يعرض 1 - 10 نتائج من 22 نتيجة بحث عن '"Jean‐Marc Burgunder"', وقت الاستعلام: 0.99s تنقيح النتائج
  1. 1

    المصدر: Journal of Huntington's Disease. 11:407-413

    الوصف: Background: The Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) is a universal scale assessing disease severity of Huntington’s disease (HD). However, the English version cannot be widely used in China, and the reliability and validity of the Chinese UHDRS have not yet been confirmed. Objective: To test the reliability and validity of Chinse UHDRS in patients with HD. Methods: Between August 2013 and August 2021, 159 HD patients, 40 premanifest HD, and 64 healthy controls were consecutively recruited from two medical centers in China and assessed by Chinese UHDRS. Internal consistency and interrater reliability of the scale were examined. Intercorrelation was performed to analyze the convergent and divergent validity of the scale. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to explore the optimal cutoff point of each cognitive test. Results: High internal consistency was found in Chinese UHDRS, and its Cronbach’s alpha values of the motor, cognitive, behavioral and functional subscales were 0.954, 0.826, 0.804, and 0.954, respectively. The interrater reliability of the total motor score was 0.960. The convergent and divergent validity revealed that motor, cognitive and functional subscales strongly related to each other except for Problem Behavior Assessment. Furthermore, we not only provided the normal level of each cognitive test in controls, but also gave the optimal cutoff points of cognitive tests between controls and HD patients. Conclusion: We demonstrate for the first time that the translated version of UHDRS is reliable for assessing HD patients in China. This can promote the universal use of UHDRS in clinical practice.

  2. 2

    المساهمون: Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa

    المصدر: Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal
    Repositório Científico de Acesso Aberto de Portugal (RCAAP)
    instacron:RCAAP

    الوصف: © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
    Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder with protean clinical manifestations. Its management is challenging, consisting mainly of off-label treatments. Objectives: The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society commissioned a task force to review and evaluate the evidence of available therapies for HD gene expansion carriers. Methods: We followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Eligible randomized controlled trials were identified via an electronic search of the CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases. All eligible trials that evaluated one or more of 33 predetermined clinical questions were included. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A framework was adapted to allow for efficacy and safety conclusions to be drawn from the balance between the GRADE level of evidence and the importance of the benefit/harm of the intervention. Results: Twenty-two eligible studies involving 17 interventions were included, providing data to address 8 clinical questions. These data supported a likely effect of deutetrabenazine on motor impairment, chorea, and dystonia and of tetrabenazine on chorea. The data did not support a disease-modifying effect for premanifest and manifest HD. There was no eligible evidence to support the use of specific treatments for depression, psychosis, irritability, apathy, or suicidality. Similarly, no evidence was eligible to support the use of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, exercise, dietary, or surgical treatments. Conclusions: Data for therapeutic interventions in HD are limited and support only the use of VMAT2 inhibitors for specific motor symptoms.

    وصف الملف: Print-Electronic; application/pdf

  3. 3

    المؤلفون: Jean-Marc, Burgunder

    المصدر: Burgunder, Jean-Marc (2022). Chorea: An Update on Genetics. European neurology, 85(5), pp. 342-348. Karger 10.1159/000526237 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000526237Test>

    الوصف: Background: Chorea may be present in a number of diseases including hereditary disorders. Major advances have occurred in our understanding of the genetic background of those disorders, and the present short review aims at highlighting the most salient ones. Summary: Chorea is one of the major manifestations of Huntington’s disease. However, there are a number of other diseases, in which chorea is present as well and their list is in constant increase thanks to the availability of advanced molecular genetic diagnostic techniques. Finding of new genes followed by the investigation of further cases with part of the phenotype first described often leads to the recognition of additional aspects of the disorders, thus widening the scope of investigation and management. Likewise, assessment of genetic variations associated with specific aspects of the phenotype, in a way similar to approaches established in nongenetic disorders, has improved our understanding of phenotype variation. Knowledge on genetic background of chorea has ameliorated our diagnostic approaches. Furthermore, it opens new therapeutic strategies aimed at modifying expression both of the genes primarily implicated as the ones involved in further phenotype modification. Key messages: Recent research on the genetic background of disorders with chorea has provided data, which can now better guide differential diagnostic investigations in practical ways. Furthermore, they provide avenues for research on the disease mechanisms opening the door for clinical therapeutic trials.

    وصف الملف: application/pdf

  4. 4

    المصدر: Guttman, Mark; Pedrazzoli, Marco; Ponomareva, Marina; Pelletier, Marsha; Townson, Louisa; Mukelabai, Kopano; Levine, Aaron; Nordström, Anna-Lena; Reilmann, Ralf; Burgunder, Jean-Marc (2021). The Impact of Upcoming Treatments in Huntington's Disease: Resource Capacity Limitations and Access to Care Implications. Journal of Huntington's disease, 10(2), pp. 303-311. IOS Press 10.3233/JHD-200462 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JHD-200462Test>
    Journal of Huntington's Disease

    الوصف: BACKGROUND The most advanced disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in development for Huntington's disease (HD) require intrathecal (IT) administration, which may create or exacerbate bottlenecks in resource capacity. OBJECTIVE To understand the readiness of healthcare systems for intrathecally administered HD DMTs in terms of resource capacity dynamics and implications for patients' access to treatment. METHODS Forty HD centres across 12 countries were included. Qualitative and quantitative data on current capacity in HD centres and anticipated capacity needs following availability of a DMT were gathered via interviews with healthcare professionals (HCPs). Data modelling was used to estimate the current capacity gap in HD centres. RESULTS From interviews with 218 HCPs, 25% of HD centres are estimated to have the three components required for IT administration (proceduralists, nurses and facilities). On average, 114 patients per centre per year are anticipated to receive intrathecally administered DMTs in the future. At current capacity, six of the sampled centres are estimated to be able to deliver DMTs to all the anticipated patients based on current resources. The estimated waiting time for IT administration at current capacity will average 60 months (5 years) by the second year after DMT availability. CONCLUSION Additional resources are needed in HD centres for future DMTs to be accessible to all anticipated patients. Timely collaboration by the HD community will be needed to address capacity gaps. Healthcare policymakers and payers will need to address costs and navigate challenges arising from country- or region-specific healthcare delivery schemes.

    وصف الملف: application/pdf

  5. 5

    المصدر: Frontiers in Neurology, Vol 13 (2022)
    Nguyen, Quang Tuan Rémy; Ortigoza Escobar, Juan Dario; Burgunder, Jean-Marc; Mariotti, Caterina; Saft, Carsten; Hjermind, Lena Elisabeth; Youssov, Katia; Landwehrmeyer, G Bernhard; Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine (2022). Combining Literature Review With a Ground Truth Approach for Diagnosing Huntington's Disease Phenocopy. Frontiers in neurology, 13, p. 817753. Frontiers Media S.A. 10.3389/fneur.2022.817753 <http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2022.817753Test>

    الوصف: One percent of patients with a Huntington's disease (HD) phenotype do not have the Huntington (HTT) gene mutation. These are known as HD phenocopies. Their diagnosis is still a challenge. Our objective is to provide a diagnostic approach to HD phenocopies based on medical expertise and a review of the literature. We employed two complementary approaches sequentially: a review of the literature and two surveys analyzing the daily clinical practice of physicians who are experts in movement disorders. The review of the literature was conducted from 1993 to 2020, by extracting articles about chorea or HD-like disorders from the database Pubmed, yielding 51 articles, and analyzing 20 articles in depth to establish the surveys. Twenty-eight physicians responded to the first survey exploring the red flags suggestive of specific disease entities. Thirty-three physicians completed the second survey which asked for the classification of paraclinical tests according to their diagnostic significance. The analysis of the results of the second survey used four different clustering algorithms and the density-based clustering algorithm DBSCAN to classify the paraclinical tests into 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-line recommendations. In addition, we included suggestions from members of the European Reference Network-Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND Chorea & Huntington disease group). Finally, we propose guidance that integrate the detection of clinical red flags with a classification of paraclinical testing options to improve the diagnosis of HD phenocopies.

