المؤلفون: Gill, Thomas M.¹ thomas.gill@yale.edu, Sherman, Andrea N.² andrea@afar.org, van der Willik, Odette², Yaffe, Kristine³, Walston, Jeremy D.⁴

المصدر: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. May2024, Vol. 72 Issue 5, p1634-1638. 5p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MEDICAL specialties & specialists, *CONFERENCES & conventions, *ORGANIZATIONAL structure, *AGING, *MEDICAL research, *ENDOWMENT of research, *SOCIAL support, *VOCATIONAL guidance, *WEBINARS, SURGERY practice

الشركة/الكيان: NATIONAL Institutes of Health (U.S.)

مستخلص: The article discusses the launch of the funding opportunities by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) targeting clinician-scientists focused on aging research from a diverse array of specialties and disciplines. Topics include the Grants for Early Medical and Surgical Specialists' Transition to Aging Research (GEMSSTAR) initiative of the NIA, the expansion made by the NIA on its commitment to support a wider range of clinician-scientists, and the infrastructure grant launched by the NIA.

المؤلفون: Pressman, Sophia M., Borna, Sahar, Gomez-Cabello, Cesar A., Haider, Syed A., Haider, Clifton, Forte, Antonio J.

المصدر: Healthcare (2227-9032); Apr2024, Vol. 12 Issue 8, p825, 21p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SURGERY practice, MEDICAL information storage & retrieval systems, MEDICAL specialties & specialists, AUTONOMY (Psychology), SOCIAL justice, NEUROSURGERY, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, CINAHL database, BENEVOLENCE, NATURAL language processing, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, SYSTEMATIC reviews, MEDLINE, ORTHOPEDIC surgery, MEDICAL research, DEEP learning, SEARCH engines, METADATA, ONLINE information services, PLASTIC surgery, MACHINE learning, DATA analysis software, MEDICAL practice

مستخلص: Introduction: As large language models receive greater attention in medical research, the investigation of ethical considerations is warranted. This review aims to explore surgery literature to identify ethical concerns surrounding these artificial intelligence models and evaluate how autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice are represented within these ethical discussions to provide insights in order to guide further research and practice. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Five electronic databases were searched in October 2023. Eligible studies included surgery-related articles that focused on large language models and contained adequate ethical discussion. Study details, including specialty and ethical concerns, were collected. Results: The literature search yielded 1179 articles, with 53 meeting the inclusion criteria. Plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, and neurosurgery were the most represented surgical specialties. Autonomy was the most explicitly cited ethical principle. The most frequently discussed ethical concern was accuracy (n = 45, 84.9%), followed by bias, patient confidentiality, and responsibility. Conclusion: The ethical implications of using large language models in surgery are complex and evolving. The integration of these models into surgery necessitates continuous ethical discourse to ensure responsible and ethical use, balancing technological advancement with human dignity and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Yadav, Sanjay Kumar, Agarwal, Pawan, Sharma, Dhananjaya

المصدر: Indian Journal of Surgery; Apr2022 Suppl 1, Vol. 84, p162-166, 5p

مصطلحات موضوعية: REPORTING of diseases, RESEARCH, CLINICAL trials, OPERATIVE surgery, SURGERY practice, ENDOWMENT of research, MEDICAL specialties & specialists, MEDICAL research

مصطلحات جغرافية: INDIA

مستخلص: Clinical trials in Surgery are central to research; however, very few surgical clinical trials are conducted in India. Such paucity of surgical trials is a cause for concern, and prompted us to explore the recent landscape of surgical trials in India. We reviewed all clinical trials from general surgery or subspecialties of general surgery registered with the Clinical Trials Registry of India website between 2018 to 15 th May 2021. Specific details such as the surgical subspecialty, study design, multicentric or single institution and funding were obtained. We found a total of 16,710 trials, out of these 4119 (24.6%) were related to all surgical fields. Only 136 (0.8%) trials were found from general surgery and its subspecialties. Most trials were registered from Central Government Institutions (48%), followed by State Government Medical Colleges (11%). Most number of trials was registered from GI surgery (32%). Most (90.5%) trials were single centre based. Common barriers to research are well known; if the State Government Medical Colleges can mentor a culture of research from an early stage of surgical training it can improve research productivity. Multicentre trials, involving smaller hospitals from tier 2 and tier 3 cities, are a potential solution to one of the major obstacles of surgical trials i.e. small number of patients; especially in this pandemic induced draught of elective surgical operations. A positive change in attitude of surgeons and provision of necessary funding can encourage more surgical clinical trials in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Henry Wang, Chu, Michael W. A., Dubois, Luc, Wang, Henry

