نتائج البحث - "VACCINATION"

1

Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection in hospitalized patients in Spain: An eight-year review (2012–2019)

المؤلفون: Lina M. Parra, Antonio Ramos, Mireia Cantero, Grupo de trabajo Epine, Alberto Vallejo-Plaza, Inmaculada Salcedo, Ángel Asensio, Rafael Orti-Bordas

المصدر: Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica. 40:125-130

الوصف: Background Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a disease that is potentially preventable by vaccination. A good knowledge of its epidemiology, which can change over time, is warranted for prevention purposes and to help decision-making on the use of vaccines in public health programs. The objective of the research was to determine the epidemiology of healthcare-associated CDI (HA-CDI) and community-associated CDI (CA-CDI) in hospitalized patients in Spain using point prevalence data. Methods Point prevalence survey data on infections of hospitalized patients for years 2012–2019 were analyzed. HA-CDI and CA-CDI prevalence rates were calculated. Both HA-CDI and CA-CDI, as well as age group prevalence rates, were examined for trends. Patient comorbidities were tested for association to CDI. Results The prevalence of CDI in Spanish hospitals has grown exponentially from 14.1% in 2012 to 35.9% in 2019 (cases/10.000 hospitalized patients). Almost two thirds of the cases are of nosocomial onset. This increase was observed for HA-CDI and CA-CDI at an annual rate of 1.11% (CI 95% 1.08–1.15) and 1.09% (CI 95% 1.04–1.13), respectively. Patients 50 years old or older represent 87% of the total number of cases. Patients suffering from neoplasm (OR 1.39), immunodeficiency (OR 3.26), neutropenia (OR 3.70), cirrhosis (OR 1.92) and chronic renal failure (OR 1.91) have a significant increased risk of developing CDI, after adjusting for age. Conclusion In Spain, the prevalence rate of both HA-CDI and CA-CDI have been increasing. Burden of CDI as well as clinical and epidemiological characteristics of CDI patients will help to support public health decision-making.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2a097fa2a61a919b49512394671b2b7fTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2021.04.006Test

2

Patterns of recommended vaccine receipt among women ages 24–45 years: a cross-sectional analysis

المؤلفون: Erin L Sullivan, Eugene D. Shapiro, Sangini S. Sheth, Linda M. Niccolai, Ashlynn Torres, Carlos R. Oliveira, Mallory K. Ellingson

المصدر: BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
BMC Public Health

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, Influenza vaccine, Population, Women’s health, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Environmental health, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Papillomavirus Vaccines, education, HPV vaccine, Receipt, education.field_of_study, Tetanus, business.industry, Public health, Research, Vaccination, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Adult vaccination, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Influenza Vaccines, Case-Control Studies, Female, Immunization, Biostatistics, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business

الوصف: Background Vaccine receipt among mid-adults remains low, with only one quarter of adults being up to date for all recommended vaccines. It is important to understand the myriad factors that influence vaccine receipt among mid-adult women to address these low rates. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from women ages 24–45 years collected as part of an ongoing case-control study of the effectiveness of HPV vaccine. We examined associations between demographic characteristics and healthcare utilization and receipt of individual vaccines and combinations of multiple vaccines using logistic regression analyses for three routinely recommended vaccines: tetanus, influenza and HPV. Results Among the 309 women enrolled in the study, only 19 (6.2%) were up to date for all three recommended vaccines and 41 (13.3%) had not received any of the recommended vaccines. A greater number of health care visits in the past year was associated with receipt of influenza (aOR = 6.37, 95% CI = 2.53, 16.1) and tetanus (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.14, 4.12) vaccines. White women were more likely to have received HPV vaccine (aOR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.07, 5.36). Conclusions Uptake of recommended vaccines is low among young and mid-adult women. There is a need for greater understanding of the underlying factors influencing vaccine receipt in this population.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::36d1339bdaf499e0ad9376d4d34146caTest
https://doaj.org/article/04c6c5c586674711b5f86658e4320debTest

3

Twenty-Year Public Health Impact of 7- and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in US Children

المؤلفون: Raymond Farkouh, Kelly Sutton, Vincenza Snow, Stephen I. Pelton, Erica Chilson, Desmond Dillon-Murphy, Matt Wasserman, Shreeya Patel, Ruth Chapman, Rotem Lapidot

المصدر: Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 27, Iss 6, Pp 1627-1636 (2021)
Emerging Infectious Diseases

