المؤلفون: Lofthouse, Jordan Karl

المصدر: Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 2019, Vol. 9, Issue 1, pp. 21-39.

الوصول الحر: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/10.1108/JEPP-06-2019-0050Test

المؤلفون: Wong, Thomas, Christine, Trost

مصطلحات موضوعية: Indian country, Native Americans, traffic safety, motor vehicle fatalities, motor vehicle injuries, casinos, crash data, Humboldt County, traffic collisions, reservations

الوصف: This report presents findings from a recently completed pilot project that examined fatality and injury rates involving pedestrians and motorists on main thoroughfares in or near Indian country in Humboldt County, California.  Every year thousands of motorists die and millions more are injured on the nation’s roadways.  But while the number of fatal crashes nationally has declined by 2% over the past 25 years, the number of vehicle-related fatalities in or near Indian country has increased over 50%.  In order to understand the reasons for this increase and to begin developing safety countermeasures, we need better data documenting the problem.  This pilot study combined analysis of CHP’s Statewide Integrated Traffic Records System (SWITRS) database and other sources of crash data with GIS mapping to document the areas in or near Indian country in Humboldt County with the highest rates of vehicle related injuries and fatalities over the past five years.  The report includes analysis ofrates of traffic collisions involving fatalities in or near Indian Country over a five-year period (2004-2009) in Humboldt County; the number of these collisions involving youth, pedestrians, alcohol, and DUI; and the effect of a new casino on the rate of collisions involving fatalities and severe injuries. The report concludes with recommendations for next steps that might be taken to improve traffic safety in Indian country, including identifying hotspots, working with tribal police to document all traffic injuries, andworking with tribal members to assess risk conditions and evaluate safety efforts. The results of the analysis will be used to help Native nations document the dangers associated with roadways that, while they run through Indian country, are the responsibility of the state to ensure safe passage.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2qq76830Test

مصطلحات موضوعية: Multiobjective Optimization, Stakeholder Analysis, Pacific Northwest, Federal Government, Wind, Global Warming, California, PNW, Native Americans, Salmon, Libby Dam, Nez Perce, Freshwater Sustainability, Pakistan, Hydroelectricity, Umatilla, Reservations, CA, Political Ecology, Dworshak Dam, Sutlej River, Uncertainty, Congress, Energy Market, Mid-C, Linear Regression, Political Ecology Framework, Reservoir Operating Policy, Hungry Horse Dam, Political, BPA, Objectives, CRB, Stochastic, Hydropower Production, MOEA, Columbia River Basin, Licensing Processes, Optimal Policy, Borg MOEA, Army Corps of Engineers, Hydropower Operations, Reservoir Operations, Hydrometerolgical, Synthetic Weather, Hydropower, Simulation, Borg Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm, Optimization, Property Rights, NREL, Power Grid, Environmental Spill Violations, Climate Change, Legislation, India, Public Policy, Economic, Streamflow, Solar, CAPOW, Evolutionary Multi-Objective Direct Policy Search, Environmental, Dworshak Reservoir, Social, Columbia River, Rivers, Renewable Energy Transitions, Renewable Energy, Indigenous Tribes, Reservoir Optimization, Hungry Horse Reservoir, CAISO, Department of Energy, Yakama, Warm Springs, Mid-Columbia, Modeling, Flood Protection, Grand Coulee Dam, Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization, Hydropower Licensing Processes, Displacement, Bhakra Dam, Decarbonization, United States, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Pumped Storage Hydropower, Reservoirs, Electricity Prices, Bonneville Power Administration, Net-zero Emissions, Non-dominated Operating Rules, Dams