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Surgery; Jan/Feb2021, Vol. 64 Issue 1, pE76-E83, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PLASTIC surgery, CAREER development, VASCULAR surgery, CARDIAC surgery, NEUROSURGERY, PUBLISHING, RESEARCH, RESEARCH methodology, SURGERY practice, MEDICAL cooperation, EVALUATION research, COMPARATIVE studies, MEDICAL specialties & specialists, MEDICAL research

مصطلحات جغرافية: CANADA

الملخص (بالإنجليزية): Background: Academic productivity, as measured by number and impact of publications, is central to the career advancement and promotion of academic surgeons. We compared research productivity metrics among specialties and sought factors associated with increased productivity.Methods: Academic surgeons were identified through departmental webpages and their scholarly metrics were collected through Scopus in a standardized fashion. We collected total number of documents, h-index, and average number of publications per year in the preceding 5 years. We explored whether presence of a training program, graduate degree, academic rank and size of the clinical group affected productivity metrics. Linear regression was used for multivariable analysis.Results: We collected data on 2172 surgeons from 15 separate academic centres across Canada. Wide variability existed in metrics among specialties, with cardiac and neurosurgery being the most productive, and vascular surgery and plastic surgery being the least productive. The average number of publications was 71, and the average h-index was 18.7. The average h-index for cardiac surgery was 25.7 compared with 8.3 for vascular surgery (p < 0.001). Our multivariable model identified academic rank, surgical specialty, graduate degree, presence of a training program, and larger clinical group as being associated with increased academic productivity.Conclusion: There is variability in research productivity among Canadian surgical specialties. Cardiac surgery and neurosurgery are productive, whereas vascular surgery and plastic surgery are less productive than other surgical disciplines. Obtaining a research-oriented graduate degree, being part of a larger clinical group, and presence of a training program were all associated with higher productivity, even after adjusting for academic rank and specialty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (French): Contexte: La productivité universitaire, évaluée selon le nombre de publications et leurs retombées, est déterminante pour la carrière et l'avancement des professeurs de chirurgie. Nous avons comparé des indicateurs de la productivité en recherche de diverses spécialités et cherché les facteurs liés à une productivité accrue. Méthodes: Nous avons identifié les professeurs de chirurgie dans les pages Web de départements, et recueilli dans Scopus, de manière normalisée, les données: nombre total de documents, indice h et nombre moyen de publications par année dans les 5 dernières années. Nous avons cherché à savoir si l'existence d'un programme de formation, le diplôme d'études supérieures, le rang professoral et la taille du groupe clinique avaient une incidence sur les indicateurs de productivité. L'analyse multivariable a été faite au moyen d'une régression linéaire. Résultats: Nous avons recueilli des données sur 2172 chirurgiens de 15 différents centres universitaires du Canada. Les indicateurs variaient grandement selon la spécialité. La productivité la plus élevée était associée à la chirurgie cardiaque et à la neurochirurgie, et la productivité la moins élevée, à la chirurgie vasculaire et à la chirurgie plastique. Le nombre moyen de publications était de 71 et l'indice h moyen, de 18,7. L'indice h moyen pour la chirurgie cardiaque était de 25,7, comparativement à 8,3 pour la chirurgie vasculaire (p < 0,001). Notre modèle multivariable a montré que le rang professoral, la spécialité chirurgicale, le diplôme d'études supérieures, l'existence d'un programme de formation et un grand groupe clinique sont liés à une productivité universitaire accrue. Conclusion: La productivité en recherche varie en fonction de la spécialité chirurgicale au Canada. La chirurgie cardiaque et la neurochirurgie sont productives, tandis que la chirurgie vasculaire et la chirurgie plastique le sont moins que d'autres spécialités. L'obtention d'un diplôme d'études supérieures axées sur la recherche, l'appartenance à un grand groupe clinique et l'existence d'un programme de formation étaient toutes associées à une productivité supérieure, même après correction pour tenir compte du rang professoral et de la spécialité. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Lavy, Chris¹ christopher.lavy@ndorms.ox.ac.uk, Sauven, Kathryn¹, Mkandawire, Nyengo¹, Charian, Meena¹, Gosselin, Richard¹, Ndihokubwayo, Jean¹, Parry, Eldryd¹

