نتائج البحث - "ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS"

1

Epigenetic toxicity and cytotoxicity of perfluorooctanoic acid and its effects on gene expression in embryonic mouse hypothalamus cells

المؤلفون: Min-Wook Hong, Yun-ho Bae, Sung Jin Lee, Hun Kim

المصدر: Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

الوصف: Even though the endocrine-disrupting potential of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is well known, the mechanisms underlying its cellular and epigenetic toxicity at the critical stage of hypothalamic development are poorly understood. This is why we studied its effects on the embryonic mouse hypothalamic cell line N46 (mHypoE-N46) with a hope to shed more light on the mechanisms through which PFOA causes embryonic hypothalamic cell damage. To do that, we studied cell viability, global DNA methylation, and gene expression in cells exposed to PFOA. As the PFOA dose increased, cell viability decreased, while global DNA methylation increased. PFOA also significantly altered the expression of genes related to the apoptosis and cell cycle, neurotrophic genes, and the Tet, Dnmt, and Mecp2 genes. Our findings suggest that exposure to PFOA affects cell survival through the reprogramming of embryonic hypothalamic DNA methylation patterns and altering cell homeostasis genes. DNA methylation and changes in the Mecp2 gene expression induced by PFOA also imply wider ramifications, as they alter genes of other major mechanisms of the embryonic hypothalamus. Our study may therefore serve as a good starting point for further research into the mechanisms of PFOA effect of hypothalamic development.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c6dbacc482c736a53e78a6307a1b456cTest
https://doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3555Test

2

Association of phthalate exposure with thyroid function during pregnancy

المؤلفون: Tim I M Korevaar, Maarten A. C. Broeren, Carl-Gustaf Bornehag, Barbara A. Demeneix, Arash Derakhshan, Andreas Kortenkamp, Christian H. Lindh, Robin P. Peeters, Huan Shu

المساهمون: Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC other

المصدر: Environment International, Vol 157, Iss, Pp 106795-(2021)
Environment International
Environment international, 157:106795. Elsevier Ltd.

الوصف: Supplementary material is available online at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412021004207?via%3Dihub#s0080Test . Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Background: The extent of thyroid disruptive effects of phthalates during pregnancy remains unclear. Aim: To investigate the association of maternal urinary phthalates with markers of the thyroid system during early pregnancy. Methods: Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites and serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free and total thyroxine (FT4 and TT4) and free and total triiodothyronine (FT3 and TT3) were measured in pregnant women in early pregnancy in the Swedish Environmental Longitudinal, Mother and child, Asthma and allergy study (2007-ongoing), a population-based prospective cohort. Results: In the 1,996 included women, higher di-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP) metabolites were associated with a lower FT4 (β [SE] for the molar sum: −0.13 [0.06], P = 0.03) and a higher TSH/FT4 ratio (0.003 [0.001], P = 0.03). Higher concentrations of di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP) metabolites were associated with a lower TT4 (β [SE] for the molar sum: 0.93 [0.44], P = 0.03) as well as with lower TT4/FT4 and TT4/TT3 ratios. Higher metabolites of both dibutyl and butyl-benzyl phthalate (DBP and BBzP) were associated with lower T4/T3 ratio (free and total) and higher FT4/TT4 and FT3/TT3 ratios. A higher diisononyl cyclohexane dicarboxylate (DINCH) metabolite concentration was associated with a higher TT3. Conclusions: These results translate results from experimental studies suggesting that exposure to phthalates may interfere with the thyroid system during pregnancy. This is also true for compounds that have been introduced to replace known disruptive phthalates. Further experimental studies should take into account the human evidence to better investigate the potential underlying mechanisms of thyroid disruption by phthalates. This project has been supported by the Exchange in Endocrinology Expertise (3E) program of the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS), Section and Board of Endocrinology and the ATHENA project, funded under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme for research, technological development and demonstration, grant agreement no. 825161. The SELMA study was funded by grants from the Swedish Research Council (Formas) and the Country Council of Värmland, Sweden.

