المؤلفون: Zhang, Hengjia, Chen, Tao, Yu, Shouchao, Zhou, Chenli, Teng, Anguo, Lei, Lian, Li, Fuqiang

المصدر: Plants (2223-7747); May2024, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p1241, 22p

مصطلحات موضوعية: NITROGEN fertilizers, BIODEGRADABLE plastics, CORN, WATER efficiency, PLASTIC films, PLASTIC mulching

مستخلص: Residual film pollution and excessive nitrogen fertilizer have become limiting factors for agricultural development. To investigate the feasibility of replacing conventional plastic film with biodegradable plastic film in cold and arid environments under nitrogen application conditions, field experiments were conducted from 2021 to 2022 with plastic film covering (including degradable plastic film (D) and ordinary plastic film (P)) combined with nitrogen fertilizer 0 (N0), 160 (N1), 320 (N2), and 480 (N3) kg·ha⁻¹. The results showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) in dry matter accumulation, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, soil enzyme activity, or yield of spring maize under degradable plastic film cover compared to ordinary plastic film cover. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main factor limiting the growth of spring maize. The above-ground and root biomass showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase in nitrogen application level. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer can also improve the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters of leaves, maintain soil enzyme activity, and reduce soil pH. Under the nitrogen application level of N2, the yield of degradable plastic film and ordinary plastic film coverage increased by 3.74~42.50% and 2.05~40.02%, respectively. At the same time, it can also improve water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency, but it will reduce nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic use efficiency. Using multiple indicators to evaluate the effect of plastic film mulching combined with nitrogen fertilizer on the comprehensive growth of spring maize, it was found that the DN2 treatment had the best complete growth of maize, which was the best model for achieving stable yield and income increase and green development of spring maize in cold and cool irrigation areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Zhang, Hengjia, Wang, Yong, Yu, Shouchao, Zhou, Chenli, Li, Fuqiang, Chen, Xietian, Liu, Lintao, Wang, Yingying

المصدر: Water (20734441); Jun2023, Vol. 15 Issue 11, p2134, 21p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SWEET peppers, PLANT drying, IRRIGATION water, WATER efficiency, DEFICIT irrigation, NITROGEN in water, PLANT biomass

مستخلص: In order to optimize the water and nitrogen management mode and realize the efficient scale production of sweet pepper, from 2021 to 2022, field experiments on sweet pepper cultivation with different water and nitrogen coupling modes were conducted in the Hexi Oasis irrigation areas. The regulation effects of the water–nitrogen coupling mode on the dry matter accumulation characteristics, photosynthesis, yield, and water–nitrogen utilization efficiency of sweet pepper were further discussed. Irrigation was set for full irrigation (W1, 75–85% FC [field capacity]), mild (W2, 65–75% FC), and moderate (W3, 55–65% FC) water deficit levels. Three levels of nitrogen were applied, high (N1, 300 kg·ha⁻¹), medium (N2, 225 kg·ha⁻¹) and low (N3, 150 kg·ha⁻¹), with full irrigation and no nitrogen application used as the control (CK). The results showed that the appropriate water–nitrogen coupling mode could enhance the photosynthetic rate, increase dry matter accumulation and the accumulation rate, advance the days of a maximum rate of dry matter accumulation, and improve yield and water–nitrogen utilization efficiency. N1W1 had the greatest dry matter accumulation, the mean rate and the maximum increase rate of dry matter accumulation in sweet pepper, which was not a significant difference from N2W2, but significantly increased by 19.61%, 19.67%, and 23.45%, respectively, compared with CK. Water deficit significantly advanced the days of a maximum rate of dry matter accumulation. The days of a maximum rate of dry matter accumulation appeared 1.18–5.79 days earlier at W3 than at W2 and W1, and the maximum rate appeared gradually later with increasing irrigation. The net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance of N2W2 sweet pepper showed the best performance at all growth stages, significantly increasing by 23.87%, 27.71%, and 27.39%, respectively, compared with CK. Moreover, the Intercellular CO2 concentration was significantly reduced by 14.77% in N2W2 compared to CK. The N2W2 had the highest yield, water use efficiency, and irrigation water use efficiency of sweet pepper, significantly increasing 26.89%, 33.74%, and 31.22% compared to CK. Excessive water and nitrogen dosage reduced nitrogen partial factor productivity, while an appropriate increase in irrigation under reduced nitrogen conditions facilitated the water nitrogen potential. Passage path analysis further showed that water–nitrogen coupling promotes plant biomass formation and distribution by increasing photosynthetic assimilation capacity, ultimately increasing yield. Therefore, the N2W2 treatment (65–75% FC, 225 kg·ha⁻¹) is the ideal water and nitrogen mode for obtaining higher yields and water and nitrogen use efficiency of sweet pepper in a cold and arid environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Liang, Chao, Yu, Shouchao, Zhang, Hengjia, Wang, Zeyi, Li, Fuqiang

المصدر: Water (20734441); Oct2022, Vol. 14 Issue 20, pN.PAG-N.PAG, 18p

مصطلحات موضوعية: TOPSIS method, SEED industry, CORN seeds, ANALYTIC hierarchy process, CORN, WATER efficiency

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: In order to optimize the appropriate drought resistance measures in the implementation of high-efficiency and intensive production of maize seed, in 2018 and 2019, maize cultivation experiments with different drought resistance measures were carried out in the arid area of northwest China, including water retention agent (SA), white plastic film mulch (WF), black plastic film mulch (BF), straw mulch (SM), and open ground flat seed as control (CK). A total of five treatments were conducted. Ten specific indicators contained four types of attributes, namely the yield, quality, water use efficiency (WUE), and economic benefit of maize seed production, aimed at constructing a multilevel evaluation system. To improve the reliability of evaluation results, subjective and objective weights of indexes were calculated using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and entropy weight method (EWM), respectively. Then, based on the integrated weighting method of game theory (GT), the combined weights of subjective and objective unity were obtained. Finally, with the help of the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), a comprehensive benefit evaluation model was established to screen out the optimal drought resistance measures. Compared with CK, different drought resistance measures significantly improved the grain quality of seeds-production corn, and the average annual yield and WUE of black and white film treatments were improved by 49.57% and 42.97% and by 65.67% and 58.21%, respectively. This proved that black film mulching (BF) could significantly increase the yield and WUE of maize seed production and effectively improve grain quality, which could be used as the best drought-resistant cultivation mode for maize seed planting in Hexi and similar areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Wang, Yucai, Zhang, Hengjia, He, Zhongsheng, Li, Fuqiang, Wang, Zeyi, Zhou, Chenli, Han, Yi, Lei, Lian

المصدر: Water (20734441); Jun2022, Vol. 14 Issue 11, p1798-1798, 18p

مصطلحات موضوعية: DEFICIT irrigation, ISATIS, WATER efficiency, WATER consumption, ROOT growth

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: Although regulated deficit irrigation may improve crop yields, little research has been conducted on the effects of water deficits on Isatis indigotica, a popular herbal medicine. Field experiments were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to study the effects of regulated deficit irrigation on the net photosynthetic rate, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and quality of I. indigotica in northwest China. Plants at the vegetative and fleshy root growth stages were subjected to mild, moderate, and severe water deficits, and their photosynthetic physiological indexes, yield, and WUE were measured. Moderate and severe deficits, but not a mild deficit, significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation. The yield and WUE under mild deficit were markedly higher, reaching 8239.56 kg·ha⁻² and 8390.80 kg·ha⁻², respectively, in the vegetative stage and 24.11 kg·ha⁻²·mm⁻¹ and 23.62 kg·ha⁻²·mm⁻¹, respectively, in the fleshy root growth stage, while severe deficits significantly reduced yield and WUE. Mild and moderate deficits increased the content of (R,S)-goitrin, indirubin, and indigo, improving root quality, but severe deficits decreased these compounds. Therefore, a mild water deficit in the vegetative and fleshy root growth stages is optimal and can reduce water consumption and improve I. indigotica quality and WUE without reducing yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Li, Xuan, Zhang, Hengjia, Li, Fuqiang, Deng, Haoliang, Wang, Zeyi, Chen, Xietian

