التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان: |
Formula diet alters small intestine morphology, microbial abundance and reduces VE-cadherin and IL-10 expression in neonatal porcine model. |
المؤلفون: |
Yeruva, Laxmi1,2,3 vlyeruva@uams.edu, Spencer, Nicole E.2, Saraf, Manish K.1,3, Hennings, Leah4, Bowlin, Anne K.1,3, Cleves, Mario A.1,3, Mercer, Kelly1,3, Chintapalli, Sree V.1,3, Shankar, Kartik1,3, Rank, Roger G.1,3, Badger, Thomas M.1,3, Ronis, Martin J. J.5 |
المصدر: |
BMC Gastroenterology. