المؤلفون: Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Marilyn L. Piccirillo

المصدر: J Affect Disord

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Adolescent, Context (language use), Comorbidity, Anxiety, behavioral disciplines and activities, Article, Young Adult, Surveys and Questionnaires, Intervention (counseling), mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Major depressive episode, Depression (differential diagnoses), Nomothetic and idiographic, Depressive Disorder, Major, Depression, business.industry, Social anxiety, Phobia, Social, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Major depressive disorder, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Clinical psychology

الوصف: Introduction Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) often co-occur; however, there is limited research evaluating how cognitive-affective and behavioral factors maintain SAD and MDD for specific individuals. Evidence suggests that individuals exhibit symptom-level heterogeneity, necessitating a person-specific approach to assessment and intervention. We compared group and person-specific models of SAD-MDD comorbidity and hypothesized that individuals would demonstrate person-specific patterns of comorbidity factors that differed from the group. Methods Cisgender women (N = 35) with SAD and a current or past major depressive episode were recruited. Ages ranged from 18 to 37 years old and a majority of women were White (n = 18; 51.43%). Brief ecological momentary assessment surveys related to SAD-MDD comorbidity were administered five times a day for a month (T = 4,357). Results Multilevel and person-specific network analyses were used to examine between-, within-, and person-specific patterns. Intra-daily depressed mood demonstrated the strongest connections to other variables and exhibited additional, unexpected temporal effects. All models demonstrated person-specific patterns relevant to SAD-MDD comorbidity. Limitations These results are descriptive in nature from women with a similar psychiatric profile. Future research integrating intensive EMA and personalized modeling within the context of experimental design is needed to determine the extent to which individuals truly differ from the group. Conclusions Patterns of SAD-MDD comorbidity varied substantially across women, underscoring the potential for results from person-specific (idiographic) networks to inform the development and implementation of personalized directives for clinical assessment and intervention.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3bf498f0399b9736b6da115bdab63315Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.034Test

المؤلفون: Rebecca K. Blais, Marilyn L. Piccirillo, Elizabeth R. Bird, Sarah Campbell, Natalia Garcia

المصدر: J Sex Med

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Urology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, media_common.quotation_subject, Sexual arousal, Sexual Behavior, Orgasm, Article, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Endocrinology, mental disorders, Premature ejaculation, medicine, Humans, media_common, Reproductive health, Veterans, business.industry, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Sexual desire, Erectile dysfunction, Mood, Cross-Sectional Studies, Military Personnel, Reproductive Medicine, medicine.symptom, Psychology, business, Sexual function, Clinical psychology

الوصف: Background Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with sexual difficulties but the nuances of this relationship remain elusive. Research has increased in recent years, most notably following publication of several reviews in 2015. Aim This systematic review examines the relationship between PTSD and sexual difficulties in veterans/military personnel. Methods A systematic review was conducted using PRISMA guidelines in PsycINFO and PubMed databases for studies examining a diagnosis of PTSD or PTSD severity in relation to a range of sexual difficulties. Forty-three studies were identified that met inclusion and exclusion criteria for this review. RESULTS PTSD was associated with increased risk of experiencing at least one sexual difficulty. PTSD was most clearly associated with overall sexual function, sexual desire, sexual satisfaction, and sexual distress. Results were mixed for sexual arousal, orgasm function, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, sexual pain, and frequency of sexual activity. PTSD symptom clusters of avoidance and negative alterations in cognition/mood were most commonly associated sexual difficulties. Few studies compared results by gender and trauma type. Clinical Implications Clinicians should inquire about sexual health in relation to PTSD symptoms and target avoidance and negative mood symptoms by incorporating sexual exposure assignments and sexual activation exercises when appropriate. Strengths & Limitations This systematic review synthesizes an extensive literature that has grown substantially in the past 5 years and includes studies with low to moderate risk of bias. Limitations of the existing literature include challenges differentiating between PTSD and depression, inconsistent measurement of PTSD and trauma histories, inconsistent operationalization and measurement of sexual outcomes, and largely cross-sectional study designs. CONCLUSION PTSD is linked to a range of sexual outcomes. The current literature suggests that PTSD is associated with sexual difficulties related to both the sexual response cycle (ie, sexual desire) and one’s emotional relationship to sexual activity (eg, sexual distress). More research is needed to increase confidence in findings.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::a0dce6d1ff17ca7c5cb0b06ac5f4b00aTest
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34257051Test

