التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
Water- and sediment-quality effects on Pimephales promelas spawning vary along an agriculture-to-urban land-use gradient |
| المؤلفون: |
Corsi, Steven R.1 srcorsi@usgs.gov, Klaper, Rebecca D.2 rklaper@uwm.edu, Weber, Daniel N.3 dweber@uwm.edu, Bannerman, Roger T.4 banner@dnr.state.wi.us |
| المصدر: |
Science of the Total Environment. Oct2011, Vol. 409 Issue 22, p4847-4857. 11p. |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: |
*WATER quality, *RIVER sediments, *FATHEAD minnow, *LAND use, *WATERSHED management, *DISSOLVED oxygen in water, *STREAMFLOW |
| مستخلص: |
Abstract: Many streams in the U.S. are “impaired” due to anthropogenic influence. For watershed managers to achieve practical understanding of these impairments, a multitude of factors must be considered, including point and nonpoint-source influence on water quality. A spawning assay was developed in this study to evaluate water- and sediment-quality effects that influenced Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) egg production over a gradient of urban and agricultural land use in 27 small watersheds in Eastern Wisconsin. Six pairs of reproducing fathead minnows were contained in separate mesh cartridges within one larger flow-through chamber. Water- and sediment quality were sampled for an array of parameters. Egg production was monitored for each pair providing an assessment of spawning success throughout the 21-day test periods. Incidences of low dissolved oxygen (DO) in many of these streams negatively impacted spawning success. Nine of 27 streams experienced DO less than 3.1mg/L and 15 streams experienced DO less than 4.8mg/L. Low DO was observed in urban and agricultural watersheds, but the upper threshold of minimum DO decreased with increasing urban development. An increase in specific conductance was related to a decrease in spawning success. In previous studies for streams in this region, specific conductance had a linear relation with chloride, suggesting the possibility that chloride could be a factor in egg production. Egg production was lower at sites with substantial urban development, but sites with low egg production were not limited to urban sites. Degradation of water- and sediment-quality parameters with increasing urban development is indicated for multiple parameters while patterns were not detected for others. Results from this study indicate that DO must be a high priority watershed management consideration for this region, specific conductance should be investigated further to determine the mechanism of the relation with egg production, and water- and sediment-quality degrade in relation to urban influence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier] |
| قاعدة البيانات: |
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