وصف الملف: application/pdf; Print-Electronic

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::18d0980efbf0efe2835305075fc8e361Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106795Test

3

Effects of chronic exposure to bisphenol A in adult female mice on social behavior, vasopressin system, and estrogen membrane receptor (GPER1)

المؤلفون: Martina Bettarelli, Stefano Gotti, Brigitta Bonaldo, Antonino Casile, Giancarlo Panzica, Marilena Marraudino

المصدر: European Journal of Histochemistry, Vol 65, Iss s1 (2021)
European Journal of Histochemistry : EJH

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Vasopressin, vasopressin, Endocrine Disruptors, GPER1, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Three-Chamber Test, Pregnancy, Lactation, Biology (General), Behavior, Animal, BPA, Endocrine disrupting chemicals, BPA, Three-Chamber test, vasopressin, oxytocin, GPER1, paraventricular nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, medicine.anatomical_structure, Receptors, Estrogen, Female, paraventricular nucleus, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, Histology, medicine.drug_class, Vasopressins, QH301-705.5, Biophysics, Estrous Cycle, Biology, Article, Phenols, Internal medicine, oxytocin, medicine, Endocrine system, Animals, Benzhydryl Compounds, Social Behavior, Estrous cycle, urogenital system, suprachiasmatic nucleus, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, endocrine disrupting chemicals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endocrinology, Oxytocin, Estrogen, Hormone, Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus

الوصف: Bisphenol A (BPA), an organic synthetic compound found in some plastics and epoxy resins, is classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical. Exposure to BPA is especially dangerous if it occurs during specific “critical periods” of life, when organisms are more sensitive to hormonal changes (i.e., intrauterine, perinatal, juvenile or puberty periods). In this study, we focused on the effects of chronic exposure to BPA in adult female mice starting during pregnancy. Three months old C57BL/6J females were orally exposed to BPA or to vehicle (corn oil). The treatment (4 µg/kg body weight/day) started the day 0 of pregnancy and continued throughout pregnancy, lactation, and lasted for a total of 20 weeks. BPA-treated dams did not show differences in body weight or food intake, but they showed an altered estrous cycle compared to the controls. In order to evidence alterations in social and sociosexual behaviors, we performed the Three-Chamber test for sociability, and analyzed two hypothalamic circuits (well-known targets of endocrine disruption) particularly involved in the control of social behavior: the vasopressin and the oxytocin systems. The test revealed some alterations in the displaying of social behavior: BPA-treated dams have higher locomotor activity compared to the control dams, probably a signal of high level of anxiety. In addition, BPA-treated dams spent more time interacting with no-tester females than with no-tester males. In brain sections, we observed a decrease of vasopressin immunoreactivity (only in the paraventricular and suprachiasmatic nuclei) of BPA-treated females, while we did not find any alteration of the oxytocin system. In parallel, we have also observed, in the same hypothalamic nuclei, a significant reduction of the membrane estrogen receptor GPER1 expression.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::63c0b132dd52a8c7f64bc22cb503b7dfTest
https://www.ejh.it/index.php/ejh/article/view/3272Test

4

Endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and male reproductive health

المؤلفون: Josephine Mollier, Aditi Sharma, Suks Minhas, Channa N. Jayasena, Charlotte Caves, Richard W. K. Brocklesby

المصدر: Reproductive Medicine and Biology
Reproductive Medicine and Biology, Vol 19, Iss 3, Pp 243-253 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: lcsh:QH471-489, Mini Reviews, Physiology, Review Article, Biology, lcsh:Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, sperm, environmental, male infertility, Male infertility, Semen quality, semen quality, POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS, medicine, Endocrine system, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE, lcsh:Reproduction, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, endocrine‐disrupting chemicals, Reproductive health, Reproductive Biology, Science & Technology, lcsh:RC648-665, Human studies, business.industry, urogenital system, BISPHENOL-A EXPOSURE, MATERNAL EXPOSURE, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Reproductive Medicine, Endocrine disruptor, SPERM DNA-DAMAGE, Male fertility, Metabolic effects, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, IN-UTERO EXPOSURE, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE, PERINATAL EXPOSURE, GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE

الوصف: Background A number of different types of endocrine‐disrupting chemicals (EDCs) including bisphenol A, phthalates, pesticides, and other environmental chemicals have been shown to adversely impact upon male reproductive health. Understanding the potential effects of EDCs on male reproductive health may enable the development of novel treatments and early prevention of the effects of EDCs on male infertility and their potential long‐term sequelae. This review critically evaluates the research performed in this area and explores potential harmful effects of EDCs in animals and humans, including the possibility of trans‐generational transmission. Methods A literature review was conducted using electronic databases using the following terms: ‘endocrine disrupt*’ OR ‘endocrine disruptors’ OR ‘endocrine disruptor chemicals’ OR ‘EDC’ AND ‘sperm*’ OR ‘spermatozoa’ OR ‘spermatozoon’ OR ‘male reproductive health’ OR’ male fertility’. Main findings Several studies have shown that EDCs have a variety of pathophysiological effects. These include failure of spermatogenesis, embryonic development, the association with testicular cancer, and long‐term metabolic effects. Conclusions Several studies observe correlations between chemical doses and at least one sperm parameter; however, such correlations are sometimes inconsistent between different studies. Mechanisms through which EDCs exert their pathophysiological effects have not yet been fully elucidated in human studies.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::465bd6364c63e58300716d8955bb54f4Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7360961Test

