المؤلفون: Trasande, Leonardo, Nelson, Morgan E, Alshawabkeh, Akram, Barrett, Emily S, Buckley, Jessie P, Dabelea, Dana, Dunlop, Anne L, Herbstman, Julie B, Meeker, John D, Naidu, Mrudula, Newschaffer, Craig, Padula, Amy M, Romano, Megan E, Ruden, Douglas M, Sathyanarayana, Sheela, Schantz, Susan L, Starling, Anne P, Etzel, Taylor, Hamra, Ghassan B, Program, on behalf of collaborators in the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes

مصطلحات موضوعية: Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Pediatric, Infant Mortality, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Clinical Research, Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods, Reproductive health and childbirth, Pregnancy, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, United States, Parabens, Birth Weight, Phenol, Premature Birth, Phenols, Benzophenones, Chlorophenols, collaborators in the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program, Environmental Sciences

الوصف: BackgroundSynthetic chemicals are increasingly being recognized for potential independent contributions to preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW). Bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan are consumer product chemicals that act via similar mechanisms including estrogen, androgen, and thyroid disruption and oxidative stress. Multiple cohort studies have endeavored to examine effects on birth outcomes, and systematic reviews have been limited due to measurement of 1-2 spot samples during pregnancy and limited diversity of populations.ObjectiveTo study the effects of prenatal phenols and parabens on birth size and gestational age (GA) in 3,619 mother-infant pairs from 11 cohorts in the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes program.ResultsWhile many associations were modest and statistically imprecise, a 1-unit increase in log10 pregnancy averaged concentration of benzophenone-3 and methylparaben were associated with decreases in birthweight, birthweight adjusted for gestational age and SGA. Increases in the odds of being SGA were 29% (95% CI: 5%, 58%) and 32% (95% CI: 3%, 70%), respectively. Bisphenol S in third trimester was also associated with SGA (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.08, 2.13). Associations of benzophenone-3 and methylparaben with PTB and LBW were null. In addition, a 1-unit increase in log10 pregnancy averaged concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenol was associated with 43% lower (95% CI: -67%, -2%) odds of low birthweight; the direction of effect was the same for the highly correlated 2,5-dichlorophenol, but with a smaller magnitude (-29%, 95% CI: -53%, 8%).DiscussionIn a large and diverse sample generally representative of the United States, benzophenone-3 and methylparaben were associated with lower birthweight as well as birthweight adjusted for gestational age and higher odds of SGA, while 2,4-dichlorophenol. These associations with smaller size at birth are concerning in light of the known consequences of intrauterine growth restriction for multiple important health outcomes emerging later in life.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/37r790xqTest
https://escholarship.org/content/qt37r790xq/qt37r790xq.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Cathey, Amber L, Nguyen, Vy K, Colacino, Justin A, Woodruff, Tracey J, Reynolds, Peggy, Aung, Max T

المصدر: Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 33(5)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Public Health, Health Sciences, Cancer, Endocrine Disruptors, Breast Cancer, Rare Diseases, Women's Health, Ovarian Cancer, Health Disparities, Social Determinants of Health, Minority Health, Male, Humans, Female, Phenols, Parabens, Nutrition Surveys, Cross-Sectional Studies, Breast Neoplasms, Melanoma, Ovarian Neoplasms, Biomarkers, Fluorocarbons, Environmental Pollutants, Chemical Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Epidemiology, Public health

