naive PHI (defined as <1 year after infection, n = 62), chronic HIV infection (CHI, n = 16), and HIV-uninfected (n = 19) participants had DTI, laboratory, and neuropsychometric performance assessments. DTI metrics were examined using region of interest and whole brain voxelwise analyses. Linear mixed-effects models assessed correlations between DTI measures and laboratory and neuropsychometric performance values.ResultsPHI participants were assessed at a median 4.1 months after estimated infection, and had median CD4 cell count of 573 cells/μl, and HIV-1 RNA viral load of 4.5 log10 copies/ml in plasma and 2.6 log10 copies/ml in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). DTI metrics in PHI individuals were similar to HIV- participants and correlated with disruptions in the blood-brain barrier (indicated by CSF/plasma albumin ratio and CSF protein). CHI participants had significant loss of white matter integrity that correlated with biomarkers of infection and inflammation (blood viral load, CD4 T-cell count, and neopterin, and CSF white blood cell). Within the PHI group, DTI metrics inversely correlated with increasing days since infection.ConclusionIn individuals assessed during PHI, group DTI measures suggested relative preservation of white matter microstructural integrity, but were associated with disruption of the blood-brain barrier and estimated duration of infection.

العلاقة: qt43v0v1gd; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43v0v1gdTest

الإتاحة: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/43v0v1gdTest

المؤلفون: Smith, Matthew Lee, Ory, Marcia G, Jiang, Luohua, Howell, Doris, Chen, Shuai, Pulczinski, Jairus C, Swierc, Suzanne M, Stevens, Alan B

المصدر: Translational Behavioral Medicine, vol 5, iss 4

مصطلحات موضوعية: Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Nutrition, Prevention, Rehabilitation, 6.7 Physical, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Oral and gastrointestinal, Program evaluation, Physical activity, Older adults, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis

جغرافية الموضوع: 433 - 442

الوصف: Given the role of physical activity (PA) and good nutrition to delay the onset and progression of most chronic conditions, effective interventions are needed to influence lifestyle behaviors of community-dwelling populations. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of Texercise Select to improve health indicators, PA, and dietary behaviors, and confidence to engage in healthful behaviors. Texercise Select, a 12-week exercise program, was delivered. Baseline and 12-week follow-up assessments were collected from 220 participants with baseline data who were aged 45years and older for this non-randomized one-group pre-post design trial. Linear mixed models were fitted for continuous outcome variables and GEE models with logit link function for binary outcome variables. Significant improvements (P < 0.05) were seen in physical activity scores (d = 0.64 for aerobic activity), weekly fruit/vegetable consumption (d = 0.31), daily water consumption (d = 0.29), as well as PA- and nutrition-related confidence (d =0.38 and 0.21, respectively) and social support (d =0.45). Programs rooted in best practices show promise for positively impacting large numbers of participants and becoming sustainably embedded in communities over time.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: qt3611t4r2; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3611t4r2Test

الإتاحة: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3611t4r2Test

المؤلفون: Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar, Horwich, Tamara B, Oreopoulos, Antigone, Kovesdy, Csaba P, Younessi, Houman, Anker, Stefan D, Morley, John E

المصدر: Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, vol 10, iss 4

مصطلحات موضوعية: Nutrition, Cardiovascular, Obesity, Aging, Prevention, Aetiology, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Zero Hunger, Good Health and Well Being, Cachexia, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Humans, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis, Wasting Syndrome, chronic disease states, malnutrition-inflammation-cachexia syndrome, paradigm shift, reverse epidemiology, wasting disease, Medical and Health Sciences, Nutrition & Dietetics

جغرافية الموضوع: 433 - 442

الوصف: Purpose of reviewEmerging data indicate that conventional cardiovascular risk factors (e.g. hypercholesterolemia and obesity) are paradoxically associated with better survival in distinct populations with wasting. We identify these populations and review survival paradoxes and common pathophysiologic mechanisms.Recent findingsA 'reverse epidemiology' of cardiovascular risk is observed in chronic kidney disease, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive lung disease, cancer, AIDS and rheumatoid arthritis, and in the elderly. These populations apparently have slowly progressive to full-blown wasting and significantly greater short-term mortality than the general population. The survival paradoxes may result from the time differential between the two competing risk factors [i.e. over-nutrition (long-term killer but short-term protective) versus undernutrition (short-term killer)]. Hemodynamic stability of obesity, protective adipokine profile, endotoxin-lipoprotein interaction, toxin sequestration of fat, antioxidation of muscle, reverse causation, and survival selection may also contribute.SummaryThe seemingly counterintuitive risk factor paradox is the hallmark of chronic disease states or conditions associated with wasting disease at the population level. Studying similarities among these populations may help reveal common pathophysiologic mechanisms of wasting disease, leading to a major shift in clinical medicine and public health beyond the conventional Framingham paradigm and to novel therapeutic approaches related to wasting and short-term mortality.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: qt24j753cr; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24j753crTest

الإتاحة: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/24j753crTest

المؤلفون: Margeat, Emmanuel, Poujol, Nicolas, Boulahtouf, Abdelhay, Chen, Yan, Müller, Joachim D, Gratton, Enrico, Cavailles, Vincent, Royer, Catherine A

المصدر: Journal of Molecular Biology, vol 306, iss 3

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, Estrogen, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Generic health relevance, Anisotropy, Base Sequence, Dimerization, Estrogen Receptor alpha, Histone Acetyltransferases, Humans, Ligands, Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1, Protein Binding, Protein Structure, Quaternary, Receptors, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Response Elements, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Thermodynamics, Titrimetry, Transcription Factors, estrogen receptor, coactivator, affinity, photon counting histogram

جغرافية الموضوع: 433 - 442

الوصف: Nuclear receptors act as ligand-inducible transcription factors. Agonist binding leads to interaction with coactivator proteins, and to the assembly of the general transcription machinery. In addition to structural information, a thorough understanding of transcriptional activation by the nuclear receptors requires the characterization of the thermodynamic parameters governing these protein/protein interactions. In this study we have quantitatively characterized the interactions of full-length baculovirus expressed human estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), as well as ERalpha hormone binding domain (ERHBD) with a fragment of the coactivator protein SRC-1 (amino acid residues 570 to 780). Fluorescence anisotropy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of fluorescently labeled SRC-1(570-780) demonstrate unambiguously that the stoichiometry of the SRC-1/ERalpha/estradiol complex is one coactivator molecule per ERalpha dimer. The affinity of the estradiol or estriol bound ERalpha/SRC-1 complexes was found to be significantly higher than that observed in the presence of estrone. No binding was observed in the absence of ligand or in the presence of antagonists. Distinct anisotropy values for the ERalpha-SRC-1 complexes with different agonists suggest distinct conformations of the complexes depending upon agonist structure.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: qt9p08t66m; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p08t66mTest

الإتاحة: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p08t66mTest