5

Environmental toxin exposure in polycystic ovary syndrome women and possible ovarian neoplastic repercussion

المؤلفون: Roberto Marci, Donatella Caserta, Tommaso Occhiali, Ilaria Soave, Chiara Assorgi

المصدر: Current Medical Research and Opinion. 36:693-703

مصطلحات موضوعية: Glycation End Products, Advanced, Population, Socio-culturale, Endocrine Disruptors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Bioinformatics, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Endocrine system, Neoplastic transformation, 030212 general & internal medicine, Epigenetics, education, Ovarian Neoplasms, education.field_of_study, business.industry, advanced glycation end products, General Medicine, medicine.disease, endocrine disrupting chemicals, Polycystic ovary, advanced glycation end products, endocrine disrupting chemicals, ovarian cancer, Polycystic ovary syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian cancer, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Environmental Pollutants, Female, business, Ovarian cancer, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Hormone

الوصف: Purpose: Over the last two decades, increasing attention has been paid to environmental toxins and their effects on the female reproductive system. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances or mixtures that can mimic the action of steroid hormones and interfere with their metabolism. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are proinflammatory molecules that can interact with cell surface receptors and mediate the triggering of proinflammatory pathways and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to explore the effects of environmental toxin exposure in the pathogenesis of both polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and OC (ovarian cancer), considered separately, and also to evaluate possible neoplastic ovarian repercussion after exposure in patients diagnosed with PCOS.Materials and methods: We searched PubMed for articles published in the English language with the use of the following MeSH search terms: "polycystic ovary syndrome" and "ovarian cancer" combined with "endocrine disruptors". Titles and abstracts were examined and full articles that met the selection criteria were retrieved. A manual search of review articles and cross-references completed the search.Results: Extensive data from different studies collected in recent years concerning the effects of EDC/AGE exposure have confirmed their role in the pathophysiology of both PCOS and OC. They favor PCOS/OC development through different mechanisms that finally lead to hormonal and metabolic disruption and epigenetic modifications.Conclusions: Environmental toxin exposure in PCOS women could favor neoplastic transformation by exacerbating and potentiating some PCOS features. Further research, although difficult, is needed in order to prevent further diffusion of these substances in the environment, or at least to provide adequate information to the population considered at risk.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d9f62e6f624f607a87b1bc329f6c10aaTest
https://doi.org/10.1080/03007995.2020.1729108Test

6

Putting Together the Pieces of the Mosaic - What Do We Know About Potential Environmental and Social Risk Factors for Breast Cancer?

المؤلفون: Kate Rygiel

المصدر: Archives of Breast Cancer (2021)

الوصف: Background: The human breast undergoes processes of proliferation and involution, especially during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause. During these dynamic phases, some specific environmental factors play important roles, including pro-carcinogenic effects. In addition to the usual breast tumor, its pathologic characteristics, and genetic variants, different environmental and social factors create additional challenges to the accurate comprehension of breast cancer (BC) risk, diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment. Methods: This mini-review is based on Medline database search for recent clinical studies on BC risk factors, development, and prevention, particularly at the time of puberty, pregnancy, and menopause.Results: Based on the medical literature review, some insights were provided into how external environmental factors influence BC risk, incidence, and mortality. Also, in an attempt to answer this key question, the selected chemical and physical components of the environment, as well as the large spectrum of social and behavioral elements, were analyzed. Conclusion: It has been suggested that a broad spectrum of established and potential environmental elements have been related to BC etiology. Furthermore, a modern transdisciplinary approach to research studies, including epidemiological, biological, toxicological, pathological, genetic, social, and behavioral factors should help provide the “whole picture” of the environmental risk factors and causes for BC. This is particularly valid to medical personnel involved in women's health to facilitate preventive efforts, especially for those who are at the highest risk for this common and devastating malignancy.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::25d8d4401e28f4ec4c53905bc922de1fTest
https://doi.org/10.32768/abc.20218268-79Test

