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    المصدر: The American journal of sports medicine. 49(4)

    الوصف: Background: Calcific tendinitis of the rotator cuff is a frequent cause of shoulder pain. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous lavage (UGPL) is an effective treatment, but factors associated with good clinical and radiological outcomes still need to be identified. Purpose: To study the clinical, procedural, and radiological characteristics associated with improved shoulder function and the disappearance of calcification on radiograph after UGPL. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of the CALCECHO trial, a double-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted on 132 patients. The trial assessed the effect of corticosteroid injections after UGPL, and patients were randomly assigned to receive either corticosteroid or saline solution in the subacromial bursa. We analyzed all patients included in the randomized controlled trial as 1 cohort. We collected the patients’ clinical, procedural, and radiological characteristics at baseline and during follow-up (3, 6, and 12 months). Univariable analysis, followed by multivariable stepwise regression through forward elimination, was performed to identify the factors associated with clinical success (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH] score Results: Good clinical outcomes at 3 months were associated with steroid injections after the procedure (odd ratio [OR], 3.143; 95% CI, 1.105-8.94). At 6 months, good clinical evolution was associated with a lower DASH score at 3 months (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.890-0.956) and calcium extraction (OR, 10.7; 95% CI, 1.791-63.927). A lower DASH at 6 months was also associated with a long-term favorable outcome at 12 months (OR, 0.939; 95% CI, 0.912-0.966). Disappearance of calcification at 3 and 12 months occurred more frequently in patients in whom communication was created between the calcification and the subacromial bursa during the procedure (OR, 2.728 [95% CI, 1.194-6.234] at 3 months; OR, 9.835 [95% CI, 1.977-48.931] at 12 months). Importantly, an association between calcification resorption and good clinical outcome was found at each time point. Conclusion: Assessing patients at 3 months seems to be an essential part of their management strategy. Calcium extraction and creating a communication between the calcific deposits and subacromial bursa are procedural characteristics associated with good clinical and radiological evolution.

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    المصدر: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 78:837-843

    الوصف: ObjectiveSteroid injections are common after an ultrasound-guided puncture and lavage (UGPL) of calcific tendonitis of the rotator cuff. However, steroids may prevent calcification resorption and negatively affect tendon healing. Our study was designed to determine whether saline solution was non-inferior to steroids in the prevention of acute pain reactions in the week following UGPL.MethodsThis was a randomised, double-blinded, controlled non-inferiority trial with 12-month follow-up. We included 132 patients (66 in each group) with symptomatic calcification measuring more than 5 mm. Patients received 1 mL of saline or steroid (methylprednisolone 40 mg) in the subacromial bursa at the end of UGPL. Primary outcome was the maximal pain during the week following the procedure with a prespecified non-inferiority margin of 10 mm (0–100 visual analogue scale). Secondary outcomes included pain at rest and during activity, function (disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand score) and radiological evolution of the calcification over the 12-month follow-up.ResultsThe estimated mean difference in the first week’s maximal pain between these two groups was 11.76 (95% CI 3.78 to 19.75). Steroids significantly improved VAS pain at rest and during activities, as well as function at 7 days and 6 weeks. They did not change the rate of calcification resorption, which occurred in 83% and 74% of patients at 12 months in the saline and steroid groups.ConclusionNon-inferiority of saline when compared with steroids could not be established. However, steroid injection improved pain in the 6 weeks following the procedure, and function in the 3 months after, with no significant effect on calcification resorption.Trial registration numberNTC02403856.

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    المصدر: Arthritis Research & Therapy, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2021)
    Arthritis Research & Therapy

    الوصف: Background Calcific tendonitis of the rotator cuff is due to carbonated apatite deposits in the shoulder tendons. During the evolution of the disease, an acute inflammatory episode may occur leading to the disappearance of the calcification. Although hydroxyapatite crystal-induced inflammation has been previously studied with synthetic crystals, no data are available with calcifications extracted from patients suffering from calcific tendinopathy. The objective of the study was to explore the inflammatory properties of human calcifications and the pathways involved. Methods Human calcifications and synthetic hydroxyapatite were used in vitro to stimulate human monocytes and macrophages, the human myeloid cell line THP-1, and human tenocytes. The release of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 by cells was quantified by ELISA. The gene expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines was evaluated by quantitative PCR. NF-kB activation and NLRP3 involvement were assessed in THP-1 cells using a NF-kB inhibitor and a caspase-1 inhibitor. The inflammatory properties were then assessed in vivo using a mouse air pouch model. Results Human calcifications were able to induce a significant release of IL-1β when incubated with monocytes, macrophages, and THP-1 only if they were first primed with LPS (monocytes and macrophages) or PMA (THP-1). Stimulation of THP-1 by human calcifications led to similar levels of IL-1β when compared to synthetic hydroxyapatite although these levels were significantly inferior in monocytes and macrophages. The patient’s crystals enhanced mRNA expression of pro-IL-1β, as well as IL-18, NF-kB, and TGFβ when IL-6 and TNFα expression were not. IL-1β production was reduced by the inhibition of caspase-1 indicating the role of NLRP3 inflammasome. In vivo, injection of human calcifications or synthetic hydroxyapatite in the air pouch led to a significant increase in membrane thickness although significant overexpression of IL-1β was only observed for synthetic hydroxyapatite. Conclusions As synthetic hydroxyapatite, human calcifications were able to induce an inflammatory response resulting in the production of IL-1β after NF-kB activation and through NLRP3 inflammasome. In some experiments, IL-1β induction was lower with human calcifications compared to synthetic apatite. Differences in size, shape, and protein content may explain this observation.