الوصف: The Earth is warming due to the burning of fossil fuels, leading to a growing interest in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. Hydropower plays a vital role in meeting global carbon mitigation targets, especially in the Mid-Columbia (Mid-C) energy market in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), where it currently comprises 50-65% of generation. However, with other renewable energy sources expanding, such as solar power in California (CA), hydropower operations at plants within the connected Mid-C market need to be modified to balance the more intermittent supply from renewables in CA. Our technical project aims to redesign hydropower operations in the Columbia River Basin (CRB) of the PNW to achieve a 95% renewable energy power grid in CA and the PNW by 2035, balancing objectives such as minimizing environmental spill violations, maximizing hydropower production, maximizing flood protection, and maximizing economic benefits through multi-objective optimization. The Columbia River Basin, which spans over an area of 260,000 square miles, is a significant watershed in the United States that is solely dedicated to the Columbia River. It serves as the drainage system for numerous rivers, creeks, and streams. In the 1930s, the federal government began constructing dams along this river for various purposes such as preventing floods, generating hydroelectric power, supplying water for irrigation, creating locks for navigation of boats and barges, and developing recreational areas. However, the hydropower operations and the construction of dams in the Columbia River Basin have resulted in significant environmental and social impacts, including the reduction of accessibility to salmon populations and disruption to the way of life of Indigenous populations who have relied on these lands, the Columbia River, and the salmon for centuries. The government has implicitly relied on technological determinism, sacrificing the humanitarian rights of Native Americans for the sake of hydropower advancement, while simultaneously achieving progress on their economic and environmental objectives for the larger American population who rely on the dams and the power grid. My STS research seeks to draw upon hydropower legislation and policy analyses in a global context to argue for successful approaches and frameworks for hydropower policy going forward in the California River Basin that ensure the rights and survival of Native American tribes in the region. A multi-stakeholder process in the context of hydropower in California could provide a valuable precedent for addressing the needs of multiple social groups and constituents in the future. Both projects enable me to explore how the United States can make systemic changes, motivated by the current state of the hydropower and energy sector, to balance multiple competing interests and stakeholders in the Columbia River Basin. For our technical project, we focused on adapting hydropower operations to support renewable energy transitions and freshwater sustainability in the Columbia River Basin. Achieving net-zero energy sector emissions requires rapid adoption of renewable alternatives to existing high-emissions infrastructure. The on-demand energy from hydropower uniquely facilitates the transition to renewable energy by meeting demands not met by weather-dependent energy sources like wind and solar. Because there are conflicting tradeoffs in hydropower operating policies, it was necessary for us to perform a multi-objective optimization after we had simulated the operations of reservoirs in the Columbia River Basin which serve as the supply of water for hydropower in the region. Our case study focused on designing operations at four reservoirs in the Columbia River Basin to balance environmental and economic objectives under potential future energy and climate conditions. These reservoirs included Hungry Horse, Libby, Dworshak, and Grand Coulee. Our objectives were to minimize environmental spill violations, minimize peak flood height, minimize flood frequency, maximize hydropower production, and maximize Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) revenue. We performed multi-objective optimization to design alternative reservoir operating rules that balance these conflicting objectives. We made use of two computational models – a power systems model for generating electricity prices from synthetic weather data to represent regional wind, solar, and hydropower capacities and a reservoir optimization model for generating optimal policies that balance the objectives. These models are coupled through the objective of maximizing the BPA revenue in our reservoir optimization, since calculating that revenue requires the electricity prices in the region. Our optimization model yielded nineteen non-dominated reservoir operating policies that dictate when to release water using parameters such as the previous day’s inflow and the storage of the reservoir. To evaluate the robustness of these policies and account for uncertainty, we simulated the outputted policies over four climate change scenarios and an energy scenario inspired by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) Mid-Case with 95% Renewables by 2035. The climate change scenarios we used were futures that are dry with high warming, dry with low warming, wet with high warming, and wet with low warming. Furthermore, the energy scenario we selected describes the projected distribution of energy across renewable sources for the years 2025, 2030, and 2035. In the end, we selected one optimal policy out of the nineteen which had the least significant tradeoff between the objectives. It effectively maximized hydropower output and BPA revenue, while minimizing spills, flood height, and flood risk. In this policy, the Dworshak reservoir is used for flood protection and all policies chose to keep Grand Coulee reservoir full to maximize hydropower production. Thus, through multi-objective optimization and scenario analysis, we were able to find alternative reservoir operations for the Columbia River Basin that balance all the system objectives and are robust to uncertainty. Future work should explore how uncertainties in energy and climate interact rather than their independent influences and optimize policies across these possible futures to improve performance. For my STS project, I focused on developing potential public policy to uplift Native American tribes affected by hydropower in the Columbia River Basin. The ongoing operations of dams in the Columbia River Basin have negatively impacted salmon populations, disrupting the traditional way of life and culture of Indigenous populations who rely on salmon as a staple food and cultural symbol. The construction of these dams between the 1930s and 1980s also resulted in the displacement and loss of Native American territory, leaving tribes living in federally assigned settlements with unsafe living conditions. The heavy use of the Columbia River has caused significant declines in water quality and threatens the survival of species like salmon. The negative impacts have disproportionately affected Indigenous tribes in the region, including the Nez Perce, Warm Springs, Yakama, and Umatilla tribes who settled with the federal government for their lost sites. Notable legislation that has been enacted thus far to address the environmental disruptions to salmon populations and displacement of Native Americans include the Northwest Power Act of 1980, the Columbia Basin Water Transactions Program of 2002, the Army Corps of Engineers’ development of more permanent housing for Native Americans under the Obama Administration in 2016, the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act of 2016, and the Biden-Harris Administration’s ongoing litigation with Indigenous tribes in the Columbia River Basin regarding salmon populations. Members of Congress and the US Department of Energy admit that inefficiencies in hydropower licensing processes are causing higher development costs and longer timelines which reduce the flexibility of the government to perform stakeholder analyses. Thus, the effects of hydropower operations on fisheries, recreation, and tribal and public lands are not being considered by the federal government. A framework I discovered in the academic literature on hydropower policy both domestically and internationally that can be applied to the case of Native Americans in the Columbia River Basin is the political ecology framework. In the paper—"Discussing Large Dams in Asia After the World Commission on Dams: Is a Political Ecology Approach the Way Forward?"—the authors present this framework which is characterized by the following: the framework examines the effects of large dams as well as the causes (economic and political motivations), it requires that ecological structures and functions be coupled with social, political, cultural, and economic influences, and it incorporates an actor-oriented model to look at environmental change and land-use conflicts that are occurring within politicized environments. In their paper, they analyze the case of the Bhakra Dam in India using this framework and comment on the social, political, and economic motivations behind the dam that are not immediately evident. An important similarity between the Bhakra Dam case and the Columbia River Basin case is the issue of arbitrary demarcations of land. The Bhakra Dam was built by India in a disputed territory with Pakistan called Punjab. Furthermore, India hindered Pakistan’s use of the Sutlej river which ran through both countries to construct the dam. In the Columbia River Basin case, Native Americans do not own the land they reside on—rather it is held ‘in trust’ by the federal government making it an arbitrary demarcation. Therefore, I pose two potential solutions using the framework of political ecology in the Columbia River Basin case—award property rights to Native Americans and design new licensing processes for hydropower. By giving Native Americans property rights, they have equity in the land and can therefore reap monetary benefits and power by selling it or cultivating the natural resources on it. With their own source of money, they can take charge over environmental restoration and uplifting the Native American community alongside the federal government instead of being dependent on the government for change to occur. By designing new licensing processes for hydropower, this enables the federal government to place reasonable conditions on hydropower licenses and protect tribal and public lands, safeguard water quality, and fishery resources.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::4e498e9a226c20a234344476aebca7f0Test