7

Pregnancy exposure to bisphenol A and duration of breastfeeding

المؤلفون: Anna-Maria Andersson, Clara Amalie Gade Timmermann, Agnethe Mehlsen, Lærke Høllund, Hanne Frederiksen, Tina Kold Jensen, Henriette Boye, Steffen Husby, Signe Bruun

المصدر: Mehlsen, A, Høllund, L, Boye, H, Frederiksen, H, Andersson, A M, Bruun, S, Husby, S, Jensen, T K & Timmermann, C A G 2022, ' Pregnancy exposure to bisphenol A and duration of breastfeeding ', Environmental Research, vol. 206, 112471 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112471Test

الوصف: INTRODUCTION: Bisphenol A (BPA) is frequently used in the production of plastics. It is an endocrine disruptor, and BPA exposure in mice has been associated with reduced offspring growth due to insufficient milk production. However, human studies of associations between BPA exposure and duration of breastfeeding are sparse.METHODS: Pregnant women from the Odense Child Cohort (n = 725) donated a third trimester morning urine sample, which was analyzed for BPA by LC-MS/MS. Information about duration of exclusive and any breastfeeding was obtained through questionnaires three and 18 months postpartum, and a subgroup of women responded to weekly text messages about breastfeeding. Associations between pregnancy BPA exposure and duration of breastfeeding were analyzed using Cox regression adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTS: The median urine BPA concentration was 1.29 ng/mL. Compared to women within the lowest tertile of BPA exposure, women in the second and third tertile were slightly more likely to terminate breastfeeding at any given time; HRs (95% CI) were 1.05 (0.87; 1.26) and 1.06 (0.89; 1.27), respectively, and to terminate exclusive breastfeeding at any time up to 20 weeks after birth, HRs (95% CI) were 1.07 (0.88; 1.28) and 1.06 (0.88; 1.27), respectively. However, confidence intervals were also compatible with no effect or even a protective effect.DISCUSSION: This study indicated that high BPA exposure in pregnancy was associated with shorter duration of breastfeeding. Although our findings were not statistically significant, all estimates were above one suggesting increased risk of early breastfeeding termination with high exposure. Using a single spot morning urine sample to measure BPA has likely caused imprecision as it might not adequately reflect long term exposure. Future studies should consider measuring BPA more than once, including other timepoints during pregnancy and after birth.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5c504294dbcd0bab3abea754cbbeb12fTest
https://findresearcher.sdu.dk:8443/ws/files/197598630/1_s2.0_S0013935121017722_main.pdfTest

8

Neuroendocrine disruption by bisphenol A and/or di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate after prenatal, early postnatal and lactational exposure

المؤلفون: Pinar Erkekoglu, Belma Kocer-Gumusel, Naciye Dilara Zeybek, Nilgün Yersal, Aylin Balci, Anıl Yirün, Gizem Özkemahlı

المساهمون: EBYÜ, Eczacılık Fakültesi

المصدر: Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 28:26961-26974

الوصف: Bisphenol A (BPA) and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) are abundant endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In recent years, studies showed that EDCs may lead to neurodevelopmental diseases. The effects of prenatal exposure to these chemicals may have serious consequences. Moreover, exposure to EDCs as a mixture may have different effects than individual exposures. The present study aimed to determine the toxicity of BPA and/or DEHP on central nervous system (CNS) and neuroendocrine system in prenatal and lactational period in Sprague-Dawley rats. Pregnant rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (received vehicle); BPA group (received BPA at 50 mg/kg/day); DEHP group (received DEHP at 30 mg/kg/day); and combined exposure group (received both BPA at 50 mg/kg/day and DEHP at 30 mg/kg/day) during pregnancy and lactation by oral gavage. At the end of lactation, male offspring (n = 6) were randomly grouped. The alterations in the brain histopathology, neurotransmitter levels and enzyme activities in the cerebrum region, oxidative stress markers, and apoptotic effects in the hippocampus region were determined at adulthood. The results showed that exposure to EDCs at early stages of life caused significant changes in lipid peroxidation, total GSH and neurotransmitter levels, and activities of neurotransmitter-related enzymes. Moreover, BPA and/or DEHP led to apoptosis and histopathologic alterations in the hippocampus. Therefore, we can suggest that changes in oxidant/antioxidant status, as well as in neurotransmitters and related enzymes, can be considered as the underlying neurotoxicity mechanisms of BPA and DEHP. However, more mechanistic studies are needed.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3a7c4f39f85b63568713d06114c3020cTest
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12408-9Test

9

Endocrine disrupting chemicals in the pathogenesis of hypospadias; developmental and toxicological perspectives

