المؤلفون: Haohan Sun, Wei Li, Yuwen Liang, Guanghao Li

المصدر: Plants; Volume 12; Issue 9; Pages: 1742

مصطلحات موضوعية: dry matter, fresh waxy maize, N remobilization, shading stress, yield

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Shading stress caused by plum rain season, which overlapped with grain filling process of fresh waxy maize in Southern China, significantly affected crop productivity. In order to investigate the effects of shading at different stages after pollination on the yield, accumulation, and remobilization of dry matter and nitrogen (N) in fresh waxy maize, field experiments were conducted, including shading at 1–7 (Z1), 8–14 (Z2), 15–21 (Z3), and 1–21 (Z4) days after pollination in 2020 and 2021. The results showed that shading reduced the fresh ear and grain yield and increased moisture content in Suyunuo5 (SYN5) and Jingkenuo2000 (JKN2000) compared to natural lighting treatment (CK). The ear yield decrease was more severe in Z4 (43.5%), followed by Z1 (29.7%). Post-silking dry matter and N accumulation and remobilization were decreased under shading stress, and those were lowest in Z4, followed by Z1. The remobilization of pre-silking dry matter and N were increased by shading stress, and the increase was highest in Z4, followed by Z1. The harvest index of dry matter and N was lowest in Z4 and second-lowest in Z1. In conclusion, shading decreased yield by affecting accumulation and remobilization of post-silking dry matter and N, and the impact was more serious when it introduced early during grain filling stage in fresh waxy maize production.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Plant Physiology and Metabolism; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12091742Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091742Test

المؤلفون: Pan-pan ZHANG, Yu-lu CHEN, Chen-yang WANG, Geng MA, Jun-jie LÜ, Jing-bao LIU, Tian-cai GUO

المصدر: Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Vol 20, Iss 12, Pp 3277-3288 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: foliar Zn application, soil N application, winter wheat, nutrient distribution, N remobilization, Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: Increasing zinc (Zn) concentration in wheat grain is important to minimize human dietary Zn deficiency. This study aimed to investigate the effect of foliar Zn and soil nitrogen (N) applications on the accumulation and distribution of N and Zn in grain pearling fractions, N remobilization, and the relationships between nutrient concentration in the vegetative tissues and grain or its fractions in two cropping years in the North China Plain. The results showed a progressive decrease in N and Zn concentrations from the outer to the inner parts of grain, with most of the accumulation in the core endosperm. Foliar Zn application significantly increased N concentration in the pericarp, and soil N application increased N concentration in each grain fraction. Both treatments significantly increased core endosperm Zn concentration. Foliar Zn had no effect on grain N and Zn distribution. Soil N application made N concentrated in the aleurone, promoted Zn translocation to the core endosperm and also increased N remobilization and its efficiency from the shoot to the grain, but no improved contribution to grain was found. N concentration in grain and its fractions were positively correlated with N in vegetative organs at anthesis and maturity, while positive correlations were obtained between N concentration in the pericarp and progressive central area of the endosperm and Zn concentration in the core endosperm. Thus, foliar Zn and soil N applications effectively increased yield and N and Zn concentrations in the wheat grain, particularly in the endosperm, and could be promising strategies to address Zn deficiency.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311920634918Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2095-3119Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/6c014ce10ee74ccda5037c7d5edcfd98Test