المصدر: Water (20734441); May2022, Vol. 14 Issue 10, p1563-1563, 16p

مصطلحات موضوعية: DEFICIT irrigation, WATER efficiency, IRRIGATION efficiency, MICROIRRIGATION, PUMPKINS

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: As the most effective irrigation method in arid and semi-arid regions, drip irrigation under mulch could general comprehension of the production efficiency of agricultural irrigation water, and reduce agriculture consumption of water resources. The paper has carried out an investigation over a two year period (2020–2021) in a semi-arid climate in the Hexi Oasis region of China, aiming at determining the influence of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) under mulch on the growth, yield, water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and quality of pumpkin at different growth stages. A total of nine treatments with three irrigation levels (75–85% field capacity, 65–75% field capacity, and 55–65% field capacity) have been used in four growing periods of pumpkin (seedling, vine extension, fruit expansion, and maturation stages). The results have shown that light water deficit treatment at the seedling stage had the highest water use efficiency (12.47 kg/m³) without significantly affecting yield (45,966.90 kg/ha), and improved pumpkin fruit quality. It was concluded that light water deficit at the seedling stage and adequate irrigation at other development stages was the optimal irrigation strategy for pumpkin growth. The results of this research provide theoretical and technical support for efficient water-saving plantation and industrialization of pumpkin in the Hexi Oasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: He, Xiucheng, Qiu, Huizhen, Xie, Kuizhong, Wang, Yucai, Hu, Juan, Li, Fuqiang, An, Jing

المصدر: Scientific Reports; 1/11/2022, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p1-12, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: WATER efficiency, NITROGEN in water, WATER use, WATER levels, SOIL moisture

مصطلحات جغرافية: GANSU Sheng (China), CHINA

مستخلص: Isatis indigotica planting is the backbone of the medicinal industry in Hexi Oasis, Gansu. In order to solve the problems insufficient water resources and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in this area, this paper explored the irrigation and nitrogen levels that can meet the multiple goals of Isatis indigotica. The two-factor split-plot field experiment (2018‒2019) was conducted in Minle County, Gansu Province, China, which contains 9 treatments. There were three levels of irrigation water: W1(low), W2(medium), and W3(high). The soil moisture contents were 60–70%, 70–80%, and 80–90% of the field water-holding capacity, respectively. The nitrogen application rate was classified into three levels, N1(low), N2(medium) and N3(high), which were 150, 200 and 250 kg N/ha, respectively. The standard local irrigation water amount and nitrogen application rate corresponded to W3N3. The results showed that the yield of Isatis indigotica increased first and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate, the yield of W2N2 is 12.2–17.1% higher than that of W1N1, the yield of W3N3 was 12.1–17.5% lower than that of W2N2. Saving water and reducing nitrogen can improve the quality of Isatis indigotica, compared with W3N3, the indigo, indirubin, (R,S)-epigoitrin and polysaccharides of W2N2 increased by 4.5–5.9%, 2.7–3.1%, 5.2–6.0%, and 1.8–2.1%, respectively. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the water use efficiency (WUE) first increased and then decreased, as the irrigation volume increases, WUE decreases. Compared with W3N3, the WUE of W2N2 increased by 24.3–27.2%. With the increase of water input, the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency (NUE) first increased and then decreased, as the nitrogen application rate increases, NUE decreases. Compared with W3N3, the NUE of W2W2 increased by 31.8–34.5%. Therefore, W2N2 can improve quality and increase water and nitrogen utilization efficiency on the basis of ensuring yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Zhou, Chenli, Zhang, Hengjia, Li, Fuqiang, Wang, Zeyi, Wang, Yucai

المصدر: Water (20734441); Dec2021, Vol. 13 Issue 24, p3510-3510, 1p

مصطلحات موضوعية: DEFICIT irrigation, WATER efficiency, MICROIRRIGATION, ROOT growth, SUSTAINABLE development, COVID-19, GAS exchange in plants