المؤلفون: Lauren B. Alloy, Samantha L. Moore-Berg, Taylor A. Burke, Richard G. Heimberg, Marilyn L. Piccirillo

المصدر: Journal of Clinical Psychology. 75:481-498

مصطلحات موضوعية: 050103 clinical psychology, High prevalence, 05 social sciences, Implicit-association test, Negative bias, Disfigurement, Mental illness, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Psychology, 0302 clinical medicine, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Implicit attitude, Psychology, Clinical psychology

الوصف: Objective Despite the high prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), no research has systematically studied the occurrence and effects of stigmatization by others towards NSSI scarring. Methods The current study measured implicit and explicit attitudes among undergraduates towards NSSI scarring using the implicit association test and questionnaires to compare implicit and explicit biases towards NSSI with biases towards tattoos, a culturally sanctioned form of self-determined marking, as well as nonintentional disfigurement. Results Our study demonstrated strong negative implicit and explicit biases towards NSSI when comparing NSSI to tattoos and nonintentional disfigurement. Conclusions Results extend previous research describing stigma towards mental illness and suggest a large negative bias towards NSSI. The importance of studying how stigma affects those who bear scarring from NSSI is discussed.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::a8164f863d011d2a2e5383eead4e56b9Test
https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22713Test

المؤلفون: Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Madelyn R. Frumkin, Simon Haroutounian, Marilyn L. Piccirillo

مصطلحات موضوعية: Scale (ratio), PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Somatization, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Assessment, Chronic pain, Invariant factor, medicine.disease, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Clinical Psychology, Psychological pain, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, medicine, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Clinical Psychology|Depressive Disorders, Psychology, Clinical psychology

الوصف: Psychological pain is a significant risk factor for suicidality across several populations, including among undergraduates and individuals with depression. Chronic physical pain is also associated with increased risk for suicidality, and neuroimaging research suggests that psychologically painful experiences (i.e., rejection, loss) activate neural systems that are involved in physical pain. Despite these overlaps, psychological pain has not previously been examined among individuals with chronic pain. In the current study, we performed a psychometric analysis of a commonly used assessment of psychological pain in a sample of individuals with and without chronic pain. Confirmatory factor analyses and tests of measurement invariance were used to assess the hypothesized one-factor structure of the Psychache Scale and its relationship to depression and pain catastrophizing across individuals with and without chronic pain. Undergraduates (N = 724) completed the study, 100 of whom reported chronic pain lasting for at least 3 months (Mean duration of pain = 37 months). Results indicated that psychological pain, depression, and pain catastrophizing each loaded onto unique factors that were significantly positively correlated with one another. The model was invariant across the two groups, and individuals with chronic pain reported elevated levels of psychological pain, depression, and pain catastrophizing. These results indicate that the Psychache Scale may be a valuable tool for assessing the psychological component of chronic pain syndromes.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9e633517ac422fd43d35edd8a04df015Test
https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/48aqmTest

المؤلفون: Amanda L. Piccirillo, Elizabeth R. Packnett, David N. Cowan, Michael R. Boivin

المصدر: Journal of Asthma. 53:668-678

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, Active duty, Adolescent, Military service, Comorbidity, Logistic regression, Disability Evaluation, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Disability benefits, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Disabled Persons, Musculoskeletal Diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Psychiatry, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Retirement, Afghan Campaign 2001, business.industry, Incidence, Mental Disorders, Incidence (epidemiology), Age Factors, medicine.disease, Asthma, United States, Black or African American, Military personnel, Logistic Models, Military Personnel, Socioeconomic Factors, 030228 respiratory system, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business