المؤلفون: Blizek, William L.

المصدر: Journal of Religion & Film

مصطلحات موضوعية: Native Americans, Reservations, Film and Media Studies

الوصف: This is a film review of Little Chief (2020) directed by Erica Tremblay.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol24/iss1/34Test; https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/context/jrf/article/2146/viewcontent/auto_convert.pdfTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.32873/uno.dc.jrf.24.01.34Test
https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/jrf/vol24/iss1/34Test
https://digitalcommons.unomaha.edu/context/jrf/article/2146/viewcontent/auto_convert.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Anita Moore-Nall

المصدر: Geosciences, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 15-29 (2015)

مصطلحات موضوعية: uranium, Native Americans, community based participatory research, abandoned mines, reservations, Geology, QE1-996.5

الوصف: Uranium occurrence and development has left a legacy of long-lived health effects for many Native Americans and Alaska Natives in the United States. Some Native American communities have been impacted by processing and development while others are living with naturally occurring sources of uranium. The uranium production peak spanned from approximately 1948 to the 1980s. Thousands of mines, mainly on the Colorado Plateau, were developed in the western U.S. during the uranium boom. Many of these mines were abandoned and have not been reclaimed. Native Americans in the Colorado Plateau area including the Navajo, Southern Ute, Ute Mountain, Hopi, Zuni, Laguna, Acoma, and several other Pueblo nations, with their intimate knowledge of the land, often led miners to uranium resources during this exploration boom. As a result of the mining activity many Indian Nations residing near areas of mining or milling have had and continue to have their health compromised. This short review aims to rekindle the public awareness of the plight of Native American communities living with the legacy of uranium procurement, including mining, milling, down winders, nuclear weapon development and long term nuclear waste storage.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3263/5/1/15Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3263Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a4504b199df14b6bb08ed62e85f837d2Test

المؤلفون: Busatta, Sandra

المصدر: Antrocom: Online Journal of Anthropology; 2018, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p5-26, 22p

مصطلحات موضوعية: BLOOD quantum laws, MOHAWK (North American people), SOCIAL control, TRIBAL law (Native Americans), FEDERAL laws, RACISM

مستخلص: Historically the Mohawks survived as a political-ethnic entity thanks to massive adoptions of people from other tribes, as well as European countries. They counted more 'galvanized' Mohawks than full-blooded ones already at the end of the 17th century. While they stopped adopting whole tribes after the Mourning/Beaver Wars, in the 18th century they still went on the warpath in order to take prisoners to adopt (those for sacrifice were a minority) as far as the Carolinas and Georgia. They managed to save their identity even during the 19th century, when many intermarried with the neighboring Whites, although the first cause of tribal turmoil were the repeated attempts of the 'conservative' minority to evict the so-called 'mixed-blood'. After the early 1970s the policy of evictions has changed: from the aim of a group of extremist militants in order to forcibly expel the 'non-Mohawks', that is the mixed-bloods and their relatives from the reservations, it has become a tribal council policy, which uses the manipulation of the blood quantum, used by the Canadian and US bureaucracies to define Indians, to evict political troublemakers and to check population growth, and especially the distribution of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Antrocom: Online Journal of Anthropology is the property of Antrocom Onlus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Ponicki, William R., Henderson, Jeffrey A., Gaidus, Andrew, Gruenewald, Paul J., Lee, Juliet P., Moore, Roland S., Davids, Sharice, Tilsen, Nick

المصدر: Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research; Mar2018, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p578-588, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: ALCOHOLIC liver diseases, DRUG addiction, HOSPITAL care, NATIVE Americans, CIRRHOSIS of the liver, POPULATION geography, PROBABILITY theory, REGRESSION analysis, SELF-mutilation, SUBSTANCE abuse, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, ALCOHOL-induced disorders

مصطلحات جغرافية: NEBRASKA, SOUTH Dakota, MIDWEST (U.S.)

مستخلص: Background: Despite high abstinence rates, American Indians experience elevated rates of many alcohol and other drug problems. American Indians also predominantly reside in poor and rural areas, which may explain some observed health disparities. We investigated whether geographic areas including reservations or large American Indian populations exhibited greater incidence of alcohol‐ and drug‐related hospitalizations. Methods: We obtained inpatient hospitalization records for 2 Northern Plain states (Nebraska and South Dakota) for the years 2007 to 2012. We constructed zip code counts for 10 categories of hospitalization with diagnoses or injury causation commonly associated with alcohol or drug use. We related these to community sociodemographic characteristics using Bayesian Poisson space–time regression models and examined associations with and without controls for whether each zip code was located within an American Indian reservation. Results: Controlling for other demographic and economic characteristics, zip codes with greater percentage of American Indians exhibited greater incidence for all 10 substance abuse‐related health outcomes (9 of 10 well supported); zip code areas within American Indian reservations had greater incidence of self‐inflicted injury and drug dependence and abuse, and reduced incidence of alcohol cirrhosis and prescription opioid poisoning. However, the analyses generally demonstrated no well‐supported differences in incidence associated with local residence percentages of American Indian versus African American. Conclusions: In our analyses, ethnicity or heredity alone did not account for alcohol‐ and drug‐related hospitalizations among Native populations. Aspects of social, economic, and political dimensions of Native lives must be considered in the etiology of alcohol‐ and drug‐related problems for rural‐dwelling indigenous peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Villegas, Celso

المصدر: Conference Papers - American Sociological Association; 2006 Annual Meeting, Montreal, p1, 20p

مصطلحات موضوعية: NATIVE American reservations, NATIVE Americans, SOCIAL history, ECONOMIC history, LIBERALISM, RESERVATION Indians (Native Americans), SOCIAL systems

مستخلص: What accounts for the social and economic conditions on reservations? This project approaches these questions from a historical-institutional perspective, arguing that the reason for such drastic differences in the social and economic conditions on reservations stems from a deep variation in the type of welfare regime constructed for Native Americans - one that deeply conflicts with the larger liberal state as a whole. Responding to the severe commodification of land and bureaucratic encroachment of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, governmental reformers during the New Deal attempted to resolve the economic situation for Native Americans by touting the communal reorganization of reservations. This critical juncture initiated a corporately-organized welfare regime on reservations, which has come into conflict with the inherent and ironic tendencies of the liberal state to equalize its citizens. Present-day economic and social outcomes on reservations are the result of a poorly-funded corporatist welfare regime, affected negatively from the inherent contradictions of a corporatist model attempting to coexist within a liberal state. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Conference Papers - American Sociological Association is the property of American Sociological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Carroll-Trujillo, Roselyn

المصدر: Teacher Education, Educational Leadership & Policy ETDs

مصطلحات موضوعية: Indigenous, Indigenous Research Paradigm, Rural Schools, Native Americans, American Indians, Reservations, Educational Administration and Supervision, Educational Leadership, Teacher Education and Professional Development

الوصف: Every single person has leadership ability. Some step up and take them. Some don't. My answer was to step up and lead. ̴Wilma Mankiller ̴ How well prepared are New Mexico school leaders to serve in leadership positions in rural communities with high ratios of Indigenous populations? In this study, I utilized an Indigenous research paradigm to explore policy, reciprocal relationships, licensure requirements in one state, and perceptions from a variety of individuals in rural communities to develop an understanding of what is necessary to create and sustain successful school leadership in an Indigenous community. An Indigenous paradigm of research works from design qualities including: 1) reciprocal relationships between researcher and the community or individuals; 2) developing understandings directly from Indigenous community members, a critical approach to consider both what is helpful and limiting in all that is analyzed; and, 3) being open to multiple perspectives of gathering data, interpretations, and experiences. The xi qualitative methods of data collection I used included individual electronic/email interviews of educators and community members, especially from Indigenous origins, using purposeful, snowball sampling and document analysis of policy related to Indigenous Education in the state, post-secondary educational curriculum, and internships required for principal licensure as well as legislative statutes. My overarching research question was: What are the leadership needs and expectations in rural Indigenous communities and how do they compare to leadership preparation? I analyzed participants’ responses to seven interview questions. Six distinct themes emerged: 1) Preparation to Lead, 2) Impact on Academic Progress, 3) Involvement in Indigenous Community, 4) Effective Skills, Qualities, Characteristics, and Experiences, 5) Preparation in College and Universities, and 6) Expectations. Participants expressed their expectations of school principals, described their observations of and ...

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/educ_teelp_etds/336Test; https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/context/educ_teelp_etds/article/1329/viewcontent/Roz_Carroll_Final__1_.pdfTest

الإتاحة: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/educ_teelp_etds/336Test
https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/context/educ_teelp_etds/article/1329/viewcontent/Roz_Carroll_Final__1_.pdfTest

المؤلفون: J. Kelly Robison

المصدر: American Studies Journal, Iss 49, p 4 (2007)

مصطلحات موضوعية: U.S, United, States, America, Native Americans, American Indians, reservations, statistical data, statistics, census, tribes, culture, economy, navajo, Political science, Political institutions and public administration (General), JF20-2112, Social Sciences, Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform, HN1-995

الوصف: When stereotypes of modern Native Americans are brought forward, these usually manifest themselves in visions of poor Indians living on reservations, which are on lands no one else wanted. Modern Native Americans are often stereotyped as drunks or succumbing to the pressure of gamblers to open their reservations to casinos. One place to start in order to disprove these stereotypes is the statistical data. What follows is not an interpretive essay in the classic scholarly vein, but an informative one that provides a picture of the state of Native America at the end of the Twentieth Century based on current statistical data.

العلاقة: http://www.asjournal.org/archive/49/5.htmlTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1433-5239Test; https://doaj.org/article/b94a78a74ace40749c018a018c2301b7Test

الإتاحة: https://doaj.org/article/b94a78a74ace40749c018a018c2301b7Test