المصدر: World Journal of Surgery. Feb2011, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p262-271. 10p. 2 Color Photographs, 2 Graphs.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *SURGICAL pathology, *CUTDOWN (Surgery), *HIV, *MEDICAL research, SURGERY practice

مصطلحات جغرافية: AFRICA

مستخلص: This is a review of recently published literature on surgery in tropical Africa. It presents the current state of surgical need and surgical practice on the continent. We discuss the enormous burden of surgical pathology (as far as it is known) and the access to and acceptability of surgery. We also describe the available facilities in terms of equipment and manpower. The study looked at the effects of the human immunodeficiency virus, the role of traditional healers, anesthesia, and the economics of surgery. Medical training and research are discussed, as are medical migration out of Africa and the concept of task shifting, where surgical procedures are performed by others when surgeons are not available. It closes with recommendations for involvement and action in this area of great global need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Hall, John C.¹ john.hall@uwa.edu.au

المصدر: ANZ Journal of Surgery. Jun2010, Vol. 80 Issue 6, p460-463. 4p. 2 Charts, 1 Graph.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TRAINING of surgeons, *MEDICAL journalism, *SPECIALISTS, *MEDICAL research, SURGERY practice

مستخلص: The article discusses the approach by surgeons on critical evaluation of the surgical literature. It focuses on the importance of critical evaluation despite the advancement in the training of technical and professional skills. It presents a table depicting the characteristics of an expert which should be adopted by surgeons. It highlights the importance of discretionary judgments and complex motor tasks.

المؤلفون: Blencowe, Natalie S., Glasbey, James C., McElnay, Philip J., Bhangu, Aneel, Gokani, Vimal J., Harries, Rhiannon L., Council of the Association of Surgeons in Training

المصدر: Postgraduate Medical Journal; Oct2017, Vol. 93 Issue 1104, p581-586, 6p, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs

مصطلحات موضوعية: TRAINING of surgeons, MEDICAL personnel training, MEDICAL education, MEDICAL competence testing, CLINICAL medicine, CLINICAL competence, CURRICULUM, MEDICAL research, MEDICAL specialties & specialists, SURGERY practice, OPERATIVE surgery, CROSS-sectional method

مستخلص: Objectives: This study aimed to explore variations in the provision of integrated academic surgical training across the UK.Design: This is an online cross-sectional survey (consisting of 44 items with a range of free-text, binomial and 5-point Likert scale responses) developed by the Association of Surgeons in Training.Setting: A self-reported survey instrument was distributed to academic surgical trainees across the UK (n=276).Participants: 143 (51.9%) responses were received (81% male, median age: 34 years), spanning all UK regions and surgical specialties. Of the 143 trainees, 29 were core trainees (20.3%), 99 were specialty trainees (69.2%) and 15 (10.5%) described themselves as research fellows.Results: The structure of academic training varied considerably, with under a third of trainees receiving guaranteed protected time for research. Despite this, however, 53.1% of the respondents reported to be satisfied with how their academic training was organised. Covering clinical duties during academic time occurred commonly (72.7%). Although most trainees (n=88, 61.5%) met with their academic supervisor at least once a month, six (4.2%) never had an academic supervisory meeting. Most trainees (n=90, 62.9%) occupied a full-time rota slot and only 9.1% (n=13) described their role as 'supernumerary'. Although 58.7% (n=84) of the trainees were satisfied with their clinical competence, 37.8% (n=54) felt that clinical time focused more on service provision than the acquisition of technical skills. 58 (40.6%) had experienced some form of negative sentiment relating to their status as an academic trainee.Conclusions: Integrated academic training presents unique challenges and opportunities within surgery. This survey has identified variation in the quality of current programmes, meaning that the future provision of integrated surgical academic training should be carefully considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المصدر: ANZ Journal of Surgery. Jul2007, Vol. 77 Issue 7, p592-594. 3p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *MEDICAL research, *AORTIC aneurysms, *MEDICAL education, SURGERY practice