المؤلفون: Deidre M. Mattiske, Andrew J Pask

المصدر: Current Research in Toxicology, Vol 2, Iss, Pp 179-191 (2021)
Current Research in Toxicology

مصطلحات موضوعية: DHT, dihydrotestosterone, ER, estrogen receptor, Urethral closure, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, NOAEL, no observed adverse effect level, EMT, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl, DBP, Σdibutyl phthalate, Toxicology, Bioinformatics, DEHP, Σdi-2(ethylhexyl)-phthalate, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Article, Androgen, PCE, tetrachloroethylene, RA1190-1270, medicine, DDT, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, Endocrine system, Endocrine disruptors, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Hypospadias, EDC, endocrine disrupting chemicals, GT, genital tubercle, PBDE, polybrominated diphenyl ether, business.industry, PBB, polybrominated biphenyl, medicine.disease, Estrogen, BPA, bisphenol A, medicine.anatomical_structure, Normal penis, BBP, benzyl butyl phthalate, Toxicology. Poisons, business, Penis

الوصف: Graphical abstract
Highlights • Penis development is regulated by a tight balance of androgens and estrogens. • EDCs that impact androgen/estrogen balance during development cause hypospadias. • Cross-disciplinary collaborations are needed to define a mechanistic link.
Hypospadias is a defect in penile urethral closure that occurs in approximately 1/150 live male births in developed nations, making it one of the most common congenital abnormalities worldwide. Alarmingly, the frequency of hypospadias has increased rapidly over recent decades and is continuing to rise. Recent research reviewed herein suggests that the rise in hypospadias rates can be directly linked to our increasing exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), especially those that affect estrogen and androgen signalling. Understanding the mechanistic links between endocrine disruptors and hypospadias requires toxicologists and developmental biologists to define exposures and biological impacts on penis development. In this review we examine recent insights from toxicological, developmental and epidemiological studies on the hormonal control of normal penis development and describe the rationale and evidence for EDC exposures that impact these pathways to cause hypospadias. Continued collaboration across these fields is imperative to understand the full impact of endocrine disrupting chemicals on the increasing rates of hypospadias.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5e6a4feece5728c2a57646b8ca982bb7Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crtox.2021.03.004Test

10

Lifestyle Habits and Exposure to BPA and Phthalates in Women of Childbearing Age from Northern Italy: A Pilot Study

المؤلفون: Rosa Maria Cerbo, Ilaria Di Napoli, Cinzia La Rocca, Debora Porri, Sara Tagliaferri, Rachele De Giuseppe, Eduardo Sommella, Pietro Campiglia, Benedetta Raspini, Hellas Cena, Emanuela Salviati

المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volume 18
Issue 18
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 9710, p 9710 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, lifestyle, Future studies, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, bisphenol A, Phthalic Acids, Pilot Projects, Endocrine Disruptors, Bisphenol A, Eating habits, Endocrine-disrupting chemicals, Lifestyle, Phthalates, Benzhydryl Compounds, Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental Exposure, Female, Habits, Humans, Life Style, Phenols, Pregnancy, Environmental Pollutants, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Environmental health, Medicine, Daily exposure, endocrine-disrupting chemicals, phthalates, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Phthalate, eating habits, medicine.disease, Northern italy, chemistry, Childbearing age, Cohort, Lifestyle habits, business

الوصف: Background: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds that interfere with aspects of hormonal signaling. Considerable attention has been paid to their biological effects especially in women of childbearing age or during pregnancy as EDCs have been reported to cross the placenta becoming concentrated in the fetus’ circulation. Lifestyle habits, daily consumption of packaged foods and use of healthcare/cosmetic products are associated with increased EDCs levels. This cross-sectional research examined the EDCs levels and the lifestyle determinants of EDC exposure in a cohort of reproductive-age women from Northern Italy. Methods: Forty-five women (median age: 36, IQR: 30–38) were evaluated for urinary bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates levels and also studied for EDCs’ major determinants of daily exposure
food frequency/dietary, physical activity, smoking habits and weight status. Results: Although 100% of women seemed to have been exposed to common sources of EDCs, they reported a healthy lifestyle. The multivariable model described a positive and significant association between consumption of sauces/dressings in plastic containers and monoethyl phthalate exposure (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Since reproductive age encompasses a critical window for future health and functioning of the “mothers-to-be” and their children, future studies on prenatal dietary BPA and phthalate exposure and the role of consumer product choices in reducing such exposure are recommended.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c40dcd695bfa3faf1917eb8007a3d3f1Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34574636Test

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