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المؤلفون: Xinyu Li, Machiel Mulder
المصدر: Applied Energy, 304:117863. ELSEVIER SCI LTD
مصطلحات موضوعية: Energy carrier, Power to gas, Natural resource economics, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Partial equilibrium, Building and Construction, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Renewable energy, General Energy, Greenhouse gas, Business, Electricity, Volatility (finance), Fixed cost
الوصف: This paper analyzes the economic potential of Power-to-Gas (PtG) as a source of flexibility in electricity markets with both high shares of renewables and high external demand for hydrogen. The contribution of this paper is that it develops and applies a short-term (hourly) partial equilibrium model of integrated electricity and hydrogen markets, including markets for green certificates, while using a welfare-economic framework to assess the market outcomes. We find that strongly increasing the share of renewable electricity makes electricity prices much more volatile, while the presence of PtG reduces this price volatility. However, a large demand for hydrogen from outside the electricity sector reduces the impact of PtG on the volatility of electricity prices. In a scenario with a high external hydrogen demand, PtG can deliver positive benefits for some groups as it can provide hydrogen at lower costs than Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) during hours when electricity prices are low, but these positive welfare effects are outweighed by the fixed costs of PtG assets plus the costs of replacing a less expensive energy carrier (natural gas) with a more expensive one (hydrogen). Investments in PtG are profitable from a social-welfare perspective when the induced reduction in carbon emissions is valued at 150–750 euro/ton. Hence, at lower carbon prices, PtG can only become a valuable provider of flexibility when installation costs are significantly reduced and conversion efficiencies of electrolysers increased.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::b02745e637c09d763359dbdf9b523196Test
https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/d44e7fa0-fbed-41f5-bebc-c3ecdadad479Test -
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المؤلفون: Ehsan Shafiei, Akihiro Watabe, Hiroyuki Ishida, Jonathan Leaver
المصدر: Energy Policy. 130:227-242
مصطلحات موضوعية: Carbon tax, Natural resource economics, business.industry, 020209 energy, Natural gas vehicle, Partial equilibrium, Fossil fuel, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Hydrogen vehicle, Renewable energy, General Energy, Greenhouse gas, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Energy supply, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
الوصف: This paper examines transitioning to low carbon vehicles such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), and natural gas vehicles (NGVs) for curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Japan. Infrastructure development for fuel charging stations for BEVs, FCVs and NGVs and the carbon tax are evaluated as policy measures to promote these vehicle fleets as well as the reduction in the life cycle GHG emissions. Our analysis uses the newly developed Japanese multi-regional partial equilibrium system dynamics model UniSyD_JP. The energy supply sector consists of fossil fuels, nuclear energy, renewable energy and hydrogen and the nation's energy demand is projected by the expected population growth and the GDP outlook. The energy demand for the transport sector is endogenously determined by a consumer's vehicle choice characterized by the multinomial logit model. We examine five scenarios for different mixes of infrastructure development, carbon tax and projected oil price. The transition paths to a low carbon vehicle fleet are explored for the period of 2016–2060. We found that infrastructure development increases the penetration of FCVs and NGVs, but it will not reduce the life cycle GHG emissions. Significant emissions reduction requires both infrastructure development and high carbon taxes.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::1bab88f06a9619b2ef24591470ab2780Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.03.057Test -
3
المؤلفون: Bob van der Zwaan, Santiago Arango-Aramburo, Germán D. Romero-Otalora, Mohamad Hejazi, Kathryn Daenzer, Andrés C. Álvarez-Espinosa, Tom Kober, Sean W. D. Turner, Juan Pablo Ríos-Ocampo
المساهمون: Sustainable Chemistry Energy (HIMS, FNWI)
المصدر: Energy Policy, 128, 179-188. Elsevier
Energy Policy, 128, 179-188مصطلحات موضوعية: Mains electricity, General equilibrium theory, Hydropower generation, Energy Efficiency, Natural resource economics, 020209 energy, Energy / Geological Survey Netherlands, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Energy-water nexus, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electricity supply, Hydropower, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Wind power, Water-energy nexus, business.industry, Partial equilibrium, Energy modeling, General Energy, Environmental science, business