الوصف: BackgroundSome hormonally active cancers have low survival rates, but a large proportion of their incidence remains unexplained. Endocrine disrupting chemicals may affect hormone pathways in the pathology of these cancers.ObjectiveTo evaluate cross-sectional associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), phenols, and parabens and self-reported previous cancer diagnoses in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsWe extracted concentrations of 7 PFAS and 12 phenols/parabens and self-reported diagnoses of melanoma and cancers of the thyroid, breast, ovary, uterus, and prostate in men and women (≥20 years). Associations between previous cancer diagnoses and an interquartile range increase in exposure biomarkers were evaluated using logistic regression models adjusted for key covariates. We conceptualized race as social construct proxy of structural social factors and examined associations in non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, and other Hispanic participants separately compared to White participants.ResultsPrevious melanoma in women was associated with higher PFDE (OR:2.07, 95% CI: 1.25, 3.43), PFNA (OR:1.72, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.73), PFUA (OR:1.76, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.89), BP3 (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.96), DCP25 (OR: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.22, 4.76), and DCP24 (OR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.05, 3.26). Previous ovarian cancer was associated with higher DCP25 (OR: 2.80, 95% CI: 1.08, 7.27), BPA (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.35) and BP3 (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.09). Previous uterine cancer was associated with increased PFNA (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.34), while higher ethyl paraben was inversely associated (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.85). Various PFAS were associated with previous ovarian and uterine cancers in White women, while MPAH or BPF was associated with previous breast cancer among non-White women.Impact statementBiomarkers across all exposure categories (phenols, parabens, and per- and poly- fluoroalkyl substances) were cross-sectionally associated with increased odds of previous melanoma diagnoses in women, and increased odds of previous ovarian cancer was associated with several phenols and parabens. Some associations differed by racial group, which is particularly impactful given the established racial disparities in distributions of exposure to these chemicals. This is the first epidemiological study to investigate exposure to phenols in relation to previous cancer diagnoses, and the first NHANES study to explore racial/ethnic disparities in associations between environmental phenol, paraben, and PFAS exposures and historical cancer diagnosis.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67j1c1mjTest
https://escholarship.org/content/qt67j1c1mj/qt67j1c1mj.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Buckley, Jessie P, Kuiper, Jordan R, Bennett, Deborah H, Barrett, Emily S, Bastain, Tracy, Breton, Carrie V, Chinthakindi, Sridhar, Dunlop, Anne L, Farzan, Shohreh F, Herbstman, Julie B, Karagas, Margaret R, Marsit, Carmen J, Meeker, John D, Morello-Frosch, Rachel, O’Connor, Thomas G, Romano, Megan E, Schantz, Susan, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Watkins, Deborah J, Zhu, Hongkai, Pellizzari, Edo D, Kannan, Kurunthachalam, Woodruff, Tracey J

المصدر: Environmental Science and Technology. 56(10)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Environmental Sciences, Pollution and Contamination, Health Sciences, Pediatric, Behavioral and Social Science, Clinical Research, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Good Health and Well Being, Child, Commerce, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Humans, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Phthalic Acids, Plasticizers, Pregnancy, Pregnant Women, United States, pregnancychild health, industrial chemical, pesticides, flame retardants, phthalates, bisphenols, parabens

الوصف: Prenatal chemical exposures can influence maternal and child health; however, few industrial chemicals are routinely biomonitored. We assessed an extensive panel of contemporary and emerging chemicals in 171 pregnant women across the United States (U.S.) and Puerto Rico in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program. We simultaneously measured urinary concentrations of 89 analytes (103 total chemicals representing 73 parent compounds) in nine chemical groups: bactericides, benzophenones, bisphenols, fungicides and herbicides, insecticides, organophosphate esters (OPEs), parabens, phthalates/alternative plasticizers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We estimated associations of creatinine-adjusted concentrations with sociodemographic and specimen characteristics. Among our diverse prenatal population (60% non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic), we detected 73 of 89 analytes in ≥1 participant and 36 in >50% of participants. Five analytes not currently included in the U.S. biomonitoring were detected in ≥90% of samples: benzophenone-1, thiamethoxam, mono-2-(propyl-6-carboxy-hexyl) phthalate, monocarboxy isooctyl phthalate, and monohydroxy-iso-decyl phthalate. Many analyte concentrations were higher among women of Hispanic ethnicity compared to those of non-Hispanic White women. Concentrations of certain chemicals decreased with the calendar year, whereas concentrations of their replacements increased. Our largest study to date identified widespread exposures to prevalent and understudied chemicals in a diverse sample of pregnant women in the U.S.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/07n738vzTest

المؤلفون: Berger, Kimberly, Hyland, Carly, Ames, Jennifer L, Mora, Ana M, Huen, Karen, Eskenazi, Brenda, Holland, Nina, Harley, Kim G

المصدر: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 18(4)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Public Health, Health Sciences, Prevention, Obesity, Clinical Research, Nutrition, Pediatric, Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods, Cardiovascular, Metabolic and endocrine, Stroke, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Bayes Theorem, Child, Child, Preschool, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Humans, Parabens, Phenols, Phthalic Acids, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, obesity, phthalates, parabens, phenols, endocrine disruptors, children’, s health, mixtures, Bayesian, children’s health, Toxicology

الوصف: Exposures to phthalates, parabens, and other phenols are often correlated due to their ubiquitous use in personal care products and plastics. Examining these compounds as a complex mixture may clarify inconsistent relationships between individual chemicals and childhood adiposity. Using data from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a longitudinal cohort of children in Salinas Valley, California (n = 309), we examined biomarkers of 11 phthalate metabolites and 9 phenols, including several parabens and bisphenol A, measured in maternal urine at two time points during pregnancy. We measured child height and weight at age five to calculate the body mass index (BMI) z-scores and overweight/obesity status. The association between prenatal urinary concentrations of biomarkers with the childhood BMI z-score and overweight/obesity status was analyzed using single-pollutant models and two mixture methods: Bayesian hierarchical modeling (BMH) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, monocarboxy-isononly phthalate (metabolites of diethyl phthalate and di-isodecyl phthalate, respectively), and propylparaben were consistently associated with an increased BMI z-score and overweight/obesity status across all modeling approaches. Higher prenatal exposures to the cumulative biomarker mixture also trended with greater childhood adiposity. These results, robust across two methods that control for co-pollutant confounding, suggest that prenatal exposure to certain phthalates and parabens may increase the risk for obesity in early childhood.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9tr360w0Test

المؤلفون: Shin, Hyeong-Moo, Oh, Jiwon, Kim, Kyunghoon, Busgang, Stefanie A, Barr, Dana Boyd, Panuwet, Parinya, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Bennett, Deborah H

المصدر: Environmental Science and Technology. 55(23)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Pollution and Contamination, Pregnancy, Women's Health, Biomarkers, Carbanilides, Female, Humans, Parabens, Phenols, Reproducibility of Results, biospecimens, exposure misclassification, pooling, reproducibility, sample type

الوصف: Urinary concentrations of phenols, parabens, and triclocarban have been extensively used as biomarkers of exposure. However, because these compounds are quickly metabolized and excreted in urine, characterizing participants' long-term average exposure from a few spot samples is challenging. To examine the variability of urinary concentrations of these compounds during pregnancy, we quantified four phenols, four parabens, and triclocarban in 357 first morning voids (FMVs) and 203 pooled samples collected during the second and third trimesters of 173 pregnancies. We computed intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) by the sample type (FMV and pool) across two trimesters and by the number of composite samples in pools, ranging from 2 to 4, within the same trimester. Among the three compounds detected in more than 50% of the samples, the ICCs across two trimesters were higher in pools (0.29-0.68) than in FMVs (0.17-0.52) and the highest ICC within the same trimester was observed when pooling either two or three composites. Methyl paraben and propyl paraben primarily exposed via cosmetic use had approximately 2-3 times higher ICCs than bisphenol A primarily exposed via diet. Our findings support that within-subject pooling of biospecimens can increase the reproducibility of pregnant women's exposure to these compounds and thus could potentially minimize exposure misclassification.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6x53d0wtTest
https://escholarship.org/content/qt6x53d0wt/qt6x53d0wt.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Kim, Kyunghoon, Shin, Hyeong-Moo, Busgang, Stefanie A, Barr, Dana Boyd, Panuwet, Parinya, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Bennett, Deborah H

المصدر: Environmental Science and Technology. 55(16)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Environmental Sciences, Pollution and Contamination, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Carbanilides, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Parabens, Phenol, Phenols, Pregnancy, Pregnant Women, bisphenols, geographic variations, personal care products, regulations, social forces, temporal changes

الوصف: Little is known about temporal trends of pregnant women's exposures to environmental phenols and parabens. We quantified four phenols [bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and triclosan), four parabens [butyl paraben, ethyl paraben (ETPB), methyl paraben (MEPB), and propyl paraben (PRPB)], and triclocarban in 760 urine samples collected during 2007-2014 from 218 California pregnant women participating in a high-familial risk autism spectrum disorder cohort. We applied multiple regression to compute least square geometric means of urinary concentrations and computed average annual percent changes. We compared our urinary concentrations with those of other study populations to examine geographic variations in pregnant women's exposure to these target compounds. Urinary concentrations of BPA, MEPB, ETPB, and PRPB in this study population decreased over the study period [percent change per year (95% confidence interval): -5.7% (-8.2%, -3.2%); -13.0% (-18.1%, -7.7%); -5.5% (-11.0%, 0.3%); and -13.3% (-18.3%, -8.1%), respectively] and were consistently lower than those in pregnant women in other U.S. regions during the same study period. In recent years, certain phenols and parabens with known adverse health effects are being regulated or replaced with alternatives, which explains decreased body burdens observed in this study population. Either the national regulations or the advocacy campaigns in California may have influenced exposures or consumer product choices.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9rg5f3jdTest

المؤلفون: Berger, Kimberly, Coker, Eric, Rauch, Stephen, Eskenazi, Brenda, Balmes, John, Kogut, Katie, Holland, Nina, Calafat, Antonia M, Harley, Kim

مصطلحات موضوعية: Epidemiology, Health Sciences, Prevention, Clinical Research, Lung, Endocrine Disruptors, Pediatric, Asthma, Women's Health, Aetiology, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Respiratory, Bayes Theorem, Child, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Parabens, Phenol, Phenols, Phthalic Acids, Pregnancy, Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression, Bayesian Profile Regression, Environmental Sciences

الوصف: BackgroundChemicals found in personal care products and plastics have been associated with asthma, allergies, and lung function, but methods to address real life exposure to mixtures of these chemicals have not been applied to these associations.MethodsWe quantified urinary concentrations of eleven phthalate metabolites, four parabens, and five other phenols in mothers twice during pregnancy and assessed probable asthma, aeroallergies, and lung function in their age seven children. We implemented Bayesian Profile Regression (BPR) to cluster women by their exposures to these chemicals and tested the clusters for differences in outcome measurements. We used Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR) to fit biomarkers into one model as joint independent variables.ResultsBPR clustered women into seven groups characterized by patterns of personal care product and plastic use, though there were no significant differences in outcomes across clusters. BKMR showed that monocarboxyisooctyl phthalate and 2,4-dichlorophenol were associated with probable asthma (predicted probability of probable asthma per IQR of biomarker z-score (standard deviation) = 0.08 (0.09) and 0.11 (0.12), respectively) and poorer lung function (predicted probability per IQR = -0.07 (0.05) and -0.07 (0.06), respectively), and that mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate and bisphenol A were associated with aeroallergies (predicted probability per IQR = 0.13 (0.09) and 0.11 (0.08), respectively). Several biomarkers demonstrated positive additive effects on other associations.ConclusionsBPR and BKMR are useful tools to evaluate associations of biomarker concentrations within a mixture of exposure and should supplement single-chemical regression models when data allow.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17h455spTest
https://escholarship.org/content/qt17h455sp/qt17h455sp.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Barkoski, Jacqueline M, Busgang, Stefanie A, Bixby, Moira, Bennett, Deborah, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Barr, Dana Boyd, Panuwet, Parinya, Gennings, Chris, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva

المصدر: Environmental Research. 179(Pt A)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Brain Disorders, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Prevention, Neurosciences, Mental Health, Pediatric Research Initiative, Autism, Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD), Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Reproductive health and childbirth, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autistic Disorder, Biomarkers, Calcium Carbonate, Child, Child, Preschool, Chromatography, Liquid, Cohort Studies, Environmental Exposure, Female, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Humans, Male, Parabens, Phenol, Phenols, Pregnancy, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Vitamins, Epidemiology, Cohort study, Toxicology, Biological sciences, Chemical sciences, Environmental sciences

الوصف: BackgroundEnvironmental phenols and parabens are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with the potential to affect child neurodevelopment including autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Our aim was to assess whether exposure to environmental phenols and parabens during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of clinical ASD or other nontypical development (non-TD).MethodsThis study included mother-child pairs (N = 207) from the Markers of Autism Risks in Babies - Learning Early Signs (MARBLES) Cohort Study with urinary phenol and paraben metabolites analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) from repeated pregnancy urine samples. Because family recurrence risks in siblings are about 20%, MARBLES enrolls pregnant women who already had a child with ASD. Children were clinically assessed at 3 years of age and classified into 3 outcome categories: ASD, non-TD, or typically developing (TD). Single analyte analyses were conducted with trinomial logistic regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression was used to test for mixture effects.ResultsRegression models were adjusted for pre-pregnancy body mass index, prenatal vitamin use (yes/no), homeowner status (yes/no), birth year, and child's sex. In single chemical analyses phenol exposures were not significantly associated with child's diagnosis. Mixture analyses using trinomial WQS regression showed a significantly increased risk of non-TD compared to TD (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.04) with overall greater prenatal phenol and paraben metabolites mixture. Results for ASD also showed an increased risk, but it was not significant.DiscussionThis is the first study to provide evidence that pregnancy environmental phenol exposures may increase the risk for non-TD in a high-risk population.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4531f6jxTest

المؤلفون: Berger, Kimberly P, Kogut, Katherine R, Bradman, Asa, She, Jianwen, Gavin, Qi, Zahedi, Rana, Parra, Kimberly L, Harley, Kim G

المصدر: Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology. 29(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Pediatric, Clinical Research, Adolescent, Benzhydryl Compounds, Biomarkers, Cosmetics, Endocrine Disruptors, Environmental Exposure, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Parabens, Phenols, Phthalic Acids, Self Report, Triclosan, Personal care products, Product use, Phthalates, Benzophenone-3, Hispanic Americans, Chemical Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Public health

الوصف: Use of personal care products, such as makeup, soaps, and sunscreen, may expose adolescent girls to potential endocrine disruptors, including phthalates, parabens, and other phenols. We evaluated the relationship between recent self-reported personal care product use and concentrations for urinary metabolites of phthalates, parabens, triclosan, and benzophenone-3 (BP-3) in 100 Latina adolescents. Girls who reported using makeup every day vs. rarely/never had higher urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP) (102.2 ng/mL vs. 52.4 ng/mL, P-value: 0.04), methyl paraben (MP) (120.5 ng/mL vs. 13.4 ng/mL, P-value

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1816t2w8Test

المؤلفون: Harley, Kim G, Berger, Kimberly P, Kogut, Katherine, Parra, Kimberly, Lustig, Robert H, Greenspan, Louise C, Calafat, Antonia M, Ye, Xiaoyun, Eskenazi, Brenda

المصدر: Human Reproduction. 34(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Contraception/Reproduction, Clinical Research, Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods, Prevention, Pediatric, Pediatric Research Initiative, Reproductive health and childbirth, Adult, Child, Cohort Studies, Cosmetics, Endocrine Disruptors, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Maternal Exposure, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Parabens, Phenols, Phthalic Acids, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Sex Factors, Sexual Maturation, Time Factors, Young Adult, puberty, Tanner staging, prenatal exposure, personal care products, triclosan, phthalates, Medical and Health Sciences, Studies in Human Society, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive medicine

الوصف: Study questionAre in-utero or peripubertal exposures to phthalates, parabens and other phenols found in personal care products associated with timing of pubertal onset in boys and girls?Summary answerWe found some associations of altered pubertal timing in girls, but little evidence in boys.What is known alreadyCertain chemicals in personal care and consumer products, including low molecular weight phthalates, parabens and phenols, or their precursors, are associated with altered pubertal timing in animal studies.Study design, size, durationData were from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) longitudinal cohort study which followed 338 children in the Salinas Valley, California, from before birth to adolescence.Participants/materials, setting, methodsPregnant women were enrolled in 1999-2000. Mothers were mostly Latina, living below the federal poverty threshold and without a high school diploma. We measured concentrations of three phthalate metabolites (monoethyl phthalate [MEP], mono-n-butyl phthalate and mono-isobutyl phthalate), methyl and propyl paraben and four other phenols (triclosan, benzophenone-3 and 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol) in urine collected from mothers during pregnancy and from children at age 9. Pubertal timing was assessed among 179 girls and 159 boys every 9 months between ages 9 and 13 using clinical Tanner staging. Accelerated failure time models were used to obtain mean shifts of pubertal timing associated with concentrations of prenatal and peripubertal biomarkers.Main results and the role of chanceIn girls, we observed earlier onset of pubic hair development with prenatal urinary MEP concentrations and earlier menarche with prenatal triclosan and 2,4-dichlorophenol concentrations. Regarding peripubertal biomarkers, we observed: earlier breast development, pubic hair development and menarche with methyl paraben; earlier menarche with propyl paraben; and later pubic hair development with 2,5-dichlorophenol. In boys, we observed no associations with prenatal urinary biomarker concentrations and only one association with peripubertal concentrations: earlier genital development with propyl paraben.Limitations, reasons for cautionThese chemicals are quickly metabolized and one to two urinary measurements per developmental point may not accurately reflect usual exposure. Associations of peripubertal measurements with parabens may reflect reverse causality: children going through puberty early may be more likely to use personal care products. The study population was limited to Latino children of low socioeconomic status living in a farmworker community and may not be widely generalizable.Wider implications of the findingsThis study contributes to a growing literature that suggests that exposure to certain endocrine disrupting chemicals may impact timing of puberty in children.Study funding/competing interest(s)This study was funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the US Environmental Protection Agency. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.Trial registration numberN/A.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/61r48806Test