    وصف الملف: application/pdf; image/tiff; application/octet-stream

  6. 6

    المؤلفون: Davina J Hensman Moss, Antonio F Pardiñas, Douglas Langbehn, Kitty Lo, Blair R Leavitt, Raymund Roos, Alexandra Durr, Simon Mead, Peter Holmans, Lesley Jones, Sarah J Tabrizi, A Coleman, R Dar Santos, J Decolongon, A Sturrock, E Bardinet, C Jauff Ret, D Justo, S Lehericy, C Marelli, K Nigaud, R Valabrègue, SJA van den Bogaard, E M Dumas, J van der Grond, EP t'Hart, C Jurgens, M-N Witjes-Ane, N Arran, J Callaghan, C Stopford, C Frost, R Jones, N Hobbs, N Lahiri, R Ordidge, G Owen, T Pepple, J Read, M Say, E Wild, A Patel, N C Fox, C Gibbard, I Malone, H Crawford, D Whitehead, S Keenan, D M Cash, C Berna, N Bechtel, S Bohlen, A Hoff Man, P Kraus, E Axelson, C Wang, T Acharya, S Lee, W Monaco, C Campbell, S Queller, K Whitlock, M Campbell, E Frajman, C Milchman, A O'Regan, I Labuschagne, J Stout, B Landwehrmeyer, D Craufurd, R Scahill, S Hicks, C Kennard, H Johnson, A Tobin, HD Rosas, R Reilmann, B Borowsky, C Pourchot, S C Andrews, Anne-Catherine Bachoud-Lévi, Anna Rita Bentivoglio, Ida Biunno, Raphael Bonelli, Jean-Marc Burgunder, Stephen Dunnett, Joaquim Ferreira, Olivia Handley, Arvid Heiberg, Torsten Illmann, G. Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Jamie Levey, Maria A. Ramos-Arroyo, Jørgen Nielsen, Susana Pro Koivisto, Markku Päivärinta, Raymund A.C. Roos, A Rojo Sebastián, Sarah Tabrizi, Wim Vandenberghe, Christine Verellen-Dumoulin, Tereza Uhrova, Jan Wahlström, Jacek Zaremba, Verena Baake, Katrin Barth, Monica Bascuñana Garde, Sabrina Betz, Reineke Bos, Jenny Callaghan, Adrien Come, Leonor Correia Guedes, Daniel Ecker, Ana Maria Finisterra, Ruth Fullam, Mette Gilling, Lena Gustafsson, Olivia J Handley, Carina Hvalstedt, Christine Held, Kerstin Koppers, Claudia Lamanna, Matilde Laurà, Asunción Martínez Descals, Saül Martinez-Horta, Tiago Mestre, Sara Minster, Daniela Monza, Lisanne Mütze, Martin Oehmen, Michael Orth, Hélène Padieu, Laurent Paterski, Nadia Peppa, Martina Di Renzo, Amandine Rialland, Niini Røren, Pavla Šašinková, Erika Timewell, Jenny Townhill, Patricia Trigo Cubillo, Wildson Vieira da Silva, Marleen R van Walsem, Carina Whalstedt, Marie-Noelle Witjes-Ané, Grzegorz Witkowski, Abigail Wright, Daniel Zielonka, Eugeniusz Zielonka, Paola Zinzi, Raphael M. Bonelli, Sabine Lilek, Karen Hecht, Brigitte Herranhof, Anna Holl, Hans-Peter Kapfhammer, Michael Koppitz, Markus Magnet, Nicole Müller, Daniela Otti, Annamaria Painold, Karin Reisinger, Monika Scheibl, Helmut Schöggl, Jasmin Ullah, Eva-Maria Braunwarth, Florian Brugger, Lisa Buratti, Eva-Maria Hametner, Caroline Hepperger, Christiane Holas, Anna Hotter, Anna Hussl, Christoph Müller, Werner Poewe, Klaus Seppi, Fabienne Sprenger, Gregor Wenning, Andrea Boogaerts, Godelinde Calmeyn, Isabelle Delvaux, Dirk Liessens, Nele Somers, Michel Dupuit, Cécile Minet, Dominique van Paemel, Pascale Ribaï, Dimphna van Reijen, Jirí Klempír, Veronika Majerová, Jan Roth, Irena Stárková, Lena E. Hjermind, Oda Jacobsen, Jørgen E. Nielsen, Ida Unmack Larsen, Tua Vinther-Jensen, Heli Hiivola, Hannele Hyppönen, Kirsti Martikainen, Katri Tuuha, Philippe Allain, Dominique Bonneau, Marie Bost, Bénédicte Gohier, Marie-Anne Guérid, Audrey Olivier, Adriana Prundean, Clarisse Scherer-Gagou, Christophe Verny, Blandine Babiloni, Sabrina Debruxelles, Charlotte Duché, Cyril Goizet, Laetitia Jameau, Danielle Lafoucrière, Umberto Spampinato, Rekha Barthélémy, Christelle De Bruycker, Maryline Cabaret Anne-Sophie Carette, Eric Decorte Luc Defebvre, Marie Delliaux, Arnaud Delval, Alain Destee, Kathy Dujardin, Marie-Hélène Lemaire, Sylvie Manouvrier, Mireille Peter, Lucie Plomhouse, Bernard Sablonnière, Clémence Simonin, Stéphanie Thibault-Tanchou, Isabelle Vuillaume, Marcellin Bellonet, Hassan Berrissoul, Stéphanie Blin, Françoise Courtin, Cécile Duru, Véronique Fasquel, Olivier Godefroy, Pierre Krystkowiak, Béatrice Mantaux, Martine Roussel, Sandrine Wannepain, Jean-Philippe Azulay, Marie Delfini, Alexandre Eusebio, Frédérique Fluchere, Laura Mundler, Mathieu Anheim, Celine Julié, Ouhaid Lagha Boukbiza, Nadine Longato, Gabrielle Rudolf, Christine Tranchant, Marie-Agathe Zimmermann, Christoph Michael Kosinski, Eva Milkereit, Daniela Probst, Kathrin Reetz, Christian Sass, Johannes Schiefer, Christiane Schlangen, Cornelius J. Werner, Harald Gelderblom, Josef Priller, Harald Prüß, Eike Jakob Spruth, Gisa Ellrichmann, Lennard Herrmann, Rainer Hoffmann, Barbara Kaminski, Peter Kotz, Christian Prehn, Carsten Saft, Herwig Lange, Robert Maiwald, Matthias Löhle, Antonia Maass, Simone Schmidt, Cecile Bosredon, Alexander Storch, Annett Wolz, Martin Wolz, Philipp Capetian, Johann Lambeck, Birgit Zucker, Kai Boelmans, Christos Ganos, Walburgis Heinicke, Ute Hidding, Jan Lewerenz, Alexander Münchau, Jenny Schmalfeld, Lars Stubbe, Simone Zittel, Gabriele Diercks, Dirk Dressler, Heike Gorzolla, Christoph Schrader, Pawel Tacik, Michael Ribbat, Bernhard Longinus, Katrin Bürk, Jens Carsten Möller, Ida Rissling, Mark Mühlau, Alexander Peinemann, Michael Städtler, Adolf Weindl, Juliane Winkelmann, Cornelia Ziegler, Natalie Bechtel, Heike Beckmann, Stefan Bohlen, Eva Hölzner, Ralf Reilmann, Stefanie Rohm, Silke Rumpf, Sigrun Schepers, Natalia Weber, Matthias Dose, Gabriele Leythäuser, Ralf Marquard, Tina Raab, Alexandra Wiedemann, Andrea Buck, Julia Connemann, Carolin Geitner, Andrea Kesse, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Christina Lang, Franziska Lezius, Solveig Nepper, Anke Niess, Ariane Schneider, Daniela Schwenk, Sigurd Süßmuth, Sonja Trautmann, Patrick Weydt, Claudia Cormio, Vittorio Sciruicchio, Claudia Serpino, Marina de Tommaso, Sabina Capellari, Pietro Cortelli, Roberto Galassi, Giovanni Rizzo, Roberto Poda, Cesa Scaglione, Elisabetta Bertini, Elena Ghelli, Andrea Ginestroni, Francesca Massaro, Claudia Mechi, Marco Paganini, Silvia Piacentini, Silvia Pradella, Anna Maria Romoli, Sandro Sorbi, Giovanni Abbruzzese, Monica Bandettini di Poggio, Giovanna Ferrandes, Paola Mandich, Roberta Marchese, Alberto Albanese, Daniela Di Bella, Anna Castaldo, Stefano Di Donato, Cinzia Gellera, Silvia Genitrini, Caterina Mariotti, Lorenzo Nanetti, Dominga Paridi, Paola Soliveri, Chiara Tomasello, Giuseppe De Michele, Luigi Di Maio, Marco Massarelli, Silvio Peluso, Alessandro Roca, Cinzia Valeria Russo, Elena Salvatore, Pierpaolo Sorrentino, Enrico Amico, Mariagrazia Favellato, Annamaria Griguoli, Irene Mazzante, Martina Petrollini, Ferdinando Squitieri, Barbara D'Alessio, Chiara Esposito, Rita Bentivoglio, Marina Frontali, Arianna Guidubaldi, Tamara Ialongo, Gioia Jacopini, Carla Piano, Silvia Romano, Francesco Soleti, Maria Spadaro, Monique S.E. van Hout, Marloes E. Verhoeven, Jeroen P.P. van Vugt, A. Marit de Weert, J.J.W. Bolwijn, M. Dekker, B. Kremer, K.L. Leenders, J.C.H. van Oostrom, Simon J.A. van den Bogaard, Eve M. Dumas, Ellen P. 