الوصف: To characterize the demographic, disability and deployment characteristics of U.S. Armed Forces personnel with an asthma-related disability discharge, which includes separation (without benefits) and retirement (with disability benefits).Incidence rates for personnel evaluated for disability discharge and/or disability retired due to asthma and due to all other causes of disability discharge were calculated per 100,000 active duty enlisted service members by year. Multivariate logistical regression was used to examine the associations between disability retirement and several demographic and disability characteristics of service members evaluated for asthma-related disability discharge versus those evaluated for any other non-respiratory condition for each branch of military service.Service members evaluated for disability discharge related to asthma most often do not have comorbidity and are disability retired rather than separated, with rates of disability retirement increasing over time. Groups with a significantly higher incidence of evaluation for asthma-related disability include females, individuals who entered the military prior to the age of 20, non-Whites, and those with a history of deployment to Iraq or Afghanistan. The characteristic most associated with the odds of disability retirement was a history of deployment.New-onset asthma occurring after military entry often causes occupational impairment in service members, especially in those that have been deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3c252425a659d131660ec258ba4f27c5Test
https://doi.org/10.3109/02770903.2016.1154070Test

المؤلفون: Ian H. Gotlib, Thomas L. Rodebaugh, Renee J. Thompson, Natasha A. Tonge, Marilyn L. Piccirillo, Julia K. Langer

المصدر: Journal of affective disorders. 243

مصطلحات موضوعية: Psychological intervention, Latent variable, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Depression (differential diagnoses), Depressive Disorder, Major, Depression, Perspective (graphical), Social anxiety, Phobia, Social, Fear, Mental illness, medicine.disease, Anxiety Disorders, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Major depressive disorder, Female, Psychology, Depressed mood, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology

الوصف: Background We used network analyses to examine symptoms that may play a role in the co-occurrence of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Whereas latent variable models examine relations among latent constructs, network analyses have the advantage of characterizing direct relations among the symptoms themselves. Method We conducted network modeling on symptoms of social anxiety and depression in a clinical sample of 130 women who met criteria for SAD, MDD, both disorders, or had no lifetime history of mental illness. Results In the resulting network, the core symptoms of social fear and depressed mood appeared at opposite ends of the network and were weakly related; so-called “bridges” between these symptoms appeared to occur via intervening variables. In particular, the worthless variable appeared to play a central role in the network. Limitations Because our data were cross-sectional, we are unable to draw conclusions about the direction of these effects or whether these variables are related to each other prospectively. Conclusions Continued testing of these pathways using longitudinal data will help facilitate the development of more effective clinical interventions for these disorders.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::106555a3efa4ac1298c0fcf90686d13aTest
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30292147Test

المؤلفون: Raymond A. Jean, Dorina Kallogjeri, Sheila M. Gaynor, Edward L. Spitznagel, Marilyn L. Piccirillo, Jay F. Piccirillo

المصدر: Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 219:245-255

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MEDLINE, Patient Discharge Summaries, Comorbidity, Article, Chart, Neoplasms, Internal medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Hospital discharge, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Collection methods, Aged, 80 and over, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Data Collection, Clinical Coding, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Physical therapy, Female, Surgery, Risk of death, business

