المؤلفون: Idowu, Dare Leke¹

المصدر: Africa Today. Spring2022, Vol. 68 Issue 3, p144-145. 2p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PEACEBUILDING, *NONFICTION

مصطلحات جغرافية: KADUNA (Nigeria)

Reviews & Products: CRISIS of Belonging & Ethnographies of Peacebuilding in Kaduna State, Nigeria (Book)

People: MAIANGWA, Benjamin

المؤلفون: Sabiru, Aminu Yaradua¹ (AUTHOR) aminu.sabiru@umyu.edu.ng, Akinbolati, Akinsanmi^1,2 (AUTHOR) aakinbolati@fudutsinma.edu.ng, Ikechiamaka, Florence N.² (AUTHOR) fosuagwu@fudutsinma.edu.ng, Abe, Bolanle T.³ (AUTHOR) abebt@tut.ac.za

المصدر: Advances in Space Research. Jul2024, Vol. 74 Issue 2, p890-898. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *RADIO wave propagation, *CITIES & towns, *WIRELESS communications, *RADIO (Medium)

مصطلحات جغرافية: KADUNA (Nigeria), SOKOTO (Nigeria), KATSINA (Nigeria)

مستخلص: A good understanding of the behavior of the atmosphere is a key factor in radio wave propagation and link's design. This study investigated the influence of refractivity gradient, effective earth radius factor (k-factor) and geo-climatic factor (K-factor) on radio communication over the cities of Kaduna, Katsina and Sokoto, in Northwestern parts of Nigeria. Forty-one year's secondary data (1980–2020) of temperature, pressure and humidity at the surface 12, 100 and 250 m above ground level retrieved from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMRWF) ERA-5 reanalysis were used for the study. The three secondary radio-climatic parameters under investigation were computed and analyzed using latest ITU-R (Rec.P.453-14 (08/2019)) Models. It was observed that secondary radio-climatic variables exhibit seasonal type dependence. The research also reveals that the secondary radio-climatic variables depend on location, with all the study locations having different values. The highest value of refractivity gradient obtained is about −75.06 (N-units / km) in the month of February in Sokoto while the least of about −162.65 (N-units/km) was recorded in Kaduna in September. The value of the refractivity gradient is higher during the dry season compared to the wet season months with Sokoto recording the highest values for more than half of the months, followed by Katsina. Kaduna recorded highest number of lowest values of refractivity gradient. For the geoclimatic factor, it was revealed that Kaduna has an average maximum geoclimatic factor of 14.0000E-5 in September and an average minimum of 9.6677E-05 in February. Furthermore, the obtained values of k factor values for the study areas are higher than the standard value of, 4 3 (1.33). The k-factor in Kaduna ranges from 1.69 to 2.16 with mean value of 1.85 for dry season while for the wet season it ranges from 2.66 to 4.12 with a mean value of 3.74; the overall mean value for Kaduna is 2.80. In Katsina, it ranges from 1.66 to 2.20 with mean value of 1.81 for dry season while for the wet season it ranges from 1.95 to 4.00 with a mean value of 3.27; the overall mean value is 2.54. In Sokoto it ranges from 1.60 to 2.30 with mean value of 1.78 for dry season while for the wet season it ranges from 1.72 to 3.45 with a mean value of 2.59; the overall mean value is 2.19. The interpretation of this is that, radio signal propagation in the Northwest region of Nigeria is super-refractive. The overall findings of this research are essential for estimating location-dependent fade margins, which are useful for the design of wireless communication links for the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Aliyu, Kamaluddin T.¹ (AUTHOR) K.Tijjani@cgiar.org, Shehu, Bello M.² (AUTHOR), Adam, Adam M.³ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Scientific Reports. 4/6/2024, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p1-9. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *COVID-19 pandemic, *DIGITAL technology, *CORN, *CULTIVARS, *SOCIAL distancing, *PLANTING

مصطلحات جغرافية: NIGERIA, KADUNA (Nigeria)

مستخلص: The COVID-19 pandemic has been a life threatening and spreads wildly with physical human contact. Physical distancing is recommended by health experts to prevent the spread; thus, agronomic research has to be designed in conformity to this preventive standard during the pandemic. Consequently, this study was designed to evaluate the reliability of using digital tools in nutrient management research amid the COVID-19 pandemic in northern Nigeria. Fifty extension agents (EAs) were selected across 15 LGAs of Kaduna and Kano states. The EAs were trained on how to generate fertilizer recommendation using an android mobile phone-based nutrient expert (NE), to measure farmers' field sizes using UTM Area measure mobile phone app, and open data kit to record, submit and aggregate data during the exercise. Each EA covered 50 farms, where two nutrient management practices—one determined by the farmers: farmer fertilizer practice (FFP), and the other generated using the NE were evaluated. Results show that around 90% of the farmers have an average field size of 1.13 ha. All selected farmers used improved maize varieties for planting, among which 21% been able to use the exact recommended or lower seed rate. Use of inorganic fertilizer was 33% higher than the average recommended NE rate, while average yield of the NE fields was 48% higher than for the FFP. The results of this study indicate that yield can be improved with site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) extension approach. The SSNM using digital tools as the NE seem promising and befits to agronomic research in northern Nigeria amid the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Hassan, Mansur¹ mhassan@yumsuk.edu.ng, Sulaiman, Surajo¹

المصدر: Matematika. Apr2024, Vol. 40 Issue 1, p17-25. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *LOGARITHMIC functions, *CHEMICAL processes, *QUASI-Newton methods, *NONLINEAR programming, *ACID catalysts, *ALKYLATION

مصطلحات جغرافية: KADUNA (Nigeria)

مستخلص: Petroleum industries play a vital role in the global economy, and research institutions need to focus on optimizing their chemical processes. Achieving the ideal operating conditions for these processes is crucial for effective management decision-making. In the alkylation reaction, isobutane reacts with light olefins, like butylenes, in the presence of a strong acid catalyst to produce high-octane compounds. To optimize the profit function without relying on complex computer programming codes, we utilized a novel logarithmic penalty function (LPF) approach. This approach was specifically designed to handle nonlinear programming problems with irregular features. The approach was implemented using the fminunc routine function, employing quasi-Newton methods, and compared it with existing conventional methods (using nonlinear programming system optimization laboratory (NPSOL) code and Hock-Schittkowsky (HS)). The results demonstrated higher efficiency compared to NPSOL and HS approaches as the LPF method yielded a higher objective value, implying a more favorable outcome in terms of maximizing the desired outcome (e.g. profit). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Idoko, F., Adamu, J., Kazeem, H. M., Woma, T. Y.

المصدر: Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences; Mar2024, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p27-33, 7p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PESTE des petits ruminants, REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, GOATS

مصطلحات جغرافية: KADUNA (Nigeria), NIGERIA

مستخلص: Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) remains a threat to goat production in Nigeria. The study was designed to evaluate diagnostic efficiencies using different sampling techniques in detecting PPR virus with RT-PCR. A total of 29 samples comprising nasal swabs (NS), ocular swabs (OS), and rectal swabs (RS) were obtained from 13 goats, from suspected outbreaks in three Local Government Areas (LGA), namely Igabi, Sabon Gari and Giwa LGAs, in Kaduna state. More than one sample type (from different routes) here referred to as the multi-sampling technique was obtained per goat in Igabi and Sabon Gari, while a single sample type was obtained per goat in Giwa. The overall detection rate was 31.9%. Only 2 (33.3%) instances existed where only one sample type was positive; whereas on 6 (31.9%) occasions, at least one sample type from the same goat was found positive. The detection rate was 50%, 44.4% and 30% for NS, OS and RS respectively. PPR was not detected in Giwa. In conclusion, using RT-PCR targeting PPRV nucleoprotein gene, NS appeared to have a higher positive detection rate, while RS was the least reliable. Utilizing more than one sample type or multi-sampling technique from different routes per goat enhanced the detection rate of PPRV using RT-PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Mamuda, Kasimu, Sani, Muhammad Aliyu, Olonitola, Olayeni Steven, Saraja, Ahmodu Opaluwa

المصدر: Microbes & Infectious Diseases; Feb2024, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p148-154, 7p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MULTIDRUG resistance in bacteria, TUBERCULOSIS, DISEASE prevalence, ANTITUBERCULAR agents

مصطلحات جغرافية: KADUNA (Nigeria)

مستخلص: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious diseases that cause death worldwide; the emergence of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is of great concern for TB control program in Nigeria. Aim and Objective: To detect multi-drug and extensively drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Tuberculosis Patients in Kaduna State North west Nigeria. Study Design: This was a cross sectional study among tuberculosis patients attending Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) clinics in the three (3) senatorial districts of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Material and Methods: A total of 360 presumptive drug resistant tuberculosis patients' samples were collected and decontaminated using modified Petroff method (NaOH-Na-citrate-NALC) from August 2018 to December 2020. Drug susceptibility testing was performed on first- and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs for the 305 confirmed MTBC isolates using Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) Proportion Method. Results: A total of 67(21.8%) isolates were pan-susceptible, 176(57.5%) isolates were MDR-TB, Rifampicin and Isoniazid mono-resistant were 46(15.1%) and 17(5.6%) respectively. For the second line drugs, a total of 271(80.22%) isolates were found to be pan-susceptible and 35(19.88%) isolates were pre-extensively drug resistant TB. Conclusions: These findings established higher prevalence of MDR-TB and pre-extensively resistant TB in Kaduna state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Microbes & Infectious Diseases is the property of Microbes & Infectious Diseases and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Bello-Manga, Halima, Haliru, Lawal, Ahmed, Kudirat, Ige, Samuel, Musa, Hayatu, Muhammad-Idris, Zainab Kwaru, Monday, Binshak, Sani, Abdulrashid M., Bonnet, Kemberlee, Schlundt, David G., Varughese, Taniya, Tabari, Abdulkadir M., DeBaun, Michael R., Baumann, Ana A., King, Allison A.

المصدر: Implementation Science Communications; 1/15/2024, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p1-17, 17p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SICKLE cell anemia, MEDICAL personnel, CAREGIVERS, PLANNED behavior theory, QUALITATIVE research, PREVENTION

مصطلحات جغرافية: NIGERIA, KADUNA (Nigeria)

مستخلص: Background: Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are at high risk for stroke. Protocols for stroke prevention including blood transfusions, screening for abnormal non-imaging transcranial Doppler (TCD) measurements, and hydroxyurea therapy are difficult to implement in low-resource environments like Nigeria. This study aimed to examine the contextual factors around TCD screening in a community hospital in Nigeria using qualitative interviews and focus groups. Methods: We conducted a descriptive qualitative study in a community hospital in Kaduna, Nigeria, using focus groups and interviews. Interview guides and analysis were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) framework and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Transcripts were coded and analyzed using an iterative deductive (CFIR)/Inductive (transcribed quotes) qualitative methodology. Results: We conducted two focus groups and five interviews with health care workers (nurses and doctors) and hospital administrators, respectively. Themes identified key elements of the inner setting (clinic characteristics, resource availability, implementation climate, and tension for change), characteristics of individuals (normative, control, and behavioral beliefs), and the implementation process (engage, implement, and adopt), as well as factors that were influenced by external context, caregiver needs, team function, and intervention characteristics. Task shifting, which is already being used, was viewed by providers and administrators as a necessary strategy to implement TCD screening in a clinic environment that is overstressed and under-resourced, a community stressed by poverty, and a nation with an underperforming health system. Conclusion: Task shifting provides a viable option to improve health care by making more efficient use of already available human resources while rapidly expanding the human resource pool and building capacity for TCD screening of children with SCD that is more sustainable. Trial registration: NCT05434000. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Implementation Science Communications is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Marks, Sarah¹ (AUTHOR) Sarah.Marks@lshtm.ac.uk, Arogundade, Ekundayo² (AUTHOR), Carew, Mark T.¹ (AUTHOR), Chen, Shanquan¹ (AUTHOR), Banks, Lena Morgon¹ (AUTHOR), Kuper, Hannah¹ (AUTHOR), Adegoke, Femi² (AUTHOR), Davey, Calum^1,3 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Trials. Dec2024, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p1-15. 15p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *FAMILY planning, *HEALTH service areas, *FAMILY planning services, *CHILDBEARING age, *HEALTH facilities, *ZINC

مصطلحات جغرافية: KADUNA (Nigeria), NIGERIA

مستخلص: Background: Globally, women with disabilities are less likely to have access to family planning services compared to their peers without disabilities. However, evidence of effective interventions for promoting their sexual and reproductive health and rights remains limited, particularly in low- and middle-income settings. To help address disparities, an inclusive sexual and reproductive health project was developed to increase access to modern contraceptive methods and reduce unmet need for family planning for women of reproductive age with disabilities in Kaduna city, Nigeria. The project uses demand-side, supply-side and contextual interventions, with an adaptive management approach. This protocol presents a study to evaluate the project's impact. Methods: A pragmatic cluster-randomized controlled trial design with surveys at baseline and endline will be used to evaluate interventions delivered for at least 1 year at health facility and community levels in comparison to 'standard' state provision of family planning services, in the context of state-wide and national broadcast media and advocacy. Randomization will be conducted based on the health facility catchment area, with 19 clusters in the intervention arm and 18 in the control arm. The primary outcome measure will be access to family planning. It was calculated that at least 950 women aged 18 to 49 years with disabilities (475 in each arm) will be recruited to detect a 50% increase in access compared to the control arm. For each woman with disabilities enrolled, a neighbouring woman without disabilities in the same cluster and age group will be recruited to assess whether the intervention has a specific effect amongst women with disabilities. The trial will be complemented by an integrated process evaluation. Ethical approval for the study has been given by the National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Discussion: Defining access to services is complex, as it is not a single variable that can be measured directly and need for family planning is subjectively defined. Consequently, we have conceptualized 'access to family planning' based on a composite of beliefs about using services if needed. Trial registration: ISRCTN registry ISRCTN12671153. Retrospectively registered on 17/04/2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: YURKUSI, MAIRAM MEDUGU¹, APPAH, JOSEPH², DIKWA, KARDERAM B.², NDIBE, THANKGOD OSITADINMA², DANJUMA, ASABE³, BABAGANA, BINTU⁴

المصدر: Global Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences. 2024, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p33-44. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *ENDOPHYTIC bacteria, *SHOOTING (Sports), *RIFLE-ranges, *AIR forces, *MICROBIAL sensitivity tests, *HEAVY metals

مصطلحات جغرافية: KADUNA (Nigeria)

مستخلص: Chamaecrista rotundifolia is one of the few plant species growing on heavy metal-contaminated Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna. This microbially unexplored plant species can have microbial association with endophytes. This study was aimed at isolating, identifying and characterizing endophytic bacteria associated with the roots of Chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on the Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna. The identification of the endophytic bacteria was done using standard biochemical methods and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The isolates were then screened for antibiotic resistance, plant growth promoting properties and heavy metal tolerance using standard techniques.  Varied concentrations of heavy metal salts (Pb2+, Cr3+, Ni2+ and Mn2+) were used to test the isolates for their heavy metal tolerance. Four endophytic bacteria isolated from the roots of C. rotundifolia were Aerococcus viridans, Peribacillus simplex, Staphylococcus simplex and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results on antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the four isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics. The isolates possessed plant growth promoting properties by showing positive results for Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic (ACC) deaminase activity and phosphate solubilizing. Results also revealed that the isolates showed some degree of tolerance to the heavy metals. The tolerance of both A. viridans and P. simplex to chromium and manganese showed significant difference (p<0.05) across all the concentration levels of the metal salts. It is therefore concluded that Chamaecrista rotundifolia growing on Nigerian Air Force shooting range, Kaduna, is associated with endophytic bacteria which could be the reason the plant species thrive in heavy metal-contaminated site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: J. M., Banda¹ jimbanda31@yahoo.com, L. O., Adama², I. A., Joshua³, S. F., Banda⁴, O. J., Okojokwu⁵, G. C., Onyemelukwe⁶

المصدر: Science World Journal. 2024, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p259-263. 5p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *HUMAN papillomavirus, *SEXUAL intercourse, *IMMUNOGLOBULINS, *IMMUNOGLOBULIN G, *HUMAN papillomavirus vaccines, *PRECANCEROUS conditions, *VIRUS diseases, *PREMATURE labor

مصطلحات جغرافية: KADUNA (Nigeria), NIGERIA

مستخلص: Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) is one of the high-risk viruses that cause cervical cancers. Persistent infection with the virus leads to development of precancerous lesions of the cervix in infected women, which without medical intervention can progress to invasive cervical cancer. This study assessed HPV16-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the serum of women attendees of General Outpatient Department (GOPD) at General Hospital Kafanchan and Kagarko in Kaduna State. This was a cross-sectional study. Structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information and blood samples were also collected for testing. This was in addition to information collected from the laboratory analyzed. Five milliliters (5mls) of blood were aseptically collected from each of the 200 women, who had no history of HPV vaccination at the time of the study for the determination of HPV16-specific IgG antibodies using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay method. The sero-positivity for HPV 16-specific IgG antibodies among the women was 24.5%. The sero-positivity among women who had their first sexual intercourse at age 13-19 years was 37.6%, and it was significantly different from those who had their sexual debut at =20 years (14.8 %) (p=0.001). Sero-positivity also increased from 9.2 % in women with one lifetime sexual partner to 60.0% in those with multiple sexual partners(p=0.001). The finding showed that the women in this study have been exposed to the HPV-16 virus. Further study with a larger population of women in this locality to determine the level of susceptibility or immunity to HPV-16 is strongly advocated, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]