التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
Exposure to Nicotine and Selected Toxicants in Cigarette Smokers Who Switched to Electronic Cigarettes: A Longitudinal Within-Subjects Observational Study |
| المؤلفون: |
Goniewicz, Maciej L, Gawron, Michal, Smith, Danielle M, Peng, Margaret, Jacob, Peyton, Benowitz, Neal L |
| المصدر: |
Nicotine & Tobacco Research, vol 19, iss 2 |
| بيانات النشر: |
eScholarship, University of California |
| سنة النشر: |
2017 |
| المجموعة: |
University of California: eScholarship |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: |
Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Substance Misuse, Lung, Prevention, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Cancer, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Biomarkers, Carcinogens, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine, Poland, Smoking Cessation, Smoking Prevention, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Marketing |
| جغرافية الموضوع: |
160 - 167 |
| الوصف: |
IntroductionElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are purported to deliver nicotine aerosol without any toxic combustion products present in tobacco smoke. In this longitudinal within-subjects observational study, we evaluated the effects of e-cigarettes on nicotine delivery and exposure to selected carcinogens and toxicants.MethodsWe measured seven nicotine metabolites and 17 tobacco smoke exposure biomarkers in the urine samples of 20 smokers collected before and after switching to pen-style M201 e-cigarettes for 2 weeks. Biomarkers were metabolites of 13 major carcinogens and toxicants in cigarette smoke: one tobacco-specific nitrosamine (NNK), eight volatile organic compounds (1,3-butadiene, crotonaldehyde, acrolein, benzene, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, ethylene oxide, and propylene oxide), and four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, and pyrene). Changes in urine biomarkers concentration were tested using repeated measures analysis of variance.ResultsIn total, 45% of participants reported complete abstinence from cigarette smoking at 2 weeks, while 55% reported continued smoking. Levels of total nicotine and some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites did not change after switching from tobacco to e-cigarettes. All other biomarkers significantly decreased after 1 week of using e-cigarettes (p < .05). After 1 week, the greatest percentage reductions in biomarkers levels were observed for metabolites of 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and acrylonitrile. Total NNAL, a metabolite of NNK, declined by 57% and 64% after 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, while 3-hydroxyfluorene levels declined by 46% at week 1, and 34% at week 2.ConclusionsAfter switching from tobacco to e-cigarettes, nicotine exposure remains unchanged, while exposure to selected carcinogens and toxicants is substantially reduced.ImplicationsTo our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates that substituting tobacco cigarettes with an e-cigarette may reduce user exposure to numerous toxicants and carcinogens ... |
| نوع الوثيقة: |
article in journal/newspaper |
| اللغة: |
unknown |
| العلاقة: |
qt5074c7z0; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5074c7z0Test |
| الإتاحة: |
https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5074c7z0Test |
| حقوق: |
CC-BY-NC-SA |
| رقم الانضمام: |
edsbas.F1D8BDD3 |
| قاعدة البيانات: |
BASE |
