المؤلفون: Correa, Juan C., Kneib, Thomas, Ospina, Raydonal, Tejada, Julian, Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando

المصدر: Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, Vol 19, Iss 4, Pp 333-346 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: heteroscedasticity, gamlss, scientific evidence., Psychology, BF1-990

الوصف: This paper provides a tutorial for analyzing psychological research data with GAMLSS, an R package that uses the family of generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape. These models extend the capacities of traditional parametric and non-parametric tools that primarily rely on the first moment of the statistical distribution. When psychological data fails the assumption of homoscedasticity, the GAMLSS approach might yield less biased estimates while offering more insights about the data when considering sources of heteroscedasticity. The supplemental material and data help newcomers understand the implementation of this approach in a straightforward step-by-step procedure.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.tqmp.org/RegularArticles/vol19-4/p333/p333.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1913-4126Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/2adf67064db948e7bc547c20193331c2Test

المؤلفون: Lucía Martínez-Garay

المصدر: Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 14 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: evidence-based sentencing, violence risk assessments, evidence-based policies, scientific evidence, criminal law, selective incapacitation, Psychology, BF1-990

الوصف: Evidence-based sentencing (EBS) is a new name for an aspiration that has deep roots in criminal law: to apply the sentence most appropriate to each offender's risk of reoffending, in order to reduce that risk as far as possible. This modern version of the traditional sentencing goals of rehabilitation and incapacitation fits into the broader approach of so-called “evidence-based public policy.” It takes the view that the best existing evidence for reducing reoffending are modern structured risk assessment tools and claims to be able to achieve several goals at once: reducing reoffending, maintaining high levels of public safety, making more efficient use of public resources, and moving criminal policy away from ideological battles by basing it on the objective knowledge provided by the best available scientific evidence. However, despite the success of this approach in recent years, it is not clear to what extent it succeeds in correctly assessing the risk of individual offenders, nor whether it achieves its intended effect of reducing recidivism. This paper aims to critically examine these two issues: the quality of the scientific evidence on which EBS is based, and the available data on the extent to which it achieves (or does not achieve) its intended goals.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1309141/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/23b5c8adc5474279825b5b6ab119c3f0Test

المؤلفون: Gal Rosenzweig

المصدر: Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 13 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: external validity, decision making, legal truth, scientific evidence, perception, discretion, Psychology, BF1-990

الوصف: In the criminal process, the fact finders assess the validity of impressions reported by witnesses based on their perceptions and determine what has happened in reality. However, these impressions are not subject to any external validity check. The Innocence Project revealed the failure of this subjective method and showed how it can lead to innocent convictions. The legal literature has examined ways to manage the risk of mistakes, but these ways are inconsistent with the scientific understanding of the need for external validity measurements, suggesting the need for new ways of thinking about the legal search for truth and justice.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.918282/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/4085c349c0d04f74b95e77ca15e0ab5aTest

المؤلفون: Kevin F. Boehnke, Daniel J. Clauw, Majd A Mokbel, Daniel J. Kruger

المصدر: Cannabis and cannabinoid research. 7(4)

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Demographics, Attitude of Health Personnel, Health Personnel, Average level, Medical Marijuana, Scientific evidence, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health care, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Cannabis, Pharmacology, biology, business.industry, Medical practice, biology.organism_classification, Factual knowledge, Complementary and alternative medicine, Family medicine, Medical cannabis, Psychology, business

الوصف: Introduction: Many health care providers would benefit from greater knowledge and awareness of medical cannabis, even if they choose not to integrate it into their medical practice. Unfortunately, health care providers generally report low knowledge of medical cannabis and cite this lack of knowledge as a barrier to making patient recommendations. It is important to understand health care providers' medical cannabis knowledge and its correlates. However, few studies have rigorously assessed clinically relevant cannabis-related knowledge, instead typically focusing on attitudes toward cannabis and perceived knowledge. Methods: Physicians in a university-affiliated health system completed an anonymous online survey. The survey assessed participants' basic demographics and medical experience, experiences with cannabis education, beliefs about their knowledge of and competency regarding medical cannabis, and knowledge of medical cannabis in relation to the current scientific evidence. Results: The average level of medical cannabis knowledge was 58% correct, with scores ranging from 39% to 78% correct. Perceived cannabis knowledge predicted actual knowledge, and those who pursued self-initiated study or attended a lecture on medical cannabis had higher knowledge levels. Conclusion: Levels of factual knowledge about medical cannabis among physicians were moderate. Our results highlight the mismatch between physician knowledge and cannabis policy. We offer our brief, 10-min assessment as a baseline for characterizing cannabis knowledge, acknowledging that the content and interpretation may change as knowledge advances.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::99a9a7c1c14669c3c4a40b0dd6e648ffTest
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34463161Test

المؤلفون: Margarida Passos, Cristina Fragoeiro, Carolina Ribeiro Machado

المصدر: Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría. 51:326-329

مصطلحات موضوعية: Paliperidone Palmitate, medicine.medical_specialty, Risperidone, Delusional disorder, Aggression, media_common.quotation_subject, Jealousy, Context (language use), medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Scientific evidence, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Psychiatry, Psychiatric ward, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, General Environmental Science, media_common, medicine.drug

الوصف: Introduction Although delusional jealousy accounts for merely 10% of delusional disorders, it is associated to risk of serious violence and suicide. With this clinical case, we intend to explore the difficulties in the pharmacological approach of delusional jealousy disorder and to summarise the most recent findings in the treatment of this condition. Methods Case report. Case presentation A 76-year-old man involuntarily admitted to a psychiatric ward due to threats of physical aggression to his wife in the context of irreducible ideas of her infidelity. Initially, we observed an improvement of symptomatology with risperidone and its long-acting injectable formulation, but the emergence of hypotensive side effects required the off-label use of paliperidone palmitate 50 mg/ml. Conclusions Few studies, mainly case reports, look at the specific treatment of delusional jealousy. Given the negative consequences for patients and for their spouses, better scientific evidence to treat this condition is needed.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3a0fb75782a5486db0d21cc56d547792Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2020.12.004Test

المؤلفون: Anna Jordana, Joan Pons, Marta Borrueco, Susana Pallarés, Miquel Torregrossa

المصدر: Revista de Psicología Aplicada al Deporte y al Ejercicio Físico, Vol 4, Iss 2 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: support provider, students-athletes, scientific evidence, consultancy, Sports, GV557-1198.995, Psychology, BF1-990

الوصف: El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de describir la implementación de un Programa de Asistencia de Carrera Dual (PACD) integrando la evidencia científica y la práctica aplicada en un club multideportivo privado especializado en deportes de agua. Con la finalidad de responder a la demanda realizada por el Club Natació Sabadell (CNS) al Grup d’Estudis en Psicologia de l’Esport (GEPE) sobre cómo promover la compaginación óptima del deporte y los estudios (i.e., carrera dual), este trabajo ha seguido las cinco fases propuestas por Ramis, Torregrossa, Pallarés, Viladrich y Cruz (2019) en el Modelo GEPE de Práctica Basada en la Evidencia (i.e., actualización documental, análisis de necesidades, intervención, evaluación, seguimiento). Las cinco fases del modelo se siguieron para (a) analizar las acciones que realiza el CNS para favorecer la carrera dual (CD) de sus estudiantes-deportistas, (b) optimizar los recursos de promoción de la CD ya existentes en el club, y (c) organizar y formar a un nuevo equipo de profesionales responsables del asesoramiento de los estudiantes-deportistas del CNS. El resultado final fue la instauración del Equipo de asesoramiento integral al deportista, el nuevo servicio del club para ofrecer apoyo en la compaginación del deporte y los estudios. Esta experiencia profesional puede servir de guía para profesionales que pretendan desarrollar intervenciones surgidas de demandas de organizaciones concretas (e.g., clubs, federaciones, instituciones), y quieran basar su intervención en documentación científica actualizada que ofrezca innovación, rigor y solidez a su práctica.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.revistapsicologiaaplicadadeporteyejercicio.org//art/rpadef2019a8Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2530-3910Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/858d1cce0b7c404da6764c176078fe0bTest

المؤلفون: Olena Maslova

المصدر: Sport Science and Human Health; No. 2(4) (2020)
Спортивная наука и здоровье человека; № 2(4) (2020)
Спортивна наука та здоров'я людини; № 2(4) (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Structure (mathematical logic), scientific knowledge, Sociology of scientific knowledge, Copying, Health technology, Ocean Engineering, Cognition, schoolchildren, social, health, hearing impairment, Scientific evidence, Physical education, personal, Mathematics education, ecological, prerequisites, Psychology, Inclusion (education), concept, biological, health formation

الوصف: Introduction. Today the question of formation of health of children and teenagers is comprehensively considered by the general system of scientific knowledge representing rather independent, purposeful cognitive multilevel activity. Aim is to define and characterize in a projection of the theory of scientific knowledge preconditions of development of the concept of health-forming technologies in the course of adaptive physical education of children of school age with hearing impairments. Material and methods: analysis and generalization of data of special scientific and methodical literature; monitoring of information resources of the Internet; sociological methods (questionnaires); method of copying (review and selection of materials from medical records); pedagogical methods (pedagogical testing, pedagogical experiment), methods of mathematical statistics. Results. According to the theory of scientific cognition, based on theoretical and empirical levels and forms of its functioning, we present the structure of definition and scientific evidence base of the prerequisites for the concept of health technologies in the process of adaptive physical education of school-age children with hearing impairments. scientifically-based socio-pedagogical, socio-economic, biological-medical, biological-physiological, ecological-environmental, ecological-cultural, personal-motivational and personal-effective provisions. Conclusions. Turning to the basics of the theory of cognition, we have identified four main categories of prerequisites for the author's concept and hypothesis of its effective implementation, which involves their direct consideration, namely the inclusion of social, biological, environmental and personal principles in the theoretical and methodological foundations of health technologies in adaptive physical education school-age children with hearing impairments

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::bcf8bda043a328346134df9582ba086cTest
http://sporthealth.kubg.edu.ua/article/view/221259Test

المؤلفون: Karolina Jalowska

مصطلحات موضوعية: Visual marketing, Digital marketing, business.industry, Semiotics, Social media, Mythology, Marketing, Psychology, business, Social marketing, Influencer marketing, Scientific evidence

الوصف: Instagram. Specifically, this MRP examines the visual social media marketing techniques utilized by vitamin supplement companies in health images on Instagram, and the images communicated messages and implications. Through a qualitative content analysis case study approach, two vitamin supplement companies Instagram images were analyzed and compared: Sugar Bear Hair and Ritual. An image analysis guided by Roland Barthes semiotic theory of myth was conducted on 20 images posted on each company’s Instagram profile on and before April 1, 2019. The results suggest that health brands use a variety of visual marketing techniques to market their brands and products to users on social media, such as colours, influencers, and computer-generated imagery. In addition, the communicated messages in health images, or the “Barthian” myths as referred to in this study, exaggerate and differ from the scientific evidence surrounding the efficacy of vitamin supplements. Lastly, the myths derived from the images have the potential to confuse consumers, which may lead to health repercussions. This research contributes to the field of health communications as it builds upon literature that has found that marketing health via traditional and social media can be misleading and that organizations and brands on social media can do more to communicate necessary and accurate health messages.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5496041deabc2c402ac66909407188faTest
https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14648214.v1Test

المؤلفون: Lola Mirouse

المصدر: Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online, Vol 14, Iss, Pp 42-52 (2022)
Reproductive Biomedicine & Society

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cultural Studies, Episiotomy, Health (social science), QH471-489, medicine.medical_treatment, Sociology of ignorance, World health, Scientific evidence, Nursing, Knowledge production, medicine, Biomedical technology, H1-99, Health professionals, Reproduction, Iatrogenic effects, Social sciences (General), Reproductive Medicine, Medical controversies, Preventive intervention, Original Article, Professional association, France, Psychology, Developmental Biology

الوصف: As scientific evidence from the UK and the USA in the 1980s was questioning the usefulness of episiotomy, the rate in France increased from 38% in 1981 to 58.4% in 1996. In 1996, the World Health Organization recommended limiting the episiotomy rate to 10%. This article aims to examine this paradox through an analysis of the French medical debate on episiotomy during the 1980s and 1990s. Drawing on an analytical corpus composed of 192 articles published in French professional journals of obstetrician-gynaecologists and midwives, it shows that the majority of these health professionals considered episiotomy to be a preventive intervention. The most influential professional organizations and experts manage to refute most of the international alerts on the limitations and side effects of episiotomy through the constant production of new justifications and competing knowledge for the procedure. In the 1980s, episiotomy was seen as a means to prevent tearing and thus avoid perineal dysfunction. Episiotomy and perineal re-education (which developed into a new health sector) were put forward as ‘the’ solution to the problem. From the mid-1990s onwards, the focus shifted from the mother to the baby as episiotomy was promoted as a way to reduce the risk of newborn mortality and morbidity. This article shows that the alerts and controversies on the assumed iatrogenic effects of biomedical technologies and practices were silenced through efficient and dynamic production of competing knowledge about their assumed benefits.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e2fd105fd35598fc1de1ea2957ac4de9Test
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405661821000228Test

المؤلفون: Martijn Hengeveld, A. Susan M. Niessen, Jorge N. Tendeiro, Rob R. Meijer, Marvin Neumann

المساهمون: Psychometrics and Statistics, Organizational Psychology

المصدر: Journal of experimental psychology-Applied, 28(1), 166-178. AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 28(1), 166-178. American Psychological Association
Neumann, M, Hengeveld, M, Niessen, A S M, Tendeiro, J N & Meijer, R R 2022, ' Education increases decision-rule use: An investigation of education and incentives to improve decision making ', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 166-178 . https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000372Test

مصطلحات موضوعية: Motivation, Actuarial science, SDG 16 - Peace, SDG 16 - Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Decision Making, 05 social sciences, Contrast (statistics), Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, PsycINFO, Decision rule, 050105 experimental psychology, Justice and Strong Institutions, Scientific evidence, Task (project management), Incentive, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Psychology, SDG 4 - Quality Education

الوصف: Robust scientific evidence shows that human performance predictions are more valid when information is combined mechanically (with a decision rule) rather than holistically (in the decision-maker's mind). Yet, information is often combined holistically in practice. One reason is that decision makers lack the knowledge of evidence-based decision making. In a performance prediction task, we tested whether watching an educational video on evidence-based decision making increased decision-makers' use of a decision rule and their prediction accuracy immediately after the manipulation and a month later. Furthermore, we manipulated whether participants earned incentives for accurate predictions. Existing research showed that incentives decrease decision-rule use and prediction accuracy. We hypothesized that this is the case for decision makers who did not receive educational information about evidence-based decision making, but that incentives increase decision-rule use and prediction accuracy for participants who received educational information. Our results showed that educational information increased decision-rule use. This resulted in increased prediction accuracy, but only immediately after receiving the educational information. In contrast to the existing literature, incentives slightly increased decision-rule use. We did not find evidence that this effect was larger for educated participants. Providing decision makers with educational information may be effective to increase decision-rule use in practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e3166ee7f98397bc875b75b26f8424d1Test
https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000372Test