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    المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 7000, p 7000 (2020)

    الوصف: Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common problem, especially in people of working age, as well as in the elderly. Although the pathogenesis of tendinopathy is better known, therapeutic management of AT remains challenging. Various percutaneous treatments have been applied to tendon lesions: e.g., injectable treatments, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), corticosteroids, stem cells, MMP inhibitors, and anti-angiogenic agents), as well as percutaneous procedures without any injection (percutaneous soft tissue release and dry needling). In this review, we will describe and comment on data about the molecular and structural effects of these treatments obtained in vitro and in vivo and report their efficacy in clinical trials. Local treatments have some impact on neovascularization, inflammation or tissue remodeling in animal models, but evidence from clinical trials remains too weak to establish an accurate management plan, and further studies will be necessary to evaluate their value.

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    المساهمون: Sarcomes osseux et remodelage des tissus calcifiés - Phy-Os [Nantes - INSERM U1238] (Phy-Os), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Service de Rhumatologie [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), maurice, sandrine

    المصدر: Joint Bone Spine
    Joint Bone Spine, Elsevier Masson, 2017, Epub ahead of print. ⟨10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.10.004⟩

    الوصف: International audience; Calcific tendonitis of the rotator cuff is due to apatite deposits in the shoulder tendons. Patients affected by calcific tendonitis have chronic shoulder pain and disability. Although the disease is frequent, about 10 to 42% of painful shoulders, mechanisms leading to this pathological mineralization are still largely unknown. Research reported in the 90s suggested that the formation of calcific deposits is linked to cells looking like chondrocytes identified around calcium deposits within a fibrocartilage area. They were considered to be derived from tenocytes but more recently, tendon stem cells, able to differentiate into chondrocytes, were isolated. The pro-mineralizing properties of these chondrocytes-like cells, especially the role of alkaline phosphatase, are not currently clarified. The calcium deposits contain poorly crystalline carbonated apatite associated with protein. Among these proteins, only osteopontin has been consistently identified as a potential regulating factor. During the disease, spontaneous resorption can occur with migration of apatite crystals into the subacromial bursa causing severe pain and restriction of movement. In in vivo and in vitro experiments, apatite crystals were able to induce an influx of leucocytes and a release of IL-1β and IL-18 through the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, mechanisms leading to spontaneous resolution of this inflammation and disappearance of the calcification still need to be elucidated.

    وصف الملف: application/pdf

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    المصدر: Poster Presentations.

    الوصف: Background Disorders of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon (LHBt) are commonly recognized as a source of shoulder pain. Ultrasound (US) is thought to be of limited value in the diagnosis of partial-thickness tear and non-tear abnormalities of the LHBt because of the difficulty to assess its intra-articular proximal portion. Brasseur recently described that placing the arm in extension/external rotation increased LHBt intra-articular portion visibility. Objectives The goal of this study was to determine if the systematic assessment of the intra-articular portion of the tendon, from the rotator interval to its glenoid insertion, with the arm placed in extension/external rotation could increase US sensitivity. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. All patients referred for the treatment of a rotator cuff disease (rupture, tendinopathy, calcific deposit) with an available MRI were included. US was performed blinded from the results of the clinical or MRI using a Sonosite Edge with a 6–13 MHz probe. LHBt was studied at different level: in the bicipital groove, at the rotator interval, over the upper pole of the humerus head to its insertion on the superior glenoid tubercule. To increase the visibility of the proximal portion, we placed the arm in extension/external rotation as described by Brasseur [1]. Diagnosis of tendinopathy were tendon enlargement, hypoechogenicity and an increase in the interfibrillar distance. Subluxation or dislocation of the LHBt was defined as a partial or total loss of contact between the tendon and its groove. Tearing of tendon was defined as discontinuity or absence of tendon fibers. Fluid collection was defined as an anechoic ring around the tendon >2 mm. Abnormalities of the LBHt on MRI was retrieved from the report. LBHt abnormalities detected on arthroscopy were used as the gold standard. Results We included 129 patients, 57 female (44%), and mean age 54 years (33–73). Seventy-five (58%) had a rotator cuff tear and 54 (42%) a tendinopathy. Arthroscopy found LHBt pathological changes in 39% of the case. The summary of the findings obtained with MRI, US (distal and proximal) and arthroscopy are summarised in table 1. We calculated the sensitivity/specificity of MRI and US (at the proximal and distal level) in the detection of LHBt changes using arthroscopy as gold standard (Table 2). Conclusions US has a good specificity but a poor sensitivity in the detection of LHB tendon changes even when a systematic and carreful study of the proximal part of the tendon is undertaken. If detection of distal changes of the tendon in the inter-tubercular groove seems feasible with US, the involvement of the more proximal, intra-articular part of the tendon remains challenging. MRI sensitivity remains also poor. Overall, arthroscopy still remains the gold standard to detect LHB tendon intra-articular pathology. References Brasseur, The biceps tendons: from the top and from the bottom. Journal of ultrasound (2012) 15, 29–38. Disclosure of Interest None declared