't Hart, Berry Kremer, C.C.P. Verstappen, Olaf Aaserud, Jan Frich C, Ragnhild Wehus, Kathrine Bjørgo, Madeleine Fannemel, Per F. Gørvell, Eirin Lorentzen, Lars Retterstøl, Bodil Stokke, Inga Bjørnevoll, Sigrid Botne Sando, Artur Dziadkiewicz, Malgorzata Nowak, Piotr Robowski, Emilia Sitek, Jaroslaw Slawek, Witold Soltan, Michal Szinwelski, Magdalena Blaszcyk, Magdalena Boczarska-Jedynak, Ewelina Ciach-Wysocka, Agnieszka Gorzkowska, Barbara Jasinska-Myga, Gabriela Klodowska-Duda, Gregorz Opala, Daniel Stompel, Krzysztof Banaszkiewicz, Dorota Bocwinska, Kamila Bojakowska-Jaremek, Malgorzata Dec, Malgorzata Krawczyk, Monika Rudzinska, Elzbieta Szczygiel, Andrzej Szczudlik, Anna Wasielewska, Magdalena Wójcik, Anna Bryl, Anna Ciesielska, Aneta Klimberg, Jerzy Marcinkowski, Husam Samara, Justyna Sempolowicz, Anna Gogol, Piotr Janik, Hubert Kwiecinski, Zygmunt Jamrozik, Jakub Antczak, Katarzyna Jachinska, Wioletta Krysa, Maryla Rakowicz, Przemyslaw Richter, Rafal Rola, Danuta Ryglewicz, Halina Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Iwona Stepniak, Anna Sulek, Elzbieta Zdzienicka, Karolina Zieora-Jakutowicz, Joaquim J Ferreira, Miguel Coelho, Tiago Mendes, Anabela Valadas, Carlos Andrade, Miguel Gago, Carolina Garrett, Maria Rosália Guerra, Carmen Durán Herrera, Patrocinio Moreno Garcia, Miquel Aguilar Barbera, Dolors Badenes Guia, Laura Casas Hernanz, Judit López Catena, Pilar Quiléz Ferrer, Ana Rojo Sebastián, Gemma Tome Carruesco, Jordi Bas, Núria Busquets, Matilde Calopa, Misericordia Floriach Robert, Celia Mareca Viladrich, Jesús Miguel Ruiz Idiago, Antonio Villa Riballo, Esther Cubo, Cecilia Gil Polo, Natividad Mariscal, Perez Jessica Rivadeneyra, Francisco Barrero, Blas Morales, María Fenollar, Rocío García-Ramos García, Paloma Ortega, Clara Villanueva, Javier Alegre, Mónica Bascuñana, Juan Garcia Caldentey, Marta Fatás Ventura, Guillermo García Ribas, Justo García de Yébenes, José Luis López-Sendón Moreno, Fernando Alonso Frech, Pedro J García Ruíz, Asunción Martínez-Descals, Rosa Guerrero, María José Saiz Artiga, Vicenta Sánchez, María Fuensanta Noguera Perea, Lorenza Fortuna, Salvadora Manzanares, Gema Reinante, María Martirio Antequera Torres, Laura Vivancos Moreau, Sonia González González, Luis Menéndez Guisasola, Carlos Salvador, Esther Suaréz San Martín, Inés Legarda Ramirez, Aranzazú Gorospe, Mónica Rodriguez Lopera, Penelope Navas Arques, María José Torres Rodríguez, Barbara Vives Pastor, Itziar Gaston, Maria Dolores Martinez-Jaurrieta, Jose Manuel Garcia Moreno, Carolina Mendez Lucena, Fatima Damas, Hermoso Eva Pacheco Cortegana, José Chacón Peña, Luis Redondo, Fátima Carrillo, María Teresa Cáceres, Pablo Mir, María José Lama Suarez, Laura Vargas-González, Maria E. Bosca, Francisco Castera Brugada, Juan Andres Burguera, Anabel Campos, Garcia Carmen Peiró Vilaplana, Peter Berglund, Radu Constantinescu, Gunnel Fredlund, Ulrika Høsterey-Ugander, Petra Linnsand, Liselotte Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Magnus Wentzel, Ghada Loutfi, Carina Olofsson, Eva-Lena Stattin, Laila Westman, Birgitta Wikström, Yanik Stebler, Alain Kaelin, Irene Romero, Michael Schüpbach, Sabine Weber Zaugg, Maria Hauer, Roman Gonzenbach, Hans H. Jung, Violeta Mihaylova, Jens Petersen, Roisin Jack, Kirsty Matheson, Zosia Miedzybrodzka, Daniela Rae, Sheila A Simpson, Fiona Summers, Alexandra Ure, Vivien Vaughan, Shahbana Akhtar, Jenny Crooks, Adrienne Curtis, Jenny de Souza, John Piedad, Hugh Rickards, Jan Wright, Elizabeth Coulthard, Louise Gethin, Beverley Hayward, Kasia Sieradzan, Matthew Armstrong, Roger A. Barker, Deidre O'Keefe, Anna Di Pietro, Kate Fisher, Anna Goodman, Susan Hill, Ann Kershaw, Sarah Mason, Nicole Paterson, Lucy Raymond, Rachel Swain, Natalie Valle Guzman, Monica Busse, Cynthia Butcher, Catherine Clenaghan, Sarah Hunt, Una Jones, Hanan Khalil, Michael Owen, Kathleen Price, Anne Rosser, Maureen Edwards, Carrie Ho, Teresa Hughes, Marie McGill, Pauline Pearson, Mary Porteous, Paul Smith, Peter Brockie, Jillian Foster, Nicola Johns, Sue McKenzie, Jean Rothery, Gareth Thomas, Shona Yates, Liz Burrows, Carol Chu, Amy Fletcher, Deena Gallantrae, Stephanie Hamer, Alison Harding, Stefan Klöppel, Alison Kraus, Fiona Laver, Monica Lewis, Mandy Longthorpe, Ivana Markova, Ashok Raman, Nicola Robertson, Mark Silva, Aileen Thomson, Sue Wild, Pam Yardumian, Carole Evans, Deena Gallentrae, Emma Hobson, Stuart Jamieson, Hannah Musgrave, Liz Rowett, Jean Toscano, Colin Bourne, Jackie Clapton, Carole Clayton, Heather Dipple, Dawn Freire-Patino, Janet Grant, Diana Gross, Caroline Hallam, Julia Middleton, Ann Murch, Catherine Thompson, Sundus Alusi, Rhys Davies, Kevin Foy, Emily Gerrans, Louise Pate, Thomasin Andrews, Andrew Dougherty, Charlotte Golding, Fred Kavalier, Hana Laing, Alison Lashwood, Dene Robertson, Deborah Ruddy, Alastair Santhouse, Anna Whaite, Stefania Bruno, Karen Doherty, Salman Haider, Davina Hensman, Nayana Lahiri, Marianne Novak, Aakta Patel, Elisabeth Rosser, Rachel Taylor, Thomas Warner, Edward Wild, Natalie Arran, Judith Bek, David Craufurd, Marianne Hare, Liz Howard, Susan Huson, Liz Johnson, Mary Jones, Helen Murphy, Emma Oughton, Lucy Partington-Jones, Dawn Rogers, Andrea Sollom, Julie Snowden, Cheryl Stopford, Jennifer Thompson, Iris Trender-Gerhard, Nichola Verstraelen, Leann Westmoreland, Richard Armstrong, Kathryn Dixon, Andrea H Nemeth, Gill Siuda, Ruth Valentine, David Harrison, Max Hughes, Andrew Parkinson, Beverley Soltysiak, Oliver Bandmann, Alyson Bradbury, Paul Gill, Helen Fairtlough, Kay Fillingham, Isabella Foustanos, Mbombe Kazoka, Kirsty O'Donovan, Cat Taylor, Katherine Tidswell, Oliver Quarrell, Puay Ngoh Lau, Emmanul Pica, Louis Tan

    المساهمون: Univ Angers, Okina, Moss, Davina J. Hensman, Tabrizi, Sarah J, Mead, Simon, Kitty, Lo, Pardiã±as, Antonio F, Holmans, Peter, Jones, Lesley, Langbehn, Dougla, Coleman, A., Santos, R. Dar, Decolongon, J., Sturrock, A., Bardinet, E., Ret, C. Jauff, Justo, D., Lehericy, S., Marelli, C., Nigaud, K., Valabrãgue, R., van den Bogaard, S. J. A., Dumas, E. M., van der Grond, J., T'Hart, E. P., Jurgens, C., Witjes-Ane, M. -. N., Arran, N., Callaghan, J., Stopford, C., Frost, C., Jones, R., Hobbs, N., Lahiri, N., Ordidge, R., Owen, G., Pepple, T., Read, J., Say, M., Wild, E., Patel, A., Fox, N. C., Gibbard, C., Malone, I., Crawford, H., Whitehead, D., Keenan, S., Cash, D. M., Berna, C., Bechtel, N., Bohlen, S., Man, A. Hoff, Kraus, P., Axelson, E., Wang, C., Acharya, T., Lee, S., Monaco, W., Campbell, C., Queller, S., Whitlock, K., Campbell, M., Frajman, E., Milchman, C., O'Regan, A., Labuschagne, I., Stout, J., Landwehrmeyer, B., Craufurd, D., Scahill, R., Hicks, S., Kennard, C., Johnson, H., Tobin, A., Rosas, H. D., Reilmann, R., Borowsky, B., Pourchot, C., Andrews, S. C., Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine, Bentivoglio, Anna Rita, Biunno, Ida, Bonelli, Raphael, Burgunder, Jean-Marc, Dunnett, Stephen, Ferreira, Joaquim, Handley, Olivia, Heiberg, Arvid, Illmann, Torsten, Landwehrmeyer, G. Bernhard, Levey, Jamie, Ramos-Arroyo, Maria A., Nielsen, Jã¸rgen, Koivisto, Susana Pro, Pã¤ivã¤rinta, Markku, Roos, Raymund A. C., Sebastiã¡n, A. Rojo, Tabrizi, Sarah, Vandenberghe, Wim, Verellen-Dumoulin, Christine, Uhrova, Tereza, Wahlstrã¶m, Jan, Zaremba, Jacek, Baake, Verena, Barth, Katrin, Garde, Monica Bascuñana, Betz, Sabrina, Bos, Reineke, Callaghan, Jenny, Come, Adrien, Guedes, Leonor Correia, Ecker, Daniel, Finisterra, Ana Maria, Fullam, Ruth, Gilling, Mette, Gustafsson, Lena, Handley, Olivia J, Hvalstedt, Carina, Held, Christine, Koppers, Kerstin, Lamanna, Claudia, Laurã , Matilde, Descals, Asunción Martínez, Martinez-Horta, Saã¼l, Mestre, Tiago, Minster, Sara, Monza, Daniela, Mã¼tze, Lisanne, Oehmen, Martin, Orth, Michael, Padieu, Hã©lãne, Paterski, Laurent, Peppa, Nadia, Di Renzo, Martina, Rialland, Amandine, Rã¸ren, Niini, Å aå¡inkovã¡, Pavla, Timewell, Erika, Townhill, Jenny, Cubillo, Patricia Trigo, da Silva, Wildson Vieira, van Walsem, Marleen R, Whalstedt, Carina, Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle, Witkowski, Grzegorz, Wright, Abigail, Zielonka, Daniel, Zielonka, Eugeniusz, Zinzi, Paola, Bonelli, Raphael M., Lilek, Sabine, Hecht, Karen, Herranhof, Brigitte, Holl, Anna, Kapfhammer, Hans-Peter, Koppitz, Michael, Magnet, Marku, Mã¼ller, Nicole, Otti, Daniela, Painold, Annamaria, Reisinger, Karin, Scheibl, Monika, Schã¶ggl, Helmut, Ullah, Jasmin, Braunwarth, Eva-Maria, Brugger, Florian, Buratti, Lisa, Hametner, Eva-Maria, Hepperger, Caroline, Holas, Christiane, Hotter, Anna, Hussl, Anna, Mã¼ller, Christoph, Poewe, Werner, Seppi, Klau, Sprenger, Fabienne, Wenning, Gregor, Boogaerts, Andrea, Calmeyn, Godelinde, Delvaux, Isabelle, Liessens, Dirk, Somers, Nele, Dupuit, Michel, Minet, Cã©cile, van Paemel, Dominique, Ribaã¯, Pascale, van Reijen, Dimphna, Klempã­r, Jirã­, Majerovã¡, Veronika, Roth, Jan, Stã¡rkovã¡, Irena, Hjermind, Lena E., Jacobsen, Oda, Nielsen, Jørgen E., Larsen, Ida Unmack, Vinther-Jensen, Tua, Hiivola, Heli, Hyppã¶nen, Hannele, Martikainen, Kirsti, Tuuha, Katri, Allain, Philippe, Bonneau, Dominique, Bost, Marie, Gohier, Bã©nã©dicte, Guã©rid, Marie-Anne, Olivier, Audrey, Prundean, Adriana, Scherer-Gagou, Clarisse, Verny, Christophe, Babiloni, Blandine, Debruxelles, Sabrina, Duchã©, Charlotte, Goizet, Cyril, Jameau, Laetitia, Lafoucriãre, Danielle, Spampinato, Umberto, Barthã©lã©my, Rekha, De Bruycker, Christelle, Carette, Maryline Cabaret Anne-Sophie, Defebvre, Eric Decorte Luc, Delliaux, Marie, Delval, Arnaud, Destee, Alain, Dujardin, Kathy, Lemaire, Marie-HélÃne, Manouvrier, Sylvie, Peter, Mireille, Plomhouse, Lucie, Sablonniãre, Bernard, Simonin, Clã©mence, Thibault-Tanchou, Stã©phanie, Vuillaume, Isabelle, Bellonet, Marcellin, Berrissoul, Hassan, Blin, Stã©phanie, Courtin, Franã§oise, Duru, Cã©cile, Fasquel, Vã©ronique, Godefroy, Olivier, Krystkowiak, Pierre, Mantaux, Bã©atrice, Roussel, Martine, Wannepain, Sandrine, Azulay, Jean-Philippe, Delfini, Marie, Eusebio, Alexandre, Fluchere, Frã©dã©rique, Mundler, Laura, Anheim, Mathieu, Juliã©, Celine, Boukbiza, Ouhaid Lagha, Longato, Nadine, Rudolf, Gabrielle, Tranchant, Christine, Zimmermann, Marie-Agathe, Kosinski, Christoph Michael, Milkereit, Eva, Probst, Daniela, Reetz, Kathrin, Sass, Christian, Schiefer, Johanne, Schlangen, Christiane, Werner, Cornelius J., Gelderblom, Harald, Priller, Josef, Prã¼ã , Harald, Spruth, Eike Jakob, Ellrichmann, Gisa, Herrmann, Lennard, Hoffmann, Rainer, Kaminski, Barbara, Kotz, Peter, Prehn, Christian, Saft, Carsten, Lange, Herwig, Maiwald, Robert, Lã¶hle, Matthia, Maass, Antonia, Schmidt, Simone, Bosredon, Cecile, Storch, Alexander, Wolz, Annett, Wolz, Martin, Capetian, Philipp, Lambeck, Johann, Zucker, Birgit, Boelmans, Kai, Ganos, Christo, Heinicke, Walburgi, Hidding, Ute, Lewerenz, Jan, Mã¼nchau, Alexander, Schmalfeld, Jenny, Stubbe, Lar, Zittel, Simone, Diercks, Gabriele, Dressler, Dirk, Gorzolla, Heike, Schrader, Christoph, Tacik, Pawel, Ribbat, Michael, Longinus, Bernhard, Bã¼rk, Katrin, Mã¶ller, Jens Carsten, Rissling, Ida, Mã¼hlau, Mark, Peinemann, Alexander, Stã¤dtler, Michael, Weindl, Adolf, Winkelmann, Juliane, Ziegler, Cornelia, Bechtel, Natalie, Beckmann, Heike, Bohlen, Stefan, Hã¶lzner, Eva, Reilmann, Ralf, Rohm, Stefanie, Rumpf, Silke, Schepers, Sigrun, Weber, Natalia, Dose, Matthia, Leythã¤user, Gabriele, Marquard, Ralf, Raab, Tina, Wiedemann, Alexandra, Buck, Andrea, Connemann, Julia, Geitner, Carolin, Kesse, Andrea, Landwehrmeyer, Bernhard, Lang, Christina, Lezius, Franziska, Nepper, Solveig, Niess, Anke, Schneider, Ariane, Schwenk, Daniela, Sã¼ã muth, Sigurd, Trautmann, Sonja, Weydt, Patrick, Cormio, Claudia, Sciruicchio, Vittorio, Serpino, Claudia, de Tommaso, Marina, Capellari, Sabina, Cortelli, Pietro, Galassi, Roberto, Rizzo, Giovanni, Poda, Roberto, Scaglione, Cesa, Bertini, Elisabetta, Ghelli, Elena, Ginestroni, Andrea, Massaro, Francesca, Mechi, Claudia, Paganini, Marco, Piacentini, Silvia, Pradella, Silvia, Romoli, Anna Maria, Sorbi, Sandro, Abbruzzese, Giovanni, di Poggio, Monica Bandettini, Ferrandes, Giovanna, Mandich, Paola, Roberta, Marchese, Albanese, Alberto, Di Bella, Daniela, Castaldo, Anna, Di 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E., Verhoeven, Marloes E., van Vugt, Jeroen P. P., de Weert, A. Marit, Bolwijn, J. J. W., Dekker, M., Kremer, B., Leenders, K. L., van Oostrom, J. C. H., van den Bogaard, Simon J. A., Dumas, Eve M., â t Hart, Ellen P., Kremer, Berry, Verstappen, C. C. P., Aaserud, Olaf, Jan Frich, C., Wehus, Ragnhild, Bjã¸rgo, Kathrine, Fannemel, Madeleine, Gã¸rvell, Per F., Lorentzen, Eirin, Retterstã¸l, Lar, Stokke, Bodil, Bjã¸rnevoll, Inga, Sando, Sigrid Botne, Dziadkiewicz, Artur, Nowak, Malgorzata, Robowski, Piotr, Sitek, Emilia, Slawek, Jaroslaw, Soltan, Witold, Szinwelski, Michal, Blaszcyk, Magdalena, Boczarska-Jedynak, Magdalena, Ciach-Wysocka, Ewelina, Gorzkowska, Agnieszka, Jasinska-Myga, Barbara, Klodowska-Duda, Gabriela, Opala, Gregorz, Stompel, Daniel, Banaszkiewicz, Krzysztof, Bocwinska, Dorota, Bojakowska-Jaremek, Kamila, Dec, Malgorzata, Krawczyk, Malgorzata, Rudzinska, Monika, Szczygiel, Elzbieta, Szczudlik, Andrzej, Wasielewska, Anna, Wã³jcik, Magdalena, Bryl, Anna, Ciesielska, Anna, Klimberg, Aneta, Marcinkowski, Jerzy, Samara, Husam, Sempolowicz, Justyna, Gogol, Anna, Janik, Piotr, Kwiecinski, Hubert, Jamrozik, Zygmunt, Antczak, Jakub, Jachinska, Katarzyna, Krysa, Wioletta, Rakowicz, Maryla, Richter, Przemyslaw, Rola, Rafal, Ryglewicz, Danuta, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, Halina, Stepniak, Iwona, Sulek, Anna, Zdzienicka, Elzbieta, Zieora-Jakutowicz, Karolina, Ferreira, Joaquim J, Coelho, Miguel, Mendes, Tiago, Valadas, Anabela, Andrade, Carlo, Gago, Miguel, Garrett, Carolina, Guerra, Maria Rosália, Herrera, Carmen Durán, Garcia, Patrocinio Moreno, Barbera, Miquel Aguilar, Guia, Dolors Badene, Hernanz, Laura Casa, Catena, Judit López, Ferrer, Pilar Quiléz, Sebastiã¡n, Ana Rojo, Carruesco, Gemma Tome, Bas, Jordi, Busquets, Nãºria, Calopa, Matilde, Robert, Misericordia Floriach, Viladrich, Celia Mareca, Idiago, Jesús Miguel Ruiz, Riballo, Antonio Villa, Cubo, Esther, Polo, Cecilia Gil, Mariscal, Natividad, Rivadeneyra, Perez Jessica, Barrero, Francisco, Morales, Bla, Fenollar, Marã­a, Garcã­a, Rocío García-Ramo, Ortega, Paloma, Villanueva, Clara, Alegre, Javier, Bascuã±ana, Mã³nica, Caldentey, Juan Garcia, Ventura, Marta Fatá, Ribas, Guillermo García, de Yébenes, Justo García, Moreno, José Luis López-Sendón, Frech, Fernando Alonso, Ruã­z, Pedro J. García, Martínez-Descals, Asunciã³n, Guerrero, Rosa, Artiga, María José Saiz, Sã¡nchez, Vicenta, Perea, María Fuensanta Noguera, Fortuna, Lorenza, Manzanares, Salvadora, Reinante, Gema, Torres, María Martirio Antequera, Moreau, Laura Vivanco, González González, Sonia, Guisasola, Luis Menéndez, Salvador, Carlo, Martã­n, Esther Suaréz San, Ramirez, Inés Legarda, Gorospe, Aranzazãº, Lopera, Mónica Rodriguez, Arques, Penelope Nava, Rodrã­guez, María José Torre, Pastor, Barbara Vive, Gaston, Itziar, Martinez-Jaurrieta, Maria Dolore, Moreno, Jose Manuel Garcia, Lucena, Carolina Mendez, Damas, Fatima, Cortegana, Hermoso Eva Pacheco, Peã±a, José Chacón, Redondo, Lui, Carrillo, Fã¡tima, Teresa Cáceres, Marã­a, Mir, Pablo, Suarez, María José Lama, Vargas-González, Laura, Bosca, Maria E., Brugada, Francisco Castera, Burguera, Juan Andre, Campos, Anabel, Vilaplana, Garcia Carmen Peiró, Berglund, Peter, Constantinescu, Radu, Fredlund, Gunnel, Høsterey-Ugander, Ulrika, Linnsand, Petra, Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Liselotte, Wentzel, Magnu, Loutfi, Ghada, Olofsson, Carina, Stattin, Eva-Lena, Westman, Laila, Wikstrã¶m, Birgitta, Stebler, Yanik, Kaelin, Alain, Romero, Irene, Schã¼pbach, Michael, Weber Zaugg, Sabine, Hauer, Maria, Gonzenbach, Roman, Jung, Hans H., Mihaylova, Violeta, Petersen, Jen, Jack, Roisin, Matheson, Kirsty, Miedzybrodzka, Zosia, Rae, Daniela, Simpson, Sheila A, Summers, Fiona, Ure, Alexandra, Vaughan, Vivien, Akhtar, Shahbana, Crooks, Jenny, Curtis, Adrienne, de Souza, Jenny, Piedad, John, Rickards, Hugh, Wright, Jan, Coulthard, Elizabeth, Gethin, Louise, Hayward, Beverley, Sieradzan, Kasia, Armstrong, Matthew, Barker, Roger A., O'Keefe, Deidre, Di Pietro, Anna, Fisher, Kate, Goodman, Anna, Hill, Susan, Kershaw, Ann, Mason, Sarah, Paterson, Nicole, Raymond, Lucy, Swain, Rachel, Guzman, Natalie Valle, Busse, Monica, Butcher, Cynthia, Clenaghan, Catherine, Hunt, Sarah, Jones, Una, Khalil, Hanan, Owen, Michael, Price, Kathleen, Rosser, Anne, Edwards, Maureen, Carrie, Ho, Hughes, Teresa, Mcgill, Marie, Pearson, Pauline, Porteous, Mary, Smith, Paul, Brockie, Peter, Foster, Jillian, Johns, Nicola, Mckenzie, Sue, Rothery, Jean, Thomas, Gareth, Yates, Shona, Burrows, Liz, Chu, Carol, Fletcher, Amy, Gallantrae, Deena, Hamer, Stephanie, Harding, Alison, Klã¶ppel, Stefan, Kraus, Alison, Laver, Fiona, Lewis, Monica, Longthorpe, Mandy, Markova, Ivana, Raman, Ashok, Robertson, Nicola, Silva, Mark, Thomson, Aileen, Wild, Sue, Yardumian, Pam, Evans, Carole, Gallentrae, Deena, Hobson, Emma, Jamieson, Stuart, Musgrave, Hannah, Rowett, Liz, Toscano, Jean, Bourne, Colin, Clapton, Jackie, Clayton, Carole, Dipple, Heather, Freire-Patino, Dawn, Grant, Janet, Gross, Diana, Hallam, Caroline, Middleton, Julia, Murch, Ann, Thompson, Catherine, Alusi, Sundu, Davies, Rhy, Foy, Kevin, Gerrans, Emily, Pate, Louise, Andrews, Thomasin, Dougherty, Andrew, Golding, Charlotte, Kavalier, Fred, Laing, Hana, Lashwood, Alison, Robertson, Dene, Ruddy, Deborah, Santhouse, Alastair, Whaite, Anna, Bruno, Stefania, Doherty, Karen, Haider, Salman, Hensman, Davina, Lahiri, Nayana, Novak, Marianne, Patel, Aakta, Rosser, Elisabeth, Taylor, Rachel, Warner, Thoma, Wild, Edward, Arran, Natalie, Bek, Judith, Craufurd, David, Hare, Marianne, Howard, Liz, Huson, Susan, Johnson, Liz, Jones, Mary, Murphy, Helen, Oughton, Emma, Partington-Jones, Lucy, Rogers, Dawn, Sollom, Andrea, Snowden, Julie, Stopford, Cheryl, Thompson, Jennifer, Trender-Gerhard, Iri, Verstraelen, Nichola, Westmoreland, Leann, Armstrong, Richard, Dixon, Kathryn, Nemeth, Andrea H, Siuda, Gill, Valentine, Ruth, David, Harrison, Hughes, Max, Parkinson, Andrew, Soltysiak, Beverley, Bandmann, Oliver, Bradbury, Alyson, Gill, Paul, Fairtlough, Helen, Fillingham, Kay, Foustanos, Isabella, Kazoka, Mbombe, O'Donovan, Kirsty, Taylor, Cat, Tidswell, Katherine, Quarrell, Oliver, Lau, Puay Ngoh, Pica, Emmanul, Tan, Louis, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, Neurology, Biologie Neurovasculaire et Mitochondriale Intégrée (BNMI), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Moss, Davina J Hensman, Lo, Kitty, Pardiñas, Antonio F, Santos, R Dar, Ret, C Jauff, Valabrègue, R., Witjes-Ane, M. -N., Man, A Hoff, Bachoud-Lévi, Anne-Catherine, Nielsen, Jørgen, Päivärinta, Markku, Sebastián, A Rojo, Wahlström, Jan, Garde, Monica Bascuñana, Laurà, Matilde, Descals, Asunción Martínez, Martinez-Horta, Saül, Mütze, Lisanne, Padieu, Hélène, Røren, Niini, Šašinková, Pavla, Witjes-Ané, Marie-Noelle, Müller, Nicole, Schöggl, Helmut, Müller, Christoph, Minet, Cécile, Ribaï, Pascale, Klempír, Jirí, Majerová, Veronika, Stárková, Irena, Nielsen, Jørgen E., Hyppönen, Hannele, Gohier, Bénédicte, Guérid, Marie-Anne, Duché, Charlotte, Lafoucrière, Danielle, Barthélémy, Rekha, Lemaire, Marie-Hélène, Sablonnière, Bernard, Simonin, Clémence, Thibault-Tanchou, Stéphanie, Blin, Stéphanie, Courtin, Françoise, Duru, Cécile, Fasquel, Véronique, Mantaux, Béatrice, Fluchere, Frédérique, Julié, Celine, Prüß, Harald, Löhle, Matthia, Münchau, Alexander, Bürk, Katrin, Möller, Jens Carsten, Mühlau, Mark, Städtler, Michael, Hölzner, Eva, Leythäuser, Gabriele, Süßmuth, Sigurd, Marchese, Roberta, DI MAIO, Luigi, ’t Hart, Ellen P., Bjørgo, Kathrine, Gørvell, Per F., Retterstøl, Lar, Bjørnevoll, Inga, Wójcik, Magdalena, Guerra, Maria Rosália, Herrera, Carmen Durán, Catena, Judit López, Ferrer, Pilar Quiléz, Sebastián, Ana Rojo, Busquets, Núria, Idiago, Jesús Miguel Ruiz, Fenollar, María, García, Rocío García-Ramo, Bascuñana, Mónica, Ventura, Marta Fatá, Ribas, Guillermo García, de Yébenes, Justo García, Moreno, José Luis López-Sendón, Ruíz, Pedro J García, Martínez-Descals, Asunción, Artiga, María José Saiz, Sánchez, Vicenta, Perea, María Fuensanta Noguera, Torres, María Martirio Antequera, González González, Sonia, Guisasola, Luis Menéndez, Martín, Esther Suaréz San, Ramirez, Inés Legarda, Gorospe, Aranzazú, Lopera, Mónica Rodriguez, Rodríguez, María José Torre, Peña, José Chacón, Carrillo, Fátima, Teresa Cáceres, María, Suarez, María José Lama, Vargas-González, Laura, Vilaplana, Garcia Carmen Peiró, Høsterey-Ugander, Ulrika, Neleborn-Lingefjärd, Liselotte, Wikström, Birgitta, Schüpbach, Michael, Ho, Carrie, Klöppel, Stefan, Harrison, David, Cardiff University, University of Iowa [Iowa City], University of British Columbia (UBC), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UCL, Institute of Neurology [London], National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Center for NeuroImaging Research-Human MRI Neuroimaging core facility for clinical research [ICM Paris] (CENIR), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFR de Neuroimagerie Fonctionnelle (IFR 49), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies - UR UPJV 4559 (LNFP), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), CHirurgie, IMagerie et REgénération tissulaire de l’extrémité céphalique - Caractérisation morphologique et fonctionnelle - UR UPJV 7516 (CHIMERE), TRACK-HD investigators, Pardinas, Antonio F, Langbehn, Douglas, Lee, S Hong, TRACK-HD Investigators, REGISTRY Investigators

    المصدر: The Lancet Neurology, 16(9), 701-711. Lancet Publishing Group
    BASE-Bielefeld Academic Search Engine
    The Lancet Neurology, 16(9), 701-711
    The Lancet Neurology
    The Lancet Neurology, Elsevier, 2017, 16, pp.701-711
    Moss, D J H, Tabrizi, S J, Mead, S, Lo, K, Pardiñas, A F, Holmans, P, Jones, L, Langbehn, D, Leavitt, B R, Roos, R, Durr, A, Durr, A, TRACK-HD investigators & REGISTRY investigators† 2017, ' Identification of genetic variants associated with Huntington's disease progression : a genome-wide association study ', The Lancet Neurology, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 701-711 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422Test(17)30161-8
    The Lancet Neurology, 2017, 16 (9), pp.701-711. ⟨10.1016/S1474-4422(17)30161-8⟩

    الوصف: Background Huntington's disease is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene, HTT. Age at onset has been used as a quantitative phenotype in genetic analysis looking for Huntington's disease modifiers, but is hard to define and not always available. Therefore, we aimed to generate a novel measure of disease progression and to identify genetic markers associated with this progression measure. Methods We generated a progression score on the basis of principal component analysis of prospectively acquired longitudinal changes in motor, cognitive, and imaging measures in the 218 indivduals in the TRACK-HD cohort of Huntington's disease gene mutation carriers (data collected 2008–11). We generated a parallel progression score using data from 1773 previously genotyped participants from the European Huntington's Disease Network REGISTRY study of Huntington's disease mutation carriers (data collected 2003–13). We did a genome-wide association analyses in terms of progression for 216 TRACK-HD participants and 1773 REGISTRY participants, then a meta-analysis of these results was undertaken. Findings Longitudinal motor, cognitive, and imaging scores were correlated with each other in TRACK-HD participants, justifying use of a single, cross-domain measure of disease progression in both studies. The TRACK-HD and REGISTRY progression measures were correlated with each other (r=0·674), and with age at onset (TRACK-HD, r=0·315; REGISTRY, r=0·234). The meta-analysis of progression in TRACK-HD and REGISTRY gave a genome-wide significant signal (p=1·12 × 10−10) on chromosome 5 spanning three genes: MSH3, DHFR, and MTRNR2L2. The genes in this locus were associated with progression in TRACK-HD (MSH3 p=2·94 × 10−8 DHFR p=8·37 × 10−7 MTRNR2L2 p=2·15 × 10−9) and to a lesser extent in REGISTRY (MSH3 p=9·36 × 10−4 DHFR p=8·45 × 10−4 MTRNR2L2 p=1·20 × 10−3). The lead single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in TRACK-HD (rs557874766) was genome-wide significant in the meta-analysis (p=1·58 × 10−8), and encodes an aminoacid change (Pro67Ala) in MSH3. In TRACK-HD, each copy of the minor allele at this SNP was associated with a 0·4 units per year (95% CI 0·16–0·66) reduction in the rate of change of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) Total Motor Score, and a reduction of 0·12 units per year (95% CI 0·06–0·18) in the rate of change of UHDRS Total Functional Capacity score. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age of onset. Interpretation The multidomain progression measure in TRACK-HD was associated with a functional variant that was genome-wide significant in our meta-analysis. The association in only 216 participants implies that the progression measure is a sensitive reflection of disease burden, that the effect size at this locus is large, or both. Knockout of Msh3 reduces somatic expansion in Huntington's disease mouse models, suggesting this mechanism as an area for future therapeutic investigation. Funding The European Commission FP7 NeurOmics project; CHDI Foundation; the Medical Research Council UK; the Brain Research Trust; and the Guarantors of Brain.

    وصف الملف: STAMPA; application/pdf

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    المصدر: European journal of neurologyReferences. 27(2)

    الوصف: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Huntington's disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder with varied prevalence in different populations, which may be associated with specific haplotypes. This study aimed to explore the haplotypes encompassing the HTT gene in the Chinese population. METHODS A total of 406 individuals with HD and 59 normal relatives from 253 families with HD were enrolled. A total of 29 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) were selected and genotyped for the haplotype analysis. RESULTS In stage one, we used 18 tSNPs to replicate the distribution of three major haplogroups (A, B, C). We found that risk-associated haplogroup variants A1 and A2, enriched on Caucasian HD chromosomes, were totally absent from both Chinese HD and control chromosomes, and the distributions of haplogroups between HD and control chromosomes were similar. Therefore, in stage two, we used 29 tSNPs (including the18 tSNPs) to define new haplogroups (I, II, III) and found that haplogroup I accounted for 61.4% on HD chromosomes and 34.4% on control chromosomes, indicating that haplogroup I was enriched on Chinese HD chromosomes. CONCLUSIONS This is the first haplotype analysis encompassing HTT in the Chinese population. The results contribute to explaining the low prevalence of HD in China and provide a better understanding of genetic diversity in the HTT region.

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  9. 9

    المصدر: Neurological Research. 38:916-920

    الوصف: Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by the expansion of unstable CAG repeats in the HTT gene. There are scarce data about HD in China. Fifty-eight HD patients were consecutively recruited and assessed using the Unified HD Rating Scale (UHDRS) motor section and UHDRS behaviour assessment (UHDRS-b). Genetic analyses were also conducted. Thirty-three women and Twenty -five men were diagnosed with a mean age of 46.1 ± 11.2 years and a mean number of CAG triplet repeats 44.6 ± 4.4. CAG triplet repeat number was negatively correlated with age at onset, and positively correlated with UHDRS-b total score, and its subdomains including depressed mood, low self-esteem, anxiety and irritability. On the other hand, negative correlations were identified between age at onset and UHDRS-b total score, and its subdomains include low self-esteem, anxiety, suicidal thought, irritability and apathy. Disease durations were correlated with UHDRS motor scores and anxiety domain of UHDRS-b. This is the largest series of Chinese HD patients with demographic, clinical and genetic data confirms the demographic features of Chinese HD patients are comparable to those in other ethnic backgrounds. CAG triplet repeat number may also predict the severity of behaviour problems in HD patients besides its predication for age of onset.

  10. 10

    المصدر: Parkinsonism & Related Disorders. 27:41-46

    الوصف: Background Huntington's Disease (HD) is characterized by motor, cognitive and psychiatric dysfunction. Functional MRI (fMRI) provides new insight into the pathologic mechanism underlying the cognitive symptoms. Previous fMRI studies of HD focused on functional synchronization of various brain areas by measuring functional connectivity, a method that is unable to identify regional intrinsic neural activity changes in the brain. To fill in this gap, we utilized amplitude of low frequency fluctuations (ALFF). Objective To investigate alterations in regional brain activity and their association with clinical characteristics in the early stages of HD. Methods Ten early stage HD patients and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were scanned to obtain imaging data. HD patients were assessed with the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale, Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Stroop test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), Verbal Fluency Test and Beck Depression Index. Results Gray matter volume (GMV) reduction was detected in bilateral striatum and left calcarine cortex in the HD group. After correcting for GMV, HD patients demonstrated significantly decreased ALFF in the right precuneus and angular gyrus, and increased ALFF in bilateral inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and left superior frontal gyrus. Increased mean values of ALFF in the left ITG were correlated with worse performance in SDMT, and decreased mean values of ALFF in the precuneus were correlated with worse performance in the Stroop test and SDMT. Conclusions Our results suggest that intrinsic brain activity alterations in the precuneus and cortico-striatal circuit may be the mechanism underlying impaired cognition in early HD.