An Emerging Syndemic of Smoking and Cardiopulmonary Diseases in People Living with HIV in Africa
| العنوان: | An Emerging Syndemic of Smoking and Cardiopulmonary Diseases in People Living with HIV in Africa |
|---|---|
| المؤلفون: | Mari Armstrong-Hough, Conrad Iyegbe, Joyce Gyamfi, Andre Pascal Kengne, Stephanie H. Cook, Anya Snyder, Temitope Ojo, Emmanuel Peprah, Nessa Ryan, Juliet Iwelunmor, Linda Chang, Paul F. O'Reilly, Jacquelyn Y. Taylor, Oliver Ezechi, Huichun Xu, Barbara Mukasa |
| المصدر: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 3111, p 3111 (2021) International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health |
| بيانات النشر: | MDPI AG, 2021. |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | medicine.medical_specialty, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Population, lcsh:Medicine, HIV Infections, Context (language use), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, tobacco, smoking, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Syndemic, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cardiovascular disease, Environmental health, Tobacco Smoking, medicine, Humans, syndemics, 030212 general & internal medicine, low- and middle-income countries, education, Cardiopulmonary disease, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Public health, Mortality rate, lcsh:R, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Africa, Commentary, HIV/AIDS, business, Cohort study |
| الوصف: | Background: African countries have the highest number of people living with HIV (PWH). The continent is home to 12% of the global population, but accounts for 71% of PWH globally. Antiretroviral therapy has played an important role in the reduction of the morbidity and mortality rates for HIV, which necessitates increased surveillance of the threats from pernicious risks to which PWH who live longer remain exposed. This includes cardiopulmonary comorbidities, which pose significant public health and economic challenges. A significant contributor to the cardiopulmonary comorbidities is tobacco smoking. Indeed, globally, PWH have a 2–4-fold higher utilization of tobacco compared to the general population, leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherogenesis that result in cardiopulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and coronary artery disease. In the context of PWH, we discuss (1) the current trends in cigarette smoking and (2) the lack of geographically relevant data on the cardiopulmonary conditions associated with smoking; we then review (3) the current evidence on chronic inflammation induced by smoking and the potential pathways for cardiopulmonary disease and (4) the multifactorial nature of the syndemic of smoking, HIV, and cardiopulmonary diseases. This commentary calls for a major, multi-setting cohort study using a syndemics framework to assess cardiopulmonary disease outcomes among PWH who smoke. Conclusion: We call for a parallel program of implementation research to promote the adoption of evidence-based interventions, which could improve health outcomes for PWH with cardiopulmonary diseases and address the health inequities experienced by PWH in African countries. |
| اللغة: | English |
| تدمد: | 1661-7827 1660-4601 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e4500b7ed9800e1181d96e770fa160feTest https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/6/3111Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....e4500b7ed9800e1181d96e770fa160fe |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 16617827 16604601 |
|---|