مصطلحات موضوعية: Pediatrics, pneumococcal pneumonia, Epidemiology, literature review, PCV13, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, medicine.disease_cause, Pneumococcal Vaccines, 0302 clinical medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, bacteria, Child, Incidence (epidemiology), pneumococcal conjugate vaccines, PCV7, vaccines, pneumococcal disease, Twenty-Year Public Health Impact of 7- and 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines in US Children, Vaccination, Infectious Diseases, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pneumococcal pneumonia, Medicine, Vaccine-preventable diseases, Public Health, medicine.symptom, pneumococcal vaccination, Meningitis, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, 030231 tropical medicine, invasive pneumococcal disease, Pneumococcal Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, children, medicine, Humans, Vaccines, Conjugate, business.industry, Research, Infant, otitis media, Pneumonia, bacterial infections and mycoses, medicine.disease, vaccination, United States, PCVs, IPD, Otitis, vaccine-preventable diseases, bacterial infections, incidence, business

الوصف: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been used in the United States since 2000. To assess the cumulative 20-year effect of PCVs on invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) incidence among children 282,000 cases of IPD, including ≈16,000 meningitis, ≈172,000 bacteremia, and ≈55,000 bacteremic pneumonia cases. In addition, vaccination has prevented 97 million healthcare visits for otitis media, 438,914–706,345 hospitalizations for pneumonia, and 2,780 total deaths. IPD cases declined 91%, from 15,707 in 1997 to 1,382 in 2019. Average annual visits for otitis media declined 41%, from 78 visits/100 children before PCV introduction to 46 visits/100 children after PCV13 introduction. Annual pneumonia hospitalizations declined 66%–79%, from 110,000–175,000 in 1997 to 37,000 in 2019. These findings confirm the substantial benefits of PCVs for preventing IPD in children.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::110fc13718f2a9960baa7d1063f573a0Test
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/27/6/20-4238_articleTest

4

Epilepsy is overrepresented among young people who died from COVID-19: Analysis of nationwide mortality data in Hungary

المؤلفون: Imre Janszky, Balázs Cséke, Zsófia Sütő, Gergely Darnai, Réka Horváth, Daniel Schranz, Norbert Kovács, József Janszky

المصدر: Seizure

مصطلحات موضوعية: Hungary, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Epilepsy, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Public health, COVID-19, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Article, Vaccination, Young age, age, Neurology, intellectual disability, Mortality data, death, Epidemiology, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Young adult, business

الوصف: Background : Studies examining epilepsy as a COVID-related death risk have come to conflicting conclusions. Our aim was to assess the prevalence of epilepsy among COVID-related deaths in Hungary. Methods : Each COVID-19 infection case is required to be reported on a daily basis to the National Public Health Center of Hungary. This online report includes the beginning and end of the infection, as well as information on comorbidities. Death during infection is regarded as COVID-related. The anonymized data of each deceased patient are published on an information website ( www.koronavirus.gov.hu ) and provides up-to-date information on each patient with the date of death, the patient's sex, age, and chronic illness. Results : There were 11,968 patients who died of COVID-19 in Hungary between 13 March, 2020 and 23 January, 2021. Among 11,686 patients with no missing values for comorbidities, 255 patients had epilepsy (2.2%). Epilepsy was much more common among those who died at a young age: 9.3% of those who died under the age of 50 had epilepsy, compared with only 1.3% in those over the age of 80. The younger an age group was, the higher was the prevalence of epilepsy. Conclusion : Based on our data, a strong association is observed between COVID-19 related death and young adult patient with epilepsy. Patients who died of COVID-19 under the age of 50 were 10 to 20 times more likely to have epilepsy than what would have been expected from epidemiological data. Our results highlight the need for increased protection of young people with epilepsy from COVID-19 infection and the development of a vaccination strategy accordingly.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::cdad2a09459705f1c4afdb6ed1d12f50Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2021.11.013Test

5

Determinants of physician attitudes towards the new selective measles vaccine mandate in Germany

المؤلفون: Ole Wichmann, Cornelia Betsch, Julia Neufeind, Vera Zylka-Menhorn

المصدر: BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
BMC Public Health

الوصف: Background In Germany, a mandatory policy on measles vaccination came into effect in March 2020. Physicians, as the main vaccine providers, have a crucial role in implementing it. Mandatory vaccination changes the preconditions under which patient-provider communication on vaccines occurs. Physicians might or might not favor vaccine mandates depending on, among other factors, their attitudes towards vaccines and capabilities as vaccine providers. The aim of this study was to investigate in different subgroups of physicians the association between various factors and their attitudes towards a mandatory policy. Methods In total, 2229 physicians participated in a mixed-mode online/paper-pencil survey. Respondents were general practitioners, pediatricians, gynecologists, and internists. Primary determinants were the 5C psychological antecedents of vaccination, communication self-efficacy, patient clientele, projected consequences of the mandate and sociodemographic characteristics. Associations between outcomes and determinants were examined using linear regression analysis. Results Approximately 86% of physicians were in favor of the measles vaccine mandate for children. Regarding the 5C model, physicians were more in favor of vaccine mandates when they scored higher on confidence and collective responsibility, and lower on complacency and calculation. They were more in favor of vaccine mandates when they had higher communication self-efficacy and a more vaccine-positive patient clientele. Pediatricians were less in favor of mandates for children (80.0%) than other physician subgroups (87.1%). They were also less convinced that a mandate would result in more children getting vaccinated (59.3%) than other physician subgroups (78.3%). When controlled for these expected consequences, being a pediatrician no longer lowered the attitude towards the mandate. Conclusions Physicians in Germany are predominantly in favor of a measles vaccine mandate. Whether or not physicians believe the mandate to be effective in increasing vaccine coverage affects their attitude towards the mandate. In pediatricians, this belief explains their less positive attitude towards the mandate. In addition, physicians need adequate support to communicate well with patients, especially those who are hesitant, to booster their communication self-efficacy. To increase acceptance of vaccine mandates, the 5C model can be used, e.g., collective responsibility can be communicated, to avoid anger stemming from a negative attitude to mandates.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::674430bb128b3442298b7e89801d7dfaTest
https://doaj.org/article/85439323450b497db7da4dc67b2f000cTest