مستخلص: The article presents abstracts on medical research and surgery. These abstracts include "Chest Radiography After Coronary Artery Surgery," "Endovascular Repair of Small Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms," and "Effect on Training of a New Consultant ROTA," which appeared in the July 2007 issue of the "ANZ Journal of Surgery."

المؤلفون: Skerritt, Clare, Hall, Nigel J.

المصدر: European Journal of Pediatric Surgery; 2015, Vol. 25 Issue 6, p504-508, 5p

مصطلحات موضوعية: PEDIATRIC surgery, ALTRUISM, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, PEDIATRICS, SURGEONS, COOPERATIVENESS, EXPERIMENTAL design, MEDICAL cooperation, MEDICAL education, MEDICAL research, MEDICAL specialties & specialists, RESEARCH, SURGERY practice

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED Kingdom

مستخلص: In 2007, the first trainee-led surgical research network was founded in the United Kingdom (UK). The West Midlands Research Collaborative was started by a group of enthusiastic adult surgical trainees who saw the benefits of altruistic collaboration to generate high quality, multicenter research. Seeing the success of their research projects, including randomized controlled trials, trainees in other regions and specialties were spurred on to founding their own research collaboratives. The Pediatric Surgical Trainee Research Network was started in 2011 by a group of UK trainees with the aim to promote, facilitate, and encourage trainee-led research in pediatric surgery. This article summarizes the history and evolution of the trainee collaborative surgical research. It examines the challenges which multicenter research entails and the steps the collaboratives have taken to overcome them. We describe some of the projects which have been successfully completed and the benefits that the trainee networks have for patients and surgeons alike. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Chokshi, Nikunj K., Simeone, Dianne M., Chari, Ravi S., Dorey, Fred, Guner, Yigit S., Upperman, Jeffrey S.

المصدر: Surgery; Sep2009, Vol. 146 Issue 3, p462-468, 7p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SURGEONS, SURVEYS, JOB stress of medical personnel, MEDICAL research, WORKWEEK, MEDICAL care, MEDICAL education, LOGISTIC regression analysis, SURGERY practice

مستخلص: Background: An academic surgeon''s workweek is divided among patient care, administrative duties, education, and research. The time available for research activities may change as a surgeon''s career evolves. We sought to determine involvement of academic surgeons in research and to assess how this research endeavor was affected by demographic and workplace characteristics. Methods: We constructed a survey to explore the following 4 domains: demographics, time allotment, research activities, and effects of stressors. We distributed the survey to members of the Society of University Surgeons. In addition to performing descriptive statistics, we defined an active researcher as someone with a funding source who devoted 15% or more work hours to research. Using this definition, we performed statistical analyses to assess the significance of independent variables on research. Stress factors were evaluated on a Likert scale with responses ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely). Results: We received 314 completed surveys (response rate 23%). Of the respondents, 274 (87%) stated that they were involved in some kind of research activity; however, only 143 (46%) were active researchers. Using univariate logistic regression analysis, younger respondents and surgeons who practiced for more than 10 years were more likely to be active researchers (odds ratio [OR]: 1.93, confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–2.46 and OR: 2.06, CI: 1.64–2.59, respectively). Males were less likely than females to be active researchers (OR: 0.32, CI: 016–0.67); however, by multivariate analysis, we found that the “years in practice” of an active researcher was the most significant predictor of research activity, whereas age and sex were not. In regard to stress, most respondents reported scores of 1–3 for all 7 stressors, which is consistent with minimal to moderate stress. Conclusion: Academic surgeons are involved actively in research; however, this involvement decreases as other professional responsibilities increase. To optimize the surgical research environment, departments should invest time and resources in young investigators to prevent them from decreasing their research activities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

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