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: Water resource scarcity is an important factor restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in Northwest China. Regulated deficit irrigation can conserve water while maintaining high crop yields. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and water use efficiency of woad (Isatis indigotica) under mulched drip irrigation from 2017 to 2019 in a cold and arid area of the Hexi Oasis irrigation region, China. Sufficient water was supplied during the seedling stage. The control consisted of adequate water supplied during the other growth stages, whereas mild, moderate, and severe water deficits were imposed during the vegetative growth period, and a mild and moderate water deficit was imposed during the fleshy root growth stage. A mild water deficit was imposed during the fleshy root maturity period. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance under moderate and severe water deficit were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared with the control, respectively, during the vegetative growth period. The economic yield of mild water deficit during the vegetative growth and mild water deficit during the vegetative growth and fleshy root growth did not differ significantly (p > 0.05) from that of the control. Other treatments caused a 6.74–17.74% reduction in the economic yield of woad. The water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were the highest in the mild water deficit during the vegetative growth period and the fleshy root growth period. Therefore, the application of a continuous mild deficit from the vegetative growth stage to the fleshy root growth stage with sufficient water supplied during other growth periods is recommended as the optimal irrigation regime for maximum yield, water use efficiency, and water-saving of woad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Pan, Xiaofan^1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Hengjia¹ (AUTHOR) 596088683@qq.com, Yu, Shouchao¹ (AUTHOR), Deng, Haoliang² (AUTHOR), Chen, Xietian³ (AUTHOR), Zhou, Chenli¹ (AUTHOR), Li, Fuqiang³ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Agricultural Water Management. Mar2024, Vol. 292, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *NITROGEN in water, *WATER management, *AGRICULTURE, *NONPOINT source pollution, *WATER efficiency, *NITROGEN fertilizers

مستخلص: The oasis agricultural area of the Hexi Corridor in China supports industrial-scale seed maize production which depends on significant inputs of water and fertilizer, however, the effects of water-nitrogen interaction on seed maize yield and its components, and on water and nitrogen use efficiency in seed maize are unknown, making optimization of inputs impossible. Here, we conducted a study to address these unknowns. Specifically, we established a two-factor split-plot experiment in the Zhangye area of the Hexi Corridor with three irrigation levels of low, medium, and sufficient water supply (50%, 75%, and 100% of the local typical irrigation quota), and three nitrogen application rates of low (160 kg ha−1), medium (280 kg ha−1), and high nitrogen (400 kg ha−1); three irrigation levels without nitrogen fertilizer were used as the control. We found that there was a significant interaction between water-nitrogen combinations, all of which had a significant effect on seed maize yield and its components, and water and nitrogen use efficiency. The yield of seed maize increased with the increase in irrigation quota, but when the irrigation quota reached 100% of the traditional, yield exhibited an increasing and then decreasing trend with the increase in nitrogen application. During the 4-year test period, the maximum yield of seed maize was observed in sufficient water and medium-nitrogen treatment, reaching an average of 9509.38 kg ha−1. Lower nitrogen lowered water productivity, while lower irrigation quotas limited nitrogen utilization. The relationship between irrigation quota, nitrogen application, and seed maize yield was binary quadratic, and the coefficient of determination, R2, reached 0.963–0.985 indicating that the model predicted the yield of seed maize well. The main factor analysis of yield increase showed that the effect of irrigation quota was greater than that of nitrogen application. The optimal combination of water-nitrogen for the highest target yield was obtained with an irrigation quota of 100% of the local typical and a nitrogen application rate of 292.0 kg ha−1-383.2 kg ha−1. This result can be used as a reasonable water and fertilizer management guideline and a technical reference for the seed maize industry in the oasis agricultural area of the Hexi Corridor with objectives of stable and high yields, and reductions in the risk of nitrogen non-point source pollution. • Yield of seed maize showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase in nitrogen application. • Lower nitrogen lowered water use efficiency, while lower irrigation quotas limited nitrogen utilization. • Water-nitrogen coupling model predicted yield of seed maize well. • The effect of seed maize yield of irrigation quota was greater than that of nitrogen application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]