الوصف: Background Multiple valid comorbidity indices exist to quantify the presence and role of comorbidities in cancer patient survival. Our goal was to compare chart-based Adult Comorbidity Evaluation-27 index (ACE-27) and claims-based Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) methods of identifying comorbid ailments and their prognostic abilities. Study Design We conducted a prospective cohort study of 6,138 newly diagnosed cancer patients at 12 different institutions. Participating registrars were trained to collect comorbidities from the abstracted chart using the ACE-27 method. The ACE-27 assessment was compared with comorbidities captured through hospital discharge face sheets using ICD coding. The prognostic accomplishments of each comorbidity method were examined using follow-up data assessed at 24 months after data abstraction. Results Distribution of the ACE-27 scores was: "none" for 1,453 (24%) of the patients; "mild" for 2,388 (39%); "moderate" for 1,344 (22%), and "severe" for 950 (15%) of the patients. Deyo's adaption of the CCI identified 4,265 (69%) patients with a CCI score of 0, and the remaining 31% had CCI scores of 1 (n = 1,341 [22%]), 2 (n = 365 [6%]), or 3 or more (n = 167 [3%]). Of the 4,265 patients with a CCI score of zero, 394 (9%) were coded with severe comorbidities based on ACE-27 method. A higher comorbidity score was significantly associated with higher risk of death for both comorbidity indices. The multivariable Cox model, including both comorbidity indices, had the best performance (Nagelkerke's R 2 = 0.37) and the best discrimination (C index = 0.827). Conclusions The number, type, and overall severity of comorbid ailments identified by chart- and claims-based approaches in newly diagnosed cancer patients were notably different. Both indices were prognostically significant and able to provide unique prognostic information.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::97faa90c4f3173e15c92df25e57402d3Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.01.059Test

المؤلفون: Marlene E. Gubata, David W. Niebuhr, Caitlin D. Blandford, Amanda L Piccirillo, David N. Cowan, Elizabeth R. Packnett

المصدر: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation. 29:65-75

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Traumatic brain injury, Eligibility Determination, Poison control, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, Disability Evaluation, Injury prevention, Humans, Medicine, Psychiatry, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Veterans Disability Claims, Veterans Affairs, Veterans, Chronic care, Retirement, Afghan Campaign 2001, business.industry, Incidence, Public health, Rehabilitation, medicine.disease, United States, nervous system diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Brain Injuries, Compensation and Redress, Female, Neurology (clinical), business

الوصف: BACKGROUND:: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been recognized as a major public health issue for several decades. Despite technological advancements in protective equipment and medical care available during recent military conflicts, TBI is the most common neurological condition among Soldiers and Marines evaluated for discharge from service. This study describes the demographic, service-related, and disability characteristics of Soldiers and Marines referred for combat-related TBI disability evaluation. METHODS:: Cross-sectional analysis of Soldiers and Marines evaluated for combat-related disability between October 1, 2004 and September 30, 2010 was performed. Traumatic brain injury cases were identified using the Veterans Affairs Schedule for Rating Disabilities code for TBI and compared with other combat-related disabilities. RESULTS:: Combat-related TBI disability rates have significantly increased in both the Army and the Marine Corps since 2005. Significantly more unfitting conditions are present on average in combat-related TBI cases than in other combat-related disability cases. Combat-related TBI disability cases are more likely to be medically retired than other types of combat-related disability. CONCLUSIONS:: Because veterans with combat-related TBI disabilities are likely to require chronic care for TBI-associated medical conditions, disability evaluation policy and programs must ensure that combat-related TBI disabilities are accurately identified and compensated, and the potential long-term care needs are addressed. Language: en

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::33be944d69f085131b5b23dce288a7eaTest
https://doi.org/10.1097/htr.0b013e318295f590Test

المؤلفون: Elizabeth R. Packnett, David N. Cowan, David W. Niebuhr, Michael R. Boivin, Amanda L Piccirillo, Marlene E. Gubata

المصدر: Spine. 39(9)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Overweight, Back injury, Odds, Body Mass Index, Disability Evaluation, Ambulatory care, Risk Factors, Environmental health, Epidemiology, Medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Disabled Persons, education, health care economics and organizations, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Age Factors, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, Military personnel, Military Personnel, Case-Control Studies, Back Injuries, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Demography