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Hepatitis A outbreak among MSM in Berlin due to low vaccination coverage: Epidemiology, management, and successful interventions

المؤلفون: Dirk Werber, Ulrich Marcus, Claudia Ruscher, Daniel Sagebiel, Thorsten Rieck, Mirko Faber, Ruth Zimmermann, Heiko Jessen, Patrick Ingiliz, Birte Schilling, Judith Koch, Sandra Dudareva, Jürgen J. Wenzel, Jakob Schumacher, Kai Michaelis, Janine Thoulass, Dagmar Sissolak

المصدر: International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Vol 103, Iss, Pp 146-153 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030106 microbiology, Psychological intervention, Disease Outbreaks, Men who have sex with men, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Germany, Environmental health, Epidemiology, Odds Ratio, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, MSM, Homosexuality, Male, Aged, Vaccination coverage, business.industry, Public health, Vaccination, Hepatitis A, Outbreak, virus diseases, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Berlin, HAV, Infectious Diseases, business

الوصف: Objectives To describe the characteristics of a large hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreak among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Berlin and to assess the impact of measures implemented. Methods Cases of laboratory-confirmed, symptomatic HAV infection notified in Berlin, Germany between August 2016 and February 2018 were analysed using routine and enhanced surveillance data including genotyping results. Several studies involving different groups of participants were conducted to further investigate the outbreak, including surveys on knowledge and practices of HAV vaccination among physicians and vaccination coverage and determinants of vaccination status among MSM. The measures implemented were categorized by target group in a Gantt chart. To assess their impact, health insurance data on HAV vaccination uptake were analysed, comparing Berlin and other federal states. Results During the outbreak period, a total of 222 cases were reported (of which 91 were sequence-confirmed), with a peak in case numbers in January 2017. Physicians were aware of the existing vaccination recommendations, but vaccination coverage among 756 MSM was low, with 32.7% being completely vaccinated and 17.3% being incompletely vaccinated before 2017. HAV vaccination before 2017 was associated with being born in Germany (odds ratio 2.36) and HIV-positive (odds ratio 1.80). HAV monovalent vaccination uptake increased by 164% from 2016 to 2017 among males in Berlin, compared to 7% in other federal states. Conclusions Multiple measures targeting the MSM community, physicians, and public health to increase HAV vaccination uptake were successfully implemented. To prevent future HAV outbreaks, we recommend monitoring vaccination coverage among MSM, promoting awareness of existing recommendations among physicians, and ensuring access for foreign-born and young MSM.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e93408311ecd41624bae947d1cbf493cTest
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971220323274Test

7

Health Care Access and Use Among Adults with Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic — United States, February–March 2021

المؤلفون: Karen R. Siegel, Mark É Czeisler, Mark E Howard, Kai McKeever Bullard, Shantha M W Rajaratnam, Matthew D. Weaver, Catherine E. Barrett, Charles A. Czeisler

المصدر: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report

الوصف: Diabetes affects approximately one in 10 persons in the United States† and is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 (1), especially when a patient's diabetes is not well managed (2). The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic has affected diabetes care and management, and whether this varies across age groups, is currently unknown. To evaluate access to and use of health care, as well as experiences, attitudes, and behaviors about COVID-19 prevention and vaccination, a nonprobability, Internet-based survey was administered to 5,261 U.S. adults aged ≥18 years during February-March 2021. Among respondents, 760 (14%) adults who reported having diabetes currently managed with medication were included in the analysis. Younger adults (aged 18-29 years) with diabetes were more likely to report having missed medical care during the past 3 months (87%; 79) than were those aged 30-59 years (63%; 372) or ≥60 years (26%; 309) (p

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::50475341b756abfb4a30ba53ebbc753fTest
https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7046a2Test