الوصف: Climate change is likely to affect water availability and therefore hydropower generation in many regions of the world. In drying regions, hydropower generation may be impaired, creating a need for new power investments that would otherwise have been unnecessary. In this study we apply two partial equilibrium models (GCAM and TIAM-ECN) and two general equilibrium models (MEG4C and Phoenix) to identify possible pathways of power sector adaptation for Colombia under climate change. We adopt two GCM projections that deteriorate hydropower generation over the next three decades, and simulate each for two radiative forcing scenarios (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5). Relative to Colombia's projected power demand growth over the coming decades, losses in hydropower generation are marginal. Nonetheless, climate-driven losses in hydropower must be compensated by alternative technologies´expansion, which vary significantly across models. When climate policy is implemented (RCP4.5), three distinct expansion pathways emerge: increased solar and wind energy (TIAM-ECN); significant power demand reductions (Phoenix and MEG4C); and increased fossil resources with carbon dioxide capture and storage (GCAM). We show the need to explore the tradeoffs/synergies among alternative expansion pathways and their potential impacts on other sectors (e.g. water and land), and for effective policies to incentivize their adoption in Colombia.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d6719d2e7405c24396692089ec95d1edTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.12.057Test -
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المؤلفون: Athanasios Dagoumas, Nikolaos E. Koltsaklis
المصدر: Applied Energy. 242:1573-1587
مصطلحات موضوعية: General equilibrium theory, business.industry, Computer science, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Partial equilibrium, Power capacity, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Energy sector, Renewable energy, General Energy, 020401 chemical engineering, Risk analysis (engineering), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Sustainable planning, 0204 chemical engineering, business
الوصف: The Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) stands as one as one of the most discussed topics within the academia and decision makers in the energy sector, especially related to meeting deep emission reduction targets. Every country, aiming at decarbonizing its economy, focuses on the application of policies that could enhance the penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in its power capacity mix. GEP is a complex task, combining techno-economic, financial, spatial and environmental characteristics. Several models are developed to model GEP, applying different methodological approaches. The underlying theory is very important as it might inherit bias in the resulted outcomes. The debate on the appropriateness of each methodology is increased, especially as projected outlooks deviate from reality. The paper aims to provide a review of the models employed to integrate RES in the GEP. The paper classifies models in three generic categories: optimisation models, general/partial equilibrium models and alternative models, not adopting the optimum integration of RES in the GEP. It provides insights on the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the theoretical approaches implemented, as well on their suitability for different aspects of the problem, contributing in the better understanding on the expected outcomes of each methodology.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::ee835efc56e82d93ada12f6caf51dd5fTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.194Test -
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المساهمون: IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Pôle ELSA, Environmental Life Cycle and Sustainability Assessment (ELSA), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Technische Universität Berlin (TU)
المصدر: Applied Energy
Applied Energy, Elsevier, 2019, 239, pp.316-330. ⟨10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.186⟩مصطلحات موضوعية: P06 - Sources d'énergie renouvelable, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, climate change mitigation, 11. Sustainability, Biogenic carbon, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Life-cycle assessment, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Renewable energy, séquestration du carbone, time-dynamic life cycle assessment, General Energy, réduction des émissions, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Time-dynamic LCA, Modèle mathématique, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, 020209 energy, Transport, Climate change, Context (language use), gestion des ressources naturelles, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 020401 chemical engineering, 0204 chemical engineering, Changement climatique, biogenic carbon from renewable resources, Impact assessment, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Environmental engineering, Building and Construction, 15. Life on land, Climate change mitigation, partial-equilibrium model, Carbon neutrality, transport sector, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Bioénergie, Environmental science, business
الوصف: International audience; Bioenergy systems are promoted in an effort to mitigate climate change, and policies are defined accordingly to be implemented in the coming decades. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is used to assess the environmental performance of bioenergy systems, yet subject to the limitations of static approaches. In classical LCA, no temporal differentiation is undertaken: all inventoried instant to long-term greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) are aggregated and characterised in the same way, over a fixed time horizon, by means of fixed characterisation factors. Positive and negative impact contributions of dynamic biogenic carbon (Cbio) sum up to zero, yielding the same result as carbon neutral estimates. Climate mitigation results are biased without the temporal consideration of these flows. The purpose of the study is to highlight the time-sensitive potential climatic consequences of policy-driven transport strategies for metropolitan France, in the specific context of the dynamic LCA framework and climate change mitigation. We therefore propose a dynamic approach coupling a partial-equilibrium model (PEM) with dynamic Cbio models. The PEM analyses in detail the techno-economic performance of the metropolitan French energy-transport sector. It explores prospective optimization options (supply-demand equilibrium) of emerging commodity and energy process pathways in response to a policy in question. The Cbio model generates dynamic inventories of the Cbio embedded in the primary renewable biomass outputs of the PEM. It captures the dynamic Cbio exchange flows between the atmosphere and the technosphere over time: negative emissions from fixation (sequestration) and positive emissions from release (e.g. combustion or decay). A dynamic impact method is applied to evaluate the mitigation effects of Cbio from forest wood residues by comparing the climate change impacts from complete carbon (fossil + biogenic) with carbon neutral inventories across scenarios. Two sets of results are computed concerning the overall transport (all emissions) and bioethanol (wood-to-fuel emissions) systems. The mitigation effect from long-term historic sequestration allocated to bioethanol (462%) is significantly larger than for transport (3%), expressed as the difference with carbon neutral estimates. The fossil-sourced emissions from bioethanol production represents only 5.4%. In contrast, a comparison with an alternative reference scenario involving wood decay demonstrated higher impacts (i.e. an increase of 316%) than carbon neutral estimates. The representation of the actual climatic consequences depends on the chosen fixed end-year of the dynamic impact assessment. Moreover, the mitigation effect is proven sensitive to the rotation length of forestry wood: the shorter the length the lower the mitigation from using renewable forest resources. Other energy-policy scenarios, Cbio modelling approaches and consequences of indirect effects should be further studied and contrasted.
وصف الملف: text
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::1f5b5bc05ab3299c7b6a14ccf7868cbcTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.186Test -
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المؤلفون: Frederic H. Murphy, David Wogan, Axel Pierru
المصدر: Energy Policy. 127:452-463
مصطلحات موضوعية: Natural resource economics, business.industry, 020209 energy, Partial equilibrium, Subsidy, 02 engineering and technology, Interconnector, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, General Energy, Electricity generation, Regional integration, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electricity, Economic impact analysis, Mixed complementarity problem, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
الوصف: We investigate the economic impacts of policies for coordinating electricity production in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) through electricity trade. The GCC countries have installed a network of high-voltage transmission lines that links Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. The Interconnector has successfully provided reliability services but has not yet realized its full potential as a platform to fully integrate the individual electricity systems. We perform a static analysis of 2015 using a partial equilibrium model with detailed power generation and water production sectors for each country. We calculate economic losses and gains for each country and in aggregate before and after coordination through electricity trade. We first assess the potential gains from coordination subject to the existing national policies for fuel subsidies. We then consider coordination when fuel inputs are not subsidized. Finally, we devise a scenario that aims to retain the benefits of coordination without removing fuel subsidies. Our results indicate that subsidy removal is necessary for each country to gain from electricity trade. Removing fuel subsidies provides the bulk of economic gains: $42.6 billion. Utilizing the Interconnector further increases annual gains by $1.1 billion.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::e2892f8f9a5ee86eff254b9c421fcfd9Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.11.046Test -
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المؤلفون: Mashekwa Maboshe, Grieve Chelwa, Akabondo Kabechani
المصدر: Energy Policy. 126:108-117
مصطلحات موضوعية: Extreme poverty, Labour economics, Poverty, business.industry, Electricity price, 020209 energy, media_common.quotation_subject, Partial equilibrium, Distribution (economics), Subsidy, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, General Energy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, Electricity, business, Welfare, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
الوصف: This paper simulates the real household expenditure effects of large electricity price increases in Zambia. First, we find that electricity subsidies are highly regressive. The richest household quintile receives over 60% of the subsidies, while the poorest quintile receives less than 1%. Second, our partial equilibrium simulations of the welfare effects of a 75% electricity price increase show that the poorest households would experience a 3 times larger percentage loss in real expenditure compared to the wealthiest households. Naturally, these adverse effects lead to an increase in poverty. However, we find that transferring the fiscal savings realised from the complete elimination of electricity subsidies to the poor reduces extreme poverty significantly. This budget-neutral strategy is particularly attractive for Zambia, and other sub-Saharan economies currently battling the twin challenges of widening budget deficits and high extreme poverty.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::c21ef981fff07b71a3ded4218b798b02Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.10.041Test -
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المؤلفون: Bao-Jun Tang, Xiang-Yu Wang, Yi-Ming Wei
المصدر: Applied Energy. :554-564
مصطلحات موضوعية: Marginal cost, Carbon tax, Cost–benefit analysis, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Partial equilibrium, Social Welfare, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Microeconomics, General Energy, 020401 chemical engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, 0204 chemical engineering, Enforcement, Inefficiency, Stock (geology)
الوصف: Weitzman's price-quantity analysis framework has been widely used, and in the field of climate economy it is applied to choose proper emissions reduction instruments for best welfare under uncertainty. This article summarizes the principle and method of selecting carbon emission reduction instruments by price versus quantities decision criterion. The probability of uncontrollable outcomes under uncertainty is reduced by comparing marginal abatement costs with marginal abatement benefits. On this basis, the following outreach research are summarized on some key issues such as dynamic analysis, assumptions improvements, elements expansion and hybrid policies. This topic drives a lot of research but no review has been conducted. We sum up the time-correlated cost and multi-period policy research to extend the static framework to dynamic analysis. There are also many studies that relax the strong assumptions of original framework including correlated uncertainty between cost and benefit, stock effect of carbon, nonlinear marginal cost and benefit, distributional inefficiency and extension of partial equilibrium. In addition, more elements around emissions control have been included and specified such as uncertainty, incomplete enforcement, technology innovation and multiple pollutants. We also summarize the researches of hybrid policy which combines quantity and price control to be a new regulation method and dual regulation which suggest applying both quantity and price control in different departments. It is found that early researches favor carbon tax while quantity regulation has gradually become popular. Finally, this article puts forward some research directions worth more exploring at both theory and application level.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::555533c2929c3ba2ab0ac82f8a124cdeTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.10.018Test -
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المؤلفون: Shin Lee
المصدر: Energy Policy. 121:264-274
مصطلحات موضوعية: Demand management, General Energy, 020209 energy, Partial equilibrium, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Developing country, 02 engineering and technology, Business, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Environmental economics, Road traffic, Policy effectiveness
الوصف: We consider the implications of highway expansion and travel demand management policies for road traffic emissions. We examine the extent to which induced traffic and travel can partly erode the benefit of emission reduction arising from capacity expansion, and compare the results with corresponding values for user benefits. We then consider the effect on emission profiles over time of congestion charging which attempts to reduce travel demand in the peak period. Using a simplified partial equilibrium simulation model over a twenty five year period we contrast the situations in developed and developing countries where the emission profiles may take very distinct forms. We show that, due to the alignment of 'volume' effects and 'speed' effects, the benefit of emission reduction associated with capacity expansion policies may be severely compromised by induced traffic, and exceeds that of user benefits. We confirm that demand management policies which internalise the costs of congestion can be effective in containing or reducing emissions over the simulation period, and in ameliorating the effects of induced traffic that accompany capacity expansion. We establish multiplier relationships between the reduction of emissions and the quantity of demand priced off or otherwise restrained from use of a road, and examine for different traffic growth rates the implication for effectiveness of demand-based policies.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::b1ce275d89e4dc573a4cf6d36dc3e643Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.06.035Test -
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المؤلفون: David I. Stern, Stephan B. Bruns, Alessio Moneta
مصطلحات موضوعية: Computable general equilibrium, Economics and Econometrics, Q43, 020209 energy, Impulse response functions, 02 engineering and technology, Rebound effect (conservation), Independent component analysis, Energy efficiency, Rebound effect, Structural VAR, Impulse response functions, Independent component analysis, 0502 economics and business, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Econometrics, Rebound effect, 050207 economics, C32, Mathematics, Partial equilibrium, 05 social sciences, Shock (economics), General Energy, Energy efficiency, Autoregressive model, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Structural VAR, Energy (signal processing), Efficient energy use
الوصف: The size of the economy-wide rebound effect is crucial for estimating the contribution that energy efficiency improvements can make to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and for understanding the drivers of energy use. Existing estimates, which vary widely, are based on computable general equilibrium models or partial equilibrium econometric estimates. Using a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) model, we identify the dynamic causal impact of structural shocks, including an energy efficiency shock. The identification method is based on independent component analysis. In this manner, we are able to estimate the rebound effect with a minimum of a priori assumptions. We apply the SVAR to U.S. monthly and quarterly data, finding that after four years rebound is around 100%, which implies that in the long run no energy is saved. ? 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::bdf084c3811f6aa5ccfab90a567d6d6aTest
http://hdl.handle.net/11382/537322Test