الوصف: Study design Matched case-control epidemiological study. Objective To identify pre-enlistment, demographic, and service-related risk factors for back-related disability in enlisted US soldiers and Marines comparing those who were deployed with those who did not deploy during the service term. Summary of background data Back conditions are a major cause of morbidity and lost work days in both the US working population and military. Back-related conditions are among the most prevalent causes of military disability discharge but little research has been conducted to identify risk factors for back-related disabilities in this population. Methods Cases included enlisted Army and Marine Corps service members evaluated for back-related disability. Controls, frequency matched by year of military entrance and service, were selected from the enlisted service member population. Pre-enlistment demographic and medical characteristics, deployment, and ambulatory care data collected from existing military databases were used. Crude and adjusted odds of back-related disability were modeled using conditional logistic regression. Results In adjusted models, service members who were overweight (odds ratio [OR]: 1.17; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.12-1.23) and obese (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.26-1.44), between ages 25 and 29 years (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.16-1.31), or 30 years or older (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.34-1.52) at military entrance were at increased odds of a back-related disability. History of a back diagnosis at the pre-enlistment medical examination (OR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.50-2.50) and deploying once (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.14) were also associated with increased odds of a back-related disability. Conclusion Enlisted soldiers and marines with back-related disabilities were more likely to be older, have a higher body mass index, have a history of pre-enlistment back conditions, and were deployed once, compared with controls without a back-related disability. Additional research is necessary to further examine the complex relationship between deployment to combat zones, onset of musculoskeletal symptoms, and back-related disability in soldiers and marines. Level of evidence 4.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f214394626fe76fdcc7b99225c328772Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24525986Test

المؤلفون: Mark A. Mintun, Jonathan M. Koller, Kevin J. Black, Marilyn L. Piccirillo, Lei Wang, Tiffany Hseih

مصطلحات موضوعية: Raclopride, medicine.medical_specialty, Levodopa, business.industry, Substantia nigra, Nucleus accumbens, medicine.disease, Tourette syndrome, Midbrain, Endocrinology, Dopamine, Internal medicine, Dopamine receptor D2, medicine, business, medicine.drug

الوصف: BACKGROUND: Several lines of evidence suggest that dopamine (DA)-influenced neuronal pathways may malfunction in Tourette Syndrome (TS). A dopamine-responsive abnormality of brain function in TS could be either presynaptic or postsynaptic. Some PET studies support the hypothesis of presynaptic abnormalities in levodopa uptake, dopamine synthesis, or dopamine release. Alternatively, presynaptic dopaminergic function could be normal in TS but dopamine-sensitive abnormalities could exist in striatum, pallidum, thalamus, or cortex. METHODS: In this study we directly tested the presynaptic hypothesis using a new approach. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and [11C]raclopride (RAC*) to measure synaptic dopamine release in response to levodopa and placebo infusions (with carbidopa) in 5 neuroleptic-naïve adults with TS and 5 matched control subjects. The primary analysis examined RAC* binding potential (BPND) in predefined volumes of interest (VOIs). A secondary analysis compared BPND voxel by voxel over the entire brain. RESULTS: (1) Overall, baseline RAC* BPND did not differ significantly between groups, though nucleus accumbens BPND was higher in TS (16%, p=0.051). (2) Across regions, DA release declined from before to during infusion (p=0.014), including with placebo. (3) This decline was smaller in TS (p=0.080). (4) Levodopa’s effect on BPND differed significantly in right midbrain (p=0.002, corrected), where levodopa displaced RAC* by 59% in control subjects but increased BPND by 74% in TS subjects, and in parahippocampal gyrus (p=0.02, corrected). DISCUSSION: Our finding that a before/after RAC* design is confounded by time and/or expectation effects has implications for other RAC* PET studies. The smaller magnitude of the decrease with time in TS may be attributable to impaired habituation to the scan environment. Levodopa’s opposite effect on RAC* binding in TS dopaminergic midbrain was not predicted, but may signify an abnormal response to dopaminergic stimulation in TS. These findings invite confirmation in a larger sample.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::056d6637fa80245c1159162ef40e3d38Test
https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.30v1Test