المؤلفون: Wisel, SA, Gardner, JM, Roll, GR, Harbell, J, Freise, CE, Feng, S, Kang, SM, Hirose, R, Kaufman, DB, Posselt, AM, Stock, PG

المصدر: American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons. 17(9)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Humans, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Insulin, Immunosuppressive Agents, Prognosis, Pancreas Transplantation, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, Risk Factors, Follow-Up Studies, Graft Rejection, Graft Survival, Adult, Middle Aged, Female, Male, Young Adult, clinical research/practice, diabetes: type 1, immunosuppressive regimens, islet transplantation, pancreas/simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation, patient characteristics, protocol biopsy, Kidney Disease, Diabetes, Organ Transplantation, Transplantation, Autoimmune Disease, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 5.4 Surgery, Renal and urogenital, Metabolic and endocrine, Medical and Health Sciences, Surgery

الوصف: Islet transplantation offers a minimally invasive approach for β cell replacement in diabetic patients with hypoglycemic unawareness. Attempts at insulin independence may require multiple islet reinfusions from distinct donors, increasing the risk of allogeneic sensitization. Currently, solid organ pancreas transplant is the only remaining surgical option following failed islet transplantation in the United States; however, the immunologic impact of repeated exposure to donor antigens on subsequent pancreas transplantation is unclear. We describe a case series of seven patients undergoing solid organ pancreas transplant following islet graft failure with long-term follow-up of pancreatic graft survival and renal function. Despite highly variable panel reactive antibody levels prior to pancreas transplant (mean 27 ± 35%), all seven patients achieved stable and durable insulin independence with a mean follow-up of 6.7 years. Mean hemoglobin A1c values improved significantly from postislet, prepancreas levels (mean 8.1 ± 1.5%) to postpancreas levels (mean 5.3 ± 0.1%; p = 0.0022). Three patients experienced acute rejection episodes that were successfully managed with thymoglobulin and methylprednisolone, and none of these preuremic type 1 diabetic recipients developed stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease postoperatively. These results support pancreas-after-islet transplantation with aggressive immunosuppression and protocol biopsies as a viable strategy to restore insulin independence after islet graft failure.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gt3z474Test

المؤلفون: Curren, R D, Harbell, J W

المصدر: Environmental Health Perspectives

مصطلحات موضوعية: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Reproducibility of Results, In Vitro Techniques, Animal Testing Alternatives, Eye, Toxicity Tests, Irritants, Animals, Humans, Rabbits, Ocular Physiological Phenomena, Cells, Cultured, Research Article, Forecasting

الوصف: The necessity of using animals to test whether new chemicals and products are eye irritants has been questioned with increasing frequency and fervor over the last 20 years. During this time many new nonanimal methods have been proposed as reliable alternatives to the traditional rabbit (Draize) test. To date, however, none of these nonanimal (in vitro) tests have become universally accepted as a complete replacement for the Draize test. To understand why a complete replacement has not been found, one has to first understand the reasonably complex structure of the eye, the standard Draize scoring scale--which is based on a qualitative evaluation of three different tissues--the differences between human and rabbit eyes, the intrinsic variability of the animal test, and the details of the different in vitro tests that have been proposed as replacements. The in vitro tests vary from relatively simple assays using single cells to more sophisticated assays that use discarded animal tissue or artificially constructed human tissue. It is clear that appropriately designed in vitro tests will eventually give more useful mechanistic information about ocular injury from which we can more comfortably predict the risk of human eye irritation from new products and ingredients. Images Figure 1 Figure 2

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ff74f7d65b364fc8e76237acf4915862Test
https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.98106485Test

المؤلفون: Eskes, C., Bessou, S., Bruner, L., Curren, R., Harbell, J., Jones, P., Kreiling, R., Liebsch, M., McNamee, P., Pape, W., Prinsen, M.K., Seidle, T., Vanparys, P., Worth, A., Zuang, V.

المساهمون: TNO Kwaliteit van Leven

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cosmetics, Eye, isolated rabbit eye test, Oryctolagus cuniculus, cornea epithelium, Eye Injuries, sensor, chorioallantoic membrane vascular assay, cosmetic, methodology, priority journal, cornea opacity, Irritants, cytotoxicity, Rabbits, enucleation, eye irritation, safety, conjunctiva, Cell Survival, trypan blue, rabbit, review, Animal Testing Alternatives, Bovinae, in vivo study, chorioallantois, Structure-Activity Relationship, toxicity testing, Toxicity Tests, chicken enucleated eye test, Animals, Humans, Animalia, European Union, temperature dependence, Biology, standardization, model, nonhuman, humidity, scoring system, cornea permeability, animal testing alternative, bovine corneal opacity and permeability assay, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, validation process, Consumer Product Safety, cornea injury, cell function, Cattle, hemolysis

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=narcis______::10dc58cfe2986d429de328ba0be38288Test
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a4b145a6-1357-4ecb-83cf-ebb9cffb167eTest