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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Tim Birr, Tolke Jensen, Nils Preußke, Frank D. Sönnichsen, Marthe De Boevre, Sarah De Saeger, Mario Hasler, Joseph-Alexander Verreet, Holger Klink
المصدر: Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 2, p 110 (2021)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Fusarium, forage maize, modified mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, Medicine
الوصف: Forage maize is often infected by mycotoxin-producing Fusarium fungi during plant growth, which represent a serious health risk to exposed animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are among the most important Fusarium mycotoxins, but little is known about the occurrence of their modified forms in forage maize. To assess the mycotoxin contamination in Northern Germany, 120 natural contaminated forage maize samples of four cultivars from several locations were analysed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for DON and ZEN and their modified forms deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON3G), the sum of 3- and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3+15-AcDON), α- and β-zearalenol (α-ZEL, β-ZEL). DON and ZEN occurred with high incidences (100 and 96%) and a wide range of concentrations, reaching levels up to 10,972 and 3910 µg/kg, respectively. Almost half of the samples (46%) exceeded the guidance value in complementary and complete feeding stuffs for ZEN (500 µg/kg), and 9% for DON (5000 µg/kg). The DON related mycotoxins DON3G and 3+15-AcDON were also present in almost all samples (100 and 97%) with amounts of up to 3038 and 2237 µg/kg and a wide range of concentrations. For the ZEN metabolites α- and β-ZEL lower incidences were detected (59 and 32%) with concentrations of up to 423 and 203 µg/kg, respectively. Forage maize samples were contaminated with at least three co-occurring mycotoxins, whereby 95% of all samples contained four or more mycotoxins with DON, DON3G, 3+15-AcDON, and ZEN co-occurring in 93%, together with α-ZEL in 57% of all samples. Positive correlations were established between concentrations of the co-occurring mycotoxins, especially between DON and its modified forms. Averaged over all samples, ratios of DON3G/DON and 3+15-AcDON/DON were similar, 20.2 and 20.5 mol%; cultivar-specific mean ratios ranged from 14.6 to 24.3 mol% and 15.8 to 24.0 mol%, respectively. In total, 40.7 mol% of the measured DON concentration was present in the modified forms DON3G and 3+15-AcDON. The α-ZEL/ZEN ratio was 6.2 mol%, ranging from 5.2 to 8.6 mol% between cultivars. These results demonstrate that modified mycotoxins contribute substantially to the overall mycotoxin contamination in forage maize. To avoid a considerable underestimation, it is necessary to analyse modified mycotoxins in future mycotoxin monitoring programs together with their parent forms.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Tolke Jensen, Marthe de Boevre, Nils Preußke, Sarah de Saeger, Tim Birr, Joseph-Alexander Verreet, Frank D. Sönnichsen
المصدر: Toxins, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 531 (2019)
مصطلحات موضوعية: Fusarium, validation, forage maize, maize silage, LC-HRMS, OrbitrapTM, Medicine
الوصف: The selective and sensitive analysis of mycotoxins in highly complex feed matrices is a great challenge. In this study, the suitability of OrbitrapTM-based high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for routine mycotoxin analysis in complex feeds was demonstrated by the successful validation of a full MS/data-dependent MS/MS acquisition method for the quantitative determination of eight Fusarium mycotoxins in forage maize and maize silage according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The required resolving power for accurate mass assignments (A), intra-day precision (RSDr), and inter-day precision (RSDR) of measurements were in the range of 94 to 108%, 2 to 16%, and 2 to 12%, whereas the decision limit (CCα) and the detection capability (CCβ) varied from 11 to 88 µg/kg and 20 to 141 µg/kg, respectively. A set of naturally contaminated forage maize and maize silage samples collected in northern Germany in 2017 was analyzed to confirm the applicability of the HRMS method to real samples. At least four Fusarium mycotoxins were quantified in each sample, highlighting the frequent co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed.
