المؤلفون: Zeng, Qing¹ (AUTHOR), Reid, Julian² (AUTHOR), Saintilan, Neil³ (AUTHOR), Colloff, Matthew J.² (AUTHOR), Lei, Guangchun¹ (AUTHOR) guangchun.lei@foxmail.com, Wen, Li^1,3,4 (AUTHOR) li.wen@environment.nsw.gov.au

المصدر: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). Sep2019, Vol. 9 Issue 17, p9990-10003. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *SEASONAL temperature variations, *ENVIRONMENTAL protection, *ECOSYSTEM services, *COLD (Temperature), *GLACIATION

مصطلحات جغرافية: ASIA

مستخلص: For sustaining ecosystem functions and services, environmental conservation strategies increasingly target to maintain the multiple facets of biodiversity, such as functional diversity (FD) and phylogenetic diversity (PD), not just taxonomic diversity (TD). However, spatial mismatches among these components of biodiversity can impose challenges for conservation decisions. Hence, understanding the drivers of biodiversity is critical. Here, we investigated the global distribution patterns of TD, FD, and PD of breeding Anatidae. Using null models, we clarified the relative importance of mechanisms that influence Anatidae community. We also developed random forest models to evaluate the effects of environmental variables on the Anatidae TD, FD, and PD. Our results showed that geographical variation in Anatidae diversity is hemispheric rather than latitudinal. In the species‐rich Northern Hemisphere (NH), the three diversity indices decreased with latitude within the tropical zone of the NH, but increased in the temperate zone reaching a peak at 44.5–70.0°N, where functional and phylogenetic clustering was a predominant feature. In the Southern Hemisphere (SH), Anatidae diversity increased poleward and a tendency to overdispersion was common. In NH, productivity seasonality and temperature in the coldest quarter were the most important variables. Productivity seasonality was also the most influential predictor of SH Anatidae diversity, along with peak productivity. These findings suggested that seasonality and productivity, both consistent with the energy‐diversity hypothesis, interact with the varying histories to shape the contrasting hemispheric patterns of Anatidae diversity. Phylogenetic diversity (PD) and FD underdispersion, widespread across the species‐rich, seasonally productive mid‐to‐high latitudes of the NH, reflects a rapid evolutionary radiation and resorting associated with Pleistocene cycles of glaciation. The SH continents (and southern Asia) are characterized by a widespread tendency toward PD and FD overdispersion, with their generally species‐poor communities comprising proportionately more older lineages in thermally more stable but less predictably productive environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Chan, Francis Ka–leung, Goto, Shinya, Wu, Ming–Shiang, Abola, Maria Teresa B., Yeoh, Khay Guan, Sutrisna, Bambang, Chua, Siew Siang, Mahachai, Varocha, Turajane, Thana, Wu, Brian, Zeng, Qing Yu, Sugano, Kentaro

المصدر: Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Jul2012, Vol. 10 Issue 7, p753-760, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: NONSTEROIDAL anti-inflammatory agents, PLATELET aggregation inhibitors, DRUG utilization, CYCLOOXYGENASE 2, PROTON pump inhibitors, GASTROINTESTINAL diseases

مصطلحات جغرافية: ASIA

الشركة/الكيان: WORLD Health Organization

مستخلص: Background & Aims: We established a working group to examine the burden of atherothrombotic and musculoskeletal diseases in Asia and made recommendations for safer prescribing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and low-dose aspirin. Methods: By using a modified Delphi process, consensus was reached among 12 multidisciplinary experts from Asia. Statements were developed by the steering committee after a literature review, modified, and then approved through 3 rounds of anonymous voting by using a 6-point scale from A+ (strongly agree) to D+ (strongly disagree). Agreement (A+/A) by ≥80% of panelists was defined a priori as consensus. Results: We identified unique aspects of atherothrombotic and musculoskeletal diseases in Asia. Asia has a lower prevalence of degenerative arthritis and coronary artery disease than Western countries. The age-adjusted mortality of coronary artery disease is lower in Asia; cerebrovascular accident has higher mortality than coronary artery disease. Ischemia has replaced hemorrhage as the predominant pattern of cerebrovascular accident. Low-dose aspirin use is less prevalent in Asia than in Western countries. Traditional Chinese medicine and mucoprotective agents are commonly used in Asia, but their efficacy is not established. For Asian populations, little is known about complications of the lower gastrointestinal tract from use of NSAIDs and underutilization of gastroprotective agents. Our recommendations for preventing ulcer bleeding among users of these drugs who are at high risk for these complications were largely derived from Asian studies and are similar to Western guidelines. Conclusions: By using an evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach, we have identified unique aspects of musculoskeletal and atherothrombotic diseases and strategies for preventing NSAID-related and low-dose aspirin–related gastrointestinal toxicity in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)