المؤلفون: John Bokaligidi Lambon, Joseph Sarkodie- Addo, James Mantent Kombiok

المصدر: Turkish Journal of Agriculture: Food Science and Technology, Vol 9, Iss 8, Pp 1514-1523 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: factorial, nodule effectiveness, replication, n remobilization, rhizobia, soybean, Agriculture, Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: Two experiments were conducted in the Savelugu-Nanton Municipality of the Northern Region of Ghana in 2012 and 2013 to assess the effect of N fertilizer on growth, N remobilization and grain yield of three local varieties of soybean (Glycine max [L] Merill). The experiments were a 3 x 4 factorial laid in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Factor A was soybean varieties (Jenguma, Quarshie, Ahotor); Factor B was 0, 15, 30 and 45 kg N ha-1. The experimental fields were planted manually on the flat by drilling and later thinned to 2 plants hill-1 at 0.50 m × 0.10 m with a population of about 400 000 plants ha-1. Growth and yield parameters measured were plant height, nodule number plant-1, nodule dry weight plant-1, percent nodule effectiveness, number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, 100 seed weight, harvest index and grain yield. The results showed that the control recorded lower figures in all growth parameters. Nitrogen remobilization was also observed in all plots, which indicate that soybean needs greater levels of N during grain filling. Again, N remobilization and soybean yield were highest in the 45 kg N ha-1 treatment compared to the other treatments. However, considering the overall yields, farmers in the study area should be advised to adopt starter N fertilization of soybean for higher yields as the soils are highly degraded in soil fertility.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.agrifoodscience.com/index.php/TURJAF/article/view/4340Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2148-127XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/6cb8f230dacf433eac02dbeff00e8c6aTest

المؤلفون: Yasuhito Sakuraba

المصدر: Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol 13 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: leaf senescence, nitrogen (N), N starvation, N remobilization, transcriptional regulation, Plant culture, SB1-1110

الوصف: Nitrogen (N), a macronutrient, is often a limiting factor in plant growth, development, and productivity. To adapt to N-deficient environments, plants have developed elaborate N starvation responses. Under N-deficient conditions, older leaves exhibit yellowing, owing to the degradation of proteins and chlorophyll pigments in chloroplasts and subsequent N remobilization from older leaves to younger leaves and developing organs to sustain plant growth and productivity. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on N starvation-induced leaf senescence as one of the representative plant responses to N deficiency, revealing that leaf senescence induced by N deficiency is highly complex and intricately regulated at different levels, including transcriptional, post-transcriptional, post-translational and metabolic levels, by multiple genes and proteins. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms associated with N starvation-induced leaf senescence.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.1013304/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/da0a5bab872e46ca8774e15dfb457387Test

المؤلفون: Zechariah Effah, Lingling Li, Junhong Xie, Benjamin Karikari, Jinbin Wang, Min Zeng, Linlin Wang, Solomon Boamah, Jagadabhi Padma Shanthi

المصدر: Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol 13 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: N remobilization, harvest index, 15N labeling, nitrogen uptake, sustainable production, Plant culture, SB1-1110

الوصف: Wheat grain yield and nitrogen (N) content are influenced by the amount of N remobilized to the grain, together with pre-anthesis and post-anthesis N uptake. Isotopic techniques in farmed areas may provide insight into the mechanism underlying the N cycle. 15N-labeled urea was applied to microplots within five different fertilized treatments 0 kg ha–1 (N1), 52.5 kg ha–1 (N2), 105 kg ha–1 (N3), 157.5 kg ha–1 (N4), and 210 kg ha–1 (N5) of a long-term field trial (2003–2021) in a rainfed wheat field in the semi-arid loess Plateau, China, to determine post-anthesis N uptake and remobilization into the grain, as well as the variability of 15N enrichment in aboveground parts. Total N uptake was between 7.88 and 29.27 kg ha–1 for straw and 41.85 and 95.27 kg ha–1 for grain. In comparison to N1, N fertilization increased straw and grain N uptake by 73.1 and 56.1%, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and harvest index were altered by N application rates. The average NUE at maturity was 19.9% in 2020 and 20.01% in 2021; however, it was usually higher under the control and low N conditions. The amount of 15N excess increased as the N rate increased: N5 had the highest 15N excess at the maturity stage in the upper (2.28 ± 0.36%), the middle (1.77 ± 0.28%), and the lower portion (1.68 ± 1.01%). Compared to N1, N fertilization (N2–N5) increased 15N excess in the various shoot portions by 50, 38, and 35% at maturity for upper, middle, and lower portions, respectively. At maturity, the 15N excess remobilized to the grain under N1–N5 was between 5 and 8%. Our findings revealed that N had a significant impact on yield and N isotope discrimination in spring wheat that these two parameters can interact, and that future research on the relationship between yield and N isotope discrimination in spring wheat should take these factors into account.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.859655/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/27062d2995d04d7281918d33ea70bca1Test

المؤلفون: Atsushi Takabayashi, Hiroyuki Tobita, Kenichi Yazaki, Mitsutoshi Kitao, Ryouichi Tanaka

المصدر: The Japanese Forest Society Congress. 2022, :22

المؤلفون: Hai-bo JIANG, Hong-xu LI, Ming-xin ZHAO, Xin-lan MEI, Ya-long KANG, Cai-xia DONG, Yangchun XU

المصدر: Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Vol 19, Iss 5, Pp 1340-1353 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: fertilization time, N distribution, N storage, N remobilization, Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd cv. Huangguan), Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: In order to improve the management of nitrogen (N) fertilization in pear orchards, we investigated the effects of application timing on the distribution, storage, and remobilization of N in mature pear trees in a field experiment at Jingtai County, Gansu Province, China. Nine trees were selected for the experiment and each received equal aliquots of 83.33 g N in the autumn, spring, and summer, with 15N-labeled (NH4)2SO4 used in one of the aliquots each season. Results showed that the (15N H4)2SO4 applied in the autumn remained in the soil during the winter. In the following spring this N was absorbed and rapidly remobilized into each organ, especially new organs (leaves, fruit and new shoots). The 15N supplied in spring was rapidly transported to developing fruit between the young fruit and fruit enlargement stages. 15N from the summer application of fertilizer was mainly stored in the coarse roots over the winter, then was mobilized to support growth of new organs in spring. In conclusion, for pear trees we recommend that the autumn application of N-fertilizer be soon after fruit harvest in order to increase N stores in fine roots. Spring application should be between full bloom and the young fruit stages to meet the high N demands of developing fruit. Summer application of fertilizer at the fruit enlargement stage does not contemporaneously affect the growth of pears, but increases the N stored in coarse roots, and in turn the amount available for remobilization in spring.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311919627589Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2095-3119Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/50eef7ef9d0a4a898d2fdcedd12a59f8Test

المؤلفون: Li-li ZHANG, Xiang-li ZHOU, Ye FAN, Jun FU, Peng HOU, Hai-long YANG, Hua QI

المصدر: Journal of Integrative Agriculture, Vol 18, Iss 8, Pp 1882-1892 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: maize, N remobilization, post-silking N uptake, stay green, plant density, Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: Stay green (SG) maize was found to have higher grain yield and post-silking nitrogen (N) uptake (PostN) compared with a non-stay green (NSG) hybrid. To understand the effects of plant density on grain yield (GY) and N efficiency in modern maize hybrids, we compared two modern hybrids (SG hybrid DY508 and NSG hybrid NH101) with similar maturity ratings at three plant densities (45000, 60000, and 75000 pl ha−1) in 2014 and 2015. GY, leaf senescence, dry matter (DM) accumulation, N accumulation, PostN, and post-silking N remobilization (RemN) were analyzed. DY508 and NH101 had similar GY, but DY508 had higher thousand kernel weight (TKW) and lower kernel number (KN) than NH101. Plant density significantly increased GY in the two hybrids. On average, over the two years, plant density improved GY in DY508 and NH101 by 18.5 and 11.1%, respectively, but there were no differences in total dry matter (TDM) and post-silking DM (PostDM) between the two hybrids. Plant density improved leaf N, stem N, and grain N at the silking and maturity stages in 2014 and 2015. DY508 was lower in harvest index (HI), nitrogen harvest index (NHI), and grain N concentration (GNC) than NH101. Grain N in DY508 was 2.61 kg ha−1 less than in NH101, and this was caused by lower GNC and leaf RemN. On the average, DY508 was 1.62 kg ha−1 less in leaf remobilized N (leaf RemN) than NH101, but was similar in stem remobilized N (stem RemN; 2.47 kg ha−1 vs. 3.41 kg ha−1). Maize hybrid DY508 shows delayed leaf senescence in the upper and bottom canopy layers in the later stages of growth. The present study provides evidence that the NH101, which has rapid leaf senescence at the late grain-filling stage, has gained equivalent GY and higher leaf RemN, and was more efficient in N utilization.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095311918620878Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2095-3119Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/5450cd6a92254c7a91a7ae0279a068aaTest

المؤلفون: Lifeng Ma, Shuangfeng Jiang, Min Deng, Lize Lv, Ze Xu, Jianyun Ruan

المصدر: Horticulturae; Volume 7; Issue 12; Pages: 544

مصطلحات موضوعية: N reserves, N remobilization, temperature, growing degree days, dormancy, timing of fertilization

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: The effect of thermal condition on the uptake of autumn and winter applied N and its subsequent utilization in spring tea (Camellia sinensis) was investigated by applying 15N enriched urea as single or split applications between October and February in two commercial plantations at Xingyang of Henan province and Yongchuan of Chongqing with different thermal conditions. The proportion of N derived from 15N-labeled urea (Ndff%) in fibrous root and mature leaves 15 days after application at Xingyang and the Ndff% of mature leaves on the day of the first spring tea harvest at both sites were the highest in the single October application. The Ndff% of the following spring tea was also the highest in the single October application at both sites. The results showed that application of N fertilizer in October relative to other later months most significantly improves the accumulation of plant N reserves and consequently contributes more significantly to the early spring tea. Such timing effect was related to the thermal condition, i.e., the growing degree days (°C•d, T > 8 °C) between the dates of fertilization and harvest of young shoots, which represents the combining effect of the temperature and the residence time of N fertilizer in the soil.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Medicinals, Herbs, and Specialty Crops; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7120544Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7120544Test

المؤلفون: Yansheng Li, Zhenhua Yu, Xiaobing Liu, Ulrike Mathesius, Guanghua Wang, Caixian Tang, Junjiang Wu, Judong Liu, Shaoqing Zhang, Jian Jin

مصطلحات موضوعية: Uncategorized, Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Plant Sciences, open-top chamber, N-15 labeling, nodule density, symbiotic N-2 fixation, N remobilization, Glycine max L, ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE, GLYCINE-MAX, ENRICHMENT FACE, N-2 FIXATION, TRIFOLIUM-REPENS, FIELD CONDITIONS, NORTHEAST CHINA, SOIL, PEA, GROWTH, 15N labeling, symbiotic N2 fixation

الوصف: © 2017 Li, Yu, Liu, Mathesius, Wang, Tang, Wu, Liu, Zhang and Jin. Nitrogen deficiency limits crop performance under elevated CO2 (eCO2), depending on the ability of plant N uptake. However, the dynamics and redistribution of N2 fixation, and fertilizer and soil N use in legumes under eCO2 have been little studied. Such an investigation is essential to improve the adaptability of legumes to climate change. We took advantage of genotype-specific responses of soybean to increased CO2 to test which N-uptake phenotypes are most strongly related to enhanced yield. Eight soybean cultivars were grown in open-top chambers with either 390 ppm (aCO2) or 550 ppm CO2 (eCO2). The plants were supplied with 100mg N kg−1 soil as15N-labeled calcium nitrate, and harvested at the initial seed-filling (R5) and full-mature (R8) stages. Increased yield in response to eCO2 correlated highly (r = 0.95) with an increase in symbiotically fixed N during the R5 to R8 stage. In contrast, eCO2 only led to small increases in the uptake of fertilizer-derived and soil-derived N during R5 to R8, and these increases did not correlate with enhanced yield. Elevated CO2 also decreased the proportion of seed N redistributed from shoot to seeds, and this decrease strongly correlated with increased yield. Moreover, the total N uptake was associated with increases in fixed-N per nodule in response to eCO2, but not with changes in nodule biomass, nodule density, or root length.

العلاقة: https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Elevated_CO2_increases_nitrogen_fixation_at_the_reproductive_phase_contributing_to_various_yield_responses_of_soybean_cultivars/13519928Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.26181/5ff546d52d5a0Test
https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Elevated_CO2_increases_nitrogen_fixation_at_the_reproductive_phase_contributing_to_various_yield_responses_of_soybean_cultivars/13519928Test