وصف الملف: electronic resource
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3
المؤلفون: Joseph-Alexander Verreet, Mario Hasler, Holger Klink, Frank D. Sönnichsen, Tim Birr, Tolke Jensen, Nils Preußke, Marthe De Boevre, Sarah De Saeger
المصدر: Toxins, Vol 13, Iss 110, p 110 (2021)
TOXINS
Toxins
Volume 13
Issue 2مصطلحات موضوعية: Agriculture and Food Sciences, Fusarium, Plant growth, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, deoxynivalenol, lcsh:Medicine, Forage, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Animal science, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, Cultivar, Health risk, Mycotoxin, Zearalenone, modified mycotoxins, α, forage maize, biology, zearalenone, 010401 analytical chemistry, lcsh:R, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, zearalenol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, α-zearalenol, cultivar
الوصف: Forage maize is often infected by mycotoxin-producing Fusarium fungi during plant growth, which represent a serious health risk to exposed animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are among the most important Fusarium mycotoxins, but little is known about the occurrence of their modified forms in forage maize. To assess the mycotoxin contamination in Northern Germany, 120 natural contaminated forage maize samples of four cultivars from several locations were analysed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for DON and ZEN and their modified forms deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON3G), the sum of 3- and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3+15-AcDON), α- and β-zearalenol (α-ZEL, β-ZEL). DON and ZEN occurred with high incidences (100 and 96%) and a wide range of concentrations, reaching levels up to 10,972 and 3910 µg/kg, respectively. Almost half of the samples (46%) exceeded the guidance value in complementary and complete feeding stuffs for ZEN (500 µg/kg), and 9% for DON (5000 µg/kg). The DON related mycotoxins DON3G and 3+15-AcDON were also present in almost all samples (100 and 97%) with amounts of up to 3038 and 2237 µg/kg and a wide range of concentrations. For the ZEN metabolites α- and β-ZEL lower incidences were detected (59 and 32%) with concentrations of up to 423 and 203 µg/kg, respectively. Forage maize samples were contaminated with at least three co-occurring mycotoxins, whereby 95% of all samples contained four or more mycotoxins with DON, DON3G, 3+15-AcDON, and ZEN co-occurring in 93%, together with α-ZEL in 57% of all samples. Positive correlations were established between concentrations of the co-occurring mycotoxins, especially between DON and its modified forms. Averaged over all samples, ratios of DON3G/DON and 3+15-AcDON/DON were similar, 20.2 and 20.5 mol%
cultivar-specific mean ratios ranged from 14.6 to 24.3 mol% and 15.8 to 24.0 mol%, respectively. In total, 40.7 mol% of the measured DON concentration was present in the modified forms DON3G and 3+15-AcDON. The α-ZEL/ZEN ratio was 6.2 mol%, ranging from 5.2 to 8.6 mol% between cultivars. These results demonstrate that modified mycotoxins contribute substantially to the overall mycotoxin contamination in forage maize. To avoid a considerable underestimation, it is necessary to analyse modified mycotoxins in future mycotoxin monitoring programs together with their parent forms.وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::53a636cf8b9e7e69e6b44e8c3e07cd64Test
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/2/110Test -
4
المؤلفون: Tim, Birr, Tolke, Jensen, Nils, Preußke, Frank D, Sönnichsen, Marthe, De Boevre, Sarah, De Saeger, Mario, Hasler, Joseph-Alexander, Verreet, Holger, Klink
المصدر: Toxins
مصطلحات موضوعية: modified mycotoxins, forage maize, zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, Animal Feed, Risk Assessment, Zea mays, Mass Spectrometry, Article, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, Fusarium, Glucosides, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, Germany, Food Microbiology, Zeranol, 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, α-zearalenol, Trichothecenes, Biotransformation, Chromatography, Liquid, cultivar
الوصف: Forage maize is often infected by mycotoxin-producing Fusarium fungi during plant growth, which represent a serious health risk to exposed animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are among the most important Fusarium mycotoxins, but little is known about the occurrence of their modified forms in forage maize. To assess the mycotoxin contamination in Northern Germany, 120 natural contaminated forage maize samples of four cultivars from several locations were analysed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for DON and ZEN and their modified forms deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON3G), the sum of 3- and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3+15-AcDON), α- and β-zearalenol (α-ZEL, β-ZEL). DON and ZEN occurred with high incidences (100 and 96%) and a wide range of concentrations, reaching levels up to 10,972 and 3910 µg/kg, respectively. Almost half of the samples (46%) exceeded the guidance value in complementary and complete feeding stuffs for ZEN (500 µg/kg), and 9% for DON (5000 µg/kg). The DON related mycotoxins DON3G and 3+15-AcDON were also present in almost all samples (100 and 97%) with amounts of up to 3038 and 2237 µg/kg and a wide range of concentrations. For the ZEN metabolites α- and β-ZEL lower incidences were detected (59 and 32%) with concentrations of up to 423 and 203 µg/kg, respectively. Forage maize samples were contaminated with at least three co-occurring mycotoxins, whereby 95% of all samples contained four or more mycotoxins with DON, DON3G, 3+15-AcDON, and ZEN co-occurring in 93%, together with α-ZEL in 57% of all samples. Positive correlations were established between concentrations of the co-occurring mycotoxins, especially between DON and its modified forms. Averaged over all samples, ratios of DON3G/DON and 3+15-AcDON/DON were similar, 20.2 and 20.5 mol%; cultivar-specific mean ratios ranged from 14.6 to 24.3 mol% and 15.8 to 24.0 mol%, respectively. In total, 40.7 mol% of the measured DON concentration was present in the modified forms DON3G and 3+15-AcDON. The α-ZEL/ZEN ratio was 6.2 mol%, ranging from 5.2 to 8.6 mol% between cultivars. These results demonstrate that modified mycotoxins contribute substantially to the overall mycotoxin contamination in forage maize. To avoid a considerable underestimation, it is necessary to analyse modified mycotoxins in future mycotoxin monitoring programs together with their parent forms.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=pmid________::4f48db6a4a74e9b9b2d7e8065243149fTest
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33540691Test -
5
المؤلفون: Nils Preußke, Sarah De Saeger, Marthe De Boevre, Tim Birr, Joseph-Alexander Verreet, Tolke Jensen, Frank D. Sönnichsen
المصدر: TOXINS
Toxins
Volume 11
Issue 9
Toxins, Vol 11, Iss 9, p 531 (2019)مصطلحات موضوعية: LC-HRMS, ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, lcsh:Medicine, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, METABOLITES, Mass Spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fusarium, MULTIPLE, Mathematics, validation, Silage, forage maize, biology, Orbitrap (TM), article, OrbitrapTM, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 040401 food science, LC-MS/MS METHOD, Chemistry, ddc:540, PESTICIDE-RESIDUES, CHROMATOGRAPHY, Food Contamination, Forage, Mass spectrometry, FUSARIUM TOXINS, Zea mays, Article, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, RESOLVING POWER, Mycotoxin, ddc:5, Orbitraptm, Chromatography, Pesticide residue, MYCOTOXINS, 010401 analytical chemistry, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Mycotoxins, PERFORMANCE, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Quantitative analysis (chemistry), maize silage, Decision limit, Chromatography, Liquid
الوصف: The selective and sensitive analysis of mycotoxins in highly complex feed matrices is a great challenge. In this study, the suitability of OrbitrapTM-based high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) for routine mycotoxin analysis in complex feeds was demonstrated by the successful validation of a full MS/data-dependent MS/MS acquisition method for the quantitative determination of eight Fusarium mycotoxins in forage maize and maize silage according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The required resolving power for accurate mass assignments (<
5 ppm) was determined as 35,000 full width at half maximum (FWHM) and 70,000 FWHM for forage maize and maize silage, respectively. The recovery (RA), intra-day precision (RSDr), and inter-day precision (RSDR) of measurements were in the range of 94 to 108%, 2 to 16%, and 2 to 12%, whereas the decision limit (CC&alpha
) and the detection capability (CC&beta
) varied from 11 to 88 µ
g/kg and 20 to 141 µ
g/kg, respectively. A set of naturally contaminated forage maize and maize silage samples collected in northern Germany in 2017 was analyzed to confirm the applicability of the HRMS method to real samples. At least four Fusarium mycotoxins were quantified in each sample, highlighting the frequent co-occurrence of mycotoxins in feed.وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::02fef6a6e4cae22da1c586e694a6991bTest
https://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8646519Test