المؤلفون: Xia, Ding^1,2 (AUTHOR), Han, Xin^3,4 (AUTHOR), Zeng, Yu^3,4 (AUTHOR), Wang, Jingru^1,2 (AUTHOR), Xu, Kelin^2,5,6 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Tiejun^1,2,6 (AUTHOR), Jiang, Yanfeng^6,7 (AUTHOR), Chen, Xingdong^6,7 (AUTHOR), Song, Huan^3,4,8 (AUTHOR) songhuan@wchscu.cn, Suo, Chen^1,2,6 (AUTHOR) suochen@fudan.edu.cn

المصدر: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Feb2024, Vol. 149 Issue 2, p133-146. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MENTAL illness, *MAUDSLEY personality inventory, *NEUROTICISM, *EXTRAVERSION, *DISEASE risk factors, *DISEASE clusters

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: Background: Neuroticism is a psychological personality trait that has a significant impact on public health and is also a potential predisposing factor for adverse disease outcomes; however, comprehensive studies of the subsequently developed conditions are lacking. The starting point of disease trajectory in terms of genetic variation remains unclear. Method: Our study included 344,609 adult participants from the UK Biobank cohort who were virtually followed up from January 1, 1997. Neuroticism levels were assessed using 12 items from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. We performed a phenome‐wide association analysis of neuroticism and subsequent diseases. Binomial tests and logistic regression models were used to test the temporal directionality and association between disease pairs to construct disease trajectories. We also investigated the association between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for five psychiatric traits and high neuroticism. Results: The risk for 59 diseases was significantly associated with high neuroticism. Depression, anxiety, irritable bowel syndrome, migraine, spondylosis, and sleep disorders were the most likely to develop, with hazard ratios of 6.13, 3.66, 2.28, 1.74, 1.74, and 1.71, respectively. The disease trajectory network revealed two major disease clusters: cardiometabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases. Medium/high genetic risk groups stratified by the PRSs of four psychiatric traits were associated with an elevated risk of high neuroticism. We further identified eight complete phenotypic trajectory clusters of medium or high genetic risk for psychotic, anxiety‐, depression‐, and stress‐related disorders. Conclusion: Neuroticism plays an important role in the development of somatic and mental disorders. The full picture of disease trajectories from the genetic risk of psychiatric traits and neuroticism in early life to a series of diseases later provides evidence for future research to explore the etiological mechanisms and precision management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Nixon, Neil^1,2 (AUTHOR) neil.nixon@nottingham.ac.uk, Guo, Boliang¹ (AUTHOR), Kaylor-Hughes, Catherine³ (AUTHOR), Simpson, Sandra² (AUTHOR), Garland, Anne⁴ (AUTHOR), Dalgleish, Tim^5,6 (AUTHOR), Morriss, Richard^1,2 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Journal of Affective Disorders. Jan2024, Vol. 345, p70-77. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *SECONDARY care (Medicine), *HAMILTON Depression Inventory, *BEHAVIOR therapy, *RANDOMIZED controlled trials, *MENTAL depression, *NURSE practitioners

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: Despite the known health costs of persistent depression, there is no established service framework for the treatment of this disorder and a lack of long-term outcome data to inform commissioning. To address this gap, we report the long-term clinical effectiveness of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing a specialist, collaborative model of care for people with persistent moderate to severe unipolar depression. A multicentre, pragmatic, single-blind, parallel-group randomised controlled trial comparing outcomes from a Specialist Depression Service (SDS) offering collaborative treatment with cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy for 12 months with treatment as usual (TAU) for persistent, moderate-severe depression in UK secondary care. Participants were initially assessed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 months, with primary endpoints (17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS17], and a Global Assessment of Functioning [GAF]) reported elsewhere (Morriss et al., 2016). Additional long-term, post-treatment, follow-up was made at 24 and 36 months with outcomes presented here. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01047124) and ISRCTN registration (ISRCTN 10963342). At 24 months there remained a statistically significant between-group difference in HDRS 17 –2.69 (−5.14, −0.23) and a non-significant improvement in GAF 2.85 (−1.23, 6.94), both favouring the SDS. Simple statistics are presented at 36 months, due to attrition, showing higher continued response and remission vs TAU across all measures. Potential bias through loss to follow-up, particularly beyond 24 months. Compared with standard secondary care, SDS management of persistent moderate-severe depression, produced long-term clinical benefits, sustained following treatment completion, suggesting a model for future specialist care. • Long-term outcomes of specialist care for depression are sustained to 36 months. • Specialist care for depression produces clinically substantial longer-term change. • Specialist care is associated with clinically important long-term functional change. • Longer-term outcomes for persistent depression in secondary care can be improved. • Limitations of our findings include the high loss to follow-up by 36 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Peek, Russell^1,2 rjp74@bath.ac.uk, Moore, Lee¹, Arnold, Rachel¹

المصدر: Medical Education. Dec2023, Vol. 57 Issue 12, p1248-1256. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PHYSIOLOGICAL stress, *STATE-Trait Anxiety Inventory, *SCIENTIFIC observation, *HOSPITAL medical staff, *LIFE support systems in critical care, *SIMULATION methods in education, *NEONATAL nursing, *MEDICAL emergencies, *COMPARATIVE studies, *PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, *HEART beat, *ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *ANXIETY, *NURSE practitioners, *PSYCHOLOGICAL stress

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: Introduction: Experiencing psychological stress may affect clinician performance in acute emergencies. While simulation is used extensively in healthcare education, it is unknown whether simulation effectively replicates the psychophysiological stress of real‐world conditions. Thus, this study explored whether measurable differences exist in psychophysiological responses to acute stress in simulated compared with real‐world clinical practice. Methods: In this within‐subjects observational study, stress appraisals, state anxiety and heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded during simulated and real‐world emergencies in a 6‐month training placement in neonatal medicine. Eleven postgraduate trainees and one advanced neonatal nurse practitioner participated. Mean (SD) participant age was 33 (8) years; and eight participants (67%) were female. Data were collected at rest and immediately before, during and 20 min after simulated and real‐world neonatal emergencies. In situ simulation scenarios were modelled on those used in accredited neonatal basic life support training. Stress appraisals and state anxiety were assessed using Demand Resource Evaluation Scores and the short State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, respectively. High‐frequency power, a component of HRV associated with parasympathetic tone, was derived from electrocardiogram recordings. Results: Simulation was associated with greater likelihood of threat appraisal and higher state anxiety. High‐frequency HRV reduced from baseline in simulated and real‐world emergencies but recovered further towards baseline 20 min after simulated events. Possible explanations for the observed differences between conditions include participants' previous experiences and expectations of simulation and the effect of post‐simulation debrief and feedback. Discussion: This study identifies important differences in psychophysiological stress responses to simulated and real‐world emergencies. Threat appraisals, state anxiety and parasympathetic withdrawal are educationally and clinically significant, given their known associations with performance, social functioning and health regulation. While simulation may facilitate interventions aimed at optimising clinicians' stress responses, it is vital to confirm that outcomes transfer to real‐world clinical practice. Do simulated emergencies recreate the psychological experience of real‐world clinical practice? They are certainly stressful, but perhaps in a different way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Hope, Terrie

المصدر: Energy Psychology. Nov2023, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p33-42. 10p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *POLICE, *BECK Anxiety Inventory, *MENTAL depression, *ANXIETY, *POLICE attitudes, *POST-traumatic stress disorder

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom, HAMPSHIRE (England)

مستخلص: Police officers in the United Kingdom (UK) have clinical levels of anxiety and depression and comorbid presentations of major depression and anxiety, at rates significantly higher than reported in the general population. Risk of stress is significant and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among police officers is now at a crisis level in the UK, affecting one in five officers. Complex PTSD (the result of chronic exposure to trauma) affects 12% of the working police population, resulting in a diminishing number of working officers. Access Bars, a noninvasive energy technique was evaluated for its effects on depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD, presented either singularly or in a comorbid state using subjective self-report measures. Methods: This case series included participants (n = 4) aged between 36 and 52 years who were police officers referred for treatment with a clinical diagnosis of one or more of depression, anxiety, stress, or PTSD. All participants had been previously treated with standardized methods and continued to present with mild to severe symptoms. Treatments were provided by a licensed Access Bars Facilitator at a naturopathic clinic in Hampshire, UK. The primary measure was the standardized selfreport method, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale--21 (DASS-21), with the addition of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) to evaluate PTSD in one participant. All were evaluated prior to receiving seven 60-minute sessions over seven weeks, with post evaluations upon completion of the last session. Results: All methods of evaluation showed a decrease in scores for all post measurements. DASS-21 depression scores had the highest pre scores, with 75% in the extremely severe category. Mean scores declined from 31 to 7.5 (75%, p = 0.02). Mean anxiety scores decreased from 20 to 12 (59%, p = 0.007) and mean stress scores declined from 24 to 8.5 (64%, p = 0.002). A secondary classifi- cation of a single participant classified as "acute needs" (AN; n = 1) had additional psychometric evaluations using BAI and PCL-5. BAI scores decreased from 26 to 16 (38%, p = 0.001) and PCL-5 scores declined from 38 to 18 (20 points or 51%, p < 0.001). An 18-point decrease for PCL-5 is considered a clinically significant change. Conclusion: Treatment with Access Bars showed a significant decrease in depression, anxiety, and stress in police officers where significant symptoms remained after standardized treatments. Simultaneous improvement was demonstrated in comorbid anxiety, depression, and stress. These results suggest that Access Bars shows promise as a treatment for depression, anxiety, and stress and may contribute to clinical improvement in PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Scott, Suzanne E.^1,2 (AUTHOR) suzanne.scott@qmul.ac.uk, Bruj, Geanina³ (AUTHOR), Beheshti, Shahryar³ (AUTHOR), Evans, Ruth² (AUTHOR), Awojobi, Oluwatunmise² (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Community Dentistry & Oral Epidemiology. Oct2023, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p887-895. 9p. 4 Charts.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *STATE-Trait Anxiety Inventory, *MOUTH tumors, *PATIENT participation, *DENTAL care, *PATIENT psychology, *MEDICAL protocols, *PRIMARY health care, *PATIENTS' attitudes, *COMMUNICATION, *SOUND recordings, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *ANXIETY, *EARLY diagnosis

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: Objectives: Dentists and other members of the dental team could raise awareness by talking about oral cancer during routine dental check‐ups. A communication guide has been developed to facilitate this. However, it has been suggested that discussions about oral cancer may raise patients' anxiety and this has been documented by dentists as a barrier to having these conversations. The current research aimed to investigate implementation of the communication guide and its impact on the dental patient. Methods: A consecutive‐case sample of adult dental patients attending primary dental care for a routine NHS check‐up at one dental practice were invited to take part in the study via letter prior to their appointment. Consultations of participating patients (n = 77) were audio‐recorded. Before and after their appointment, patients were asked to rate their current anxiety via the six‐item version of Spielberger's State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory. Audio recordings of each consultation were reviewed by two raters to determine the extent to which the dentist covered the topics recommended in the communication guide. Results: The dentist informed all patients that they were being checked for oral cancer, spoke about signs and symptoms, and discussed risk factors. However, they rarely recommended where help should be sought or addressed barriers to seeking help. Discussions took an average of 95 s. The extent to which oral cancer was discussed did not correlate with patients' post‐appointment anxiety. Patients made positive or neutral responses to the discussions. The few questions that were asked were easily addressed. Conclusions: As findings are based on one dentist working at one practice, generalization of these results should be cautious. The study indicated that using an evidence‐based guide to talk about oral cancer did not appear to raise patients' anxiety in this practice population. This could help to increase awareness of oral cancer in the endeavour to facilitate early cancer diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Francis, Ann, Erridge, Simon, Holvey, Carl, Coomber, Ross, Holden, Wendy, Rucker, James, Platt, Michael, Sodergren, Mikael

المصدر: Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy; Jun2024, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p103-116, 14p

مصطلحات موضوعية: CANNABIDIOL, MEDICAL marijuana, STATISTICAL correlation, PATIENT safety, CHRONIC pain, QUESTIONNAIRES, SCIENTIFIC observation, TREATMENT effectiveness, BRIEF Pain Inventory, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, LONGITUDINAL method, OSTEOARTHRITIS, RESEARCH, PAIN management, HEALTH outcome assessment, COMPARATIVE studies, PATIENT aftercare, THERAPEUTICS, EVALUATION

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: Osteoarthritis accounts for 0.6% of disability-adjusted life years globally. There is a paucity of research focused on cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) for osteoarthritic chronic pain management. This study aims to assess changes in validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and CBMP clinical safety in patients with osteoarthritis. A prospective case series from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry was analyzed. Primary outcomes were changes in the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ2), EQ-5D-5L, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire, and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups from baseline. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v.4.0 was used for adverse event (AE) analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.050. Seventy-seven patients met inclusion criteria. CBMP initiation correlated with BPI pain severity (p = 0.004), pain interference (p = 0.005), and MPQ2 (p = 0.017) improvements at all follow-ups compared to baseline. There were improvements in the EQ-5D-5L index (p = 0.026), SQS (p < 0.001), and GAD-7 (p = 0.038) up to 6 and 3 months, respectively. Seventeen participants (22.08%) recorded 76 mild AEs (34.86%), 104 moderate AEs (47.71%), and 38 severe AEs (17.43%). Though causality cannot be assumed in this observational study, results support development of randomized control trials for osteoarthritis pain management with CBMPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Winningah, Aisha Abdulsalam, Pereira, Monica

المصدر: Current Psychology; May2024, Vol. 43 Issue 19, p17175-17184, 10p

مصطلحات موضوعية: LIFE satisfaction, ALEXITHYMIA, MINORITIES, ANXIETY, MENTAL depression, GOSSIP, MASLACH Burnout Inventory

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: Alexithymia is the inability to express and recognise emotions and can be expressed in non-clinical populations. Alexithymia is typically experienced alongside depression, anxiety, and burnout. However, research in this area has not explored the extent to which alexithymia is experienced in Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic group. Access to treatment for this community are limited. The aim of the current research is to explore high vs. low scores of alexithymia on anxiety, depression, life satisfaction among British black and ethnic minority communities. A total of 94 participants had filled in questionnaires. Results indicated high levels of alexithymia resulted in increased anxiety, thus a decreased in life satisfaction. However the hypothesis of high alexithymia resulted in high depressive symptoms were not found. Additionally, there were no gender difference in alexithymia level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Current Psychology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Schneider, Christel, Masztalerz, Natalia, Hobson, Christopher W., Ahmed, Maharin, Shelton, Katherine H.

المصدر: Journal of Social Distress & the Homeless; May2024, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p198-209, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: WELL-being, SECONDARY traumatic stress, HOMELESSNESS, PROJECT managers, COVID-19 pandemic, SATISFACTION, MASLACH Burnout Inventory

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: Knowledge about the wellbeing of medical professionals working through the COVID-19 pandemic and its practice implications is expanding extensively. It remains, however, sparse for 'essential' (aka critical) community practitioners. We addressed this gap using a repeated-measures analysis of COVID-pandemic wellbeing experiences of critical, homeless-sector practitioners. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design, capitalizing on a pre-pandemic needs-analysis, longitudinally followed 42 practitioners (30 support staff and 12 project managers) in a single, national UK-based homeless-support organization. Practitioners completed measures, prior to and six months into the COVID-pandemic, of: mental wellbeing, secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout and compassion satisfaction. Our qualitative questions captured practitioners' wellbeing, working practice and support experiences in COVID-times. While the pandemic detrimentally impacted on levels of STS, burnout, and general wellbeing in support staff, managers' mental and professional wellbeing remained consistent with their pre-pandemic scores. Our qualitative analysis identified intense stressors in support staff (not shared by project managers) which hampered client-practitioner relationships and encouraged 'them-and-us' support staff-manager dynamics. The identified nuanced (and contrasting) stressors experienced by practitioners in a national UK homeless-support organization offer insight into what residual and new wellbeing challenges need to be addressed in research and practice as we recover and progress from the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Social Distress & the Homeless is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Badenhorst, Wessel M¹ (AUTHOR) wessel.badenhorst@up.ac.za, von Well, Rieka¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Australian Accounting Review. Jun2023, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p135-159. 25p. 10 Charts.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Fair value, Investors, Inventories, Inventory costs, Financial statements, Decision making

مصطلحات جغرافية: United Kingdom

مستخلص: The objective of this paper is to determine if fair value measurement for inventories is value‐relevant. Inventories are measured at historical cost and investors will have to estimate the fair value for themselves. For a sample of firms listed in the UK and reporting from 2009 to 2018, multivariate regression results show that the historical cost component of inventories on the balance sheet is value‐relevant, but that the fair value component is not. By contrast, both historical cost earnings and changes in the fair value of inventories are value‐relevant. Results therefore imply that investors need both historical cost earnings and fair value movements to make decisions. By extension, fair value measurements complement, rather than replace, historical cost information. Summary at a Glance: This paper considers if fair value measurement for inventories is value‐relevant and finds that investors need both historical cost earnings and fair value movements to make decisions. By extension, fair value measurements complement, rather than replace, historical cost information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: West, Helen M, Flain, Luke, Davies, Rowan M, Shelley, Benjamin, Edginton, Oscar T

المصدر: BMC Psychology; 3/28/2024, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p1-11, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: COVID-19 pandemic, MEDICAL students, WELL-being, PSYCHOLOGICAL burnout, OVERPRESSURE (Education), MENTAL illness, MASLACH Burnout Inventory

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: Background: Medical students face challenges to their mental wellbeing and have a high prevalence of mental health problems. During training, they are expected to develop strategies for dealing with stress. This study investigated factors medical students perceived as draining and replenishing during COVID-19, using the 'coping reservoir' model of wellbeing. Methods: In synchronous interactive pre-recorded webinars, 78 fourth-year medical students in the UK responded to reflective prompts. Participants wrote open-text comments on a Padlet site. Responses were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Analysis identified five themes. COVID-19 exacerbated academic pressures, while reducing the strategies available to cope with stress. Relational connections with family and friends were affected by the pandemic, leading to isolation and reliance on housemates for informal support. Relationships with patients were adversely affected by masks and telephone consultations, however attending placement was protective for some students' wellbeing. Experiences of formal support were generally positive, but some students experienced attitudinal and practical barriers. Conclusions: This study used a novel methodology to elicit medical students' reflections on their mental wellbeing during COVID-19. Our findings reinforce and extend the 'coping reservoir' model, increasing our understanding of factors that contribute to resilience or burnout. Many stressors that medical students typically face were exacerbated during COVID-19, and their access to coping strategies and support were restricted. The changes to relationships with family, friends, patients, and staff resulted in reduced support and isolation. Recognising the importance of relational connections upon medical students' mental wellbeing can inform future support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of BMC Psychology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)