8

Evaluating the relationship between myocarditis and mRNA vaccination

المؤلفون: Mark Loeb, Charlotte Switzer

المصدر: Expert Review of Vaccines
article-version (VoR) Version of Record

الوصف: Introduction : Inflammatory conditions affecting the heart and surrounding tissues have been recently reported following mRNA vaccination. Evaluating trends in the epidemiology of these events and possible mechanisms related to vaccination will enhance vaccine safety surveillance and inform best practices for future vaccine campaigns. Areas covered : Epidemiology of the burden of vaccine-associated myocarditis are reviewed. Key summaries of available data from public health advisory bodies and vaccine safety surveillance databases are critically reviewed. The possible biological pathways for vaccine-associated heart inflammations are introduced. A critical synthesis of available information to inform vaccine recommendations and best practices is provided. The citations were selected by the authors based on PubMed searches of the literature, national vaccine safety surveillance databases and summaries from national public health bodies. Expert opinion : Myocarditis may be associated with vaccination, through several biological mechanisms. Studies have shown that live viral vaccinations can act as a trigger for hypersensitivity inflammatory reactions, but further work is required to examine how the mRNA formulation may induce these autoimmune responses. Given that the risk of these adverse events is low, and the benefit of protection against disease is so great, the receipt of mRNA vaccines is recommended.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4dbd6b70df8ab03eeec733191b42c316Test
https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2022.2002690Test

9

Religion and Measles Vaccination in Indonesia, 1991–2017

المؤلفون: Abram L. Wagner, Aparna Kachoria, Noelle Shields, Harapan Harapan, Abigail R. Shotwell

المصدر: Am J Prev Med

الوصف: Introduction Some Muslim religious councils in Indonesia have ruled that measles vaccines contain haram (i.e., forbidden materials). This study evaluates the changes in measles vaccination coverage between 1991 and 2017 and compares vaccination coverage between Muslims and non-Muslims in Indonesia. Methods A total of 7 cross-sectional in-person surveys of mothers in 1991–2017 in Indonesia were analyzed in 2019. Participants were asked about religion in 1991–2007, and 100 data sets of religion were imputed for 2012 and 2017. In this multiple imputation analysis, binomial regression models output prevalence differences adjusted for wealth, education, child's sex, and mother's age. A quadratic term for year (year X year) and an interaction term between year and religion evaluated changes in vaccination over time by religion. Results The 7 data sets included 23,106 children aged 12–23 months, with the proportion of those who were Muslims ranging between 85% and 89% across the survey years. Between 1991 and 2017, measles vaccination coverage increased from 57% to 79% among non-Muslims and from 59% to 79% among Muslims. In the multivariable regression model, measles vaccination coverage increased by 1.6% each year (with a quadratic term of −0.05%, indicating some leveling over time). At baseline in 1991, non-Muslims had a vaccination coverage of 6.2% higher than that of Muslims, but this disparity decreased by −0.2% each year. Conclusions Measles vaccination increased in both Muslims and non-Muslims in Indonesia but has stagnated in recent years. Because of increased attention among Muslim groups on haram materials in vaccines since 2017, future studies should continue to examine the relationship between religion and vaccine uptake in Indonesia. Supplement information This article is part of a supplement entitled Global Vaccination Equity, which is sponsored by the Global Institute for Vaccine Equity at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::df3deb2cb05cc439ac83a039bb7d5c18Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2020.07.029Test

10

Lymphatic filariasis vaccine development: neglected for how long?

المؤلفون: Vandana B. Patravale, Vivek P. Chavda, Moinuddin Soniwala, Sreeranjini Pulakkat, Anjali Pandya

المصدر: Expert Review of Vaccines. 20:1471-1482

الوصف: INTRODUCTION Lymphatic filariasis (LF), also known as elephantiasis, has been recognized by the world health organization and the centers for disease control and prevention as one of the neglected tropical diseases. The huge prevalence and risk of manifestation to date reflect the poor management of this disease. The disease poses vast public health and socio-economic burdens and generates a dire need for the development of a prophylactic solution for mass administration. AREAS COVERED Vaccination has been a sought-out strategy for dealing with ever-evolving infectious diseases and can be duly tuned to become a cost effective means of disease control and eventual eradication. In this review, we highlight the epidemiology of LF with the current diagnosis and treatment modules. The need for the development of a potential vaccine candidates, and challenges are discussed. The evidence presented in this review aims to enlighten the readers regarding the essential factors governing LF and its management using prophylactic measures. EXPERT OPINION The complex nature of filarial parasites is evident from the absence of a single vaccine for LF. The development and selection of an appropriate preclinical model and its translation into clinical practice is deemed to be a major task needing in-depth evaluation to formulate an effective vaccine. Explorations of the existing vaccine platforms would serve to be an apt strategy in this direction.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::4f5f8d8383d760c9a12ca4b5af26f448Test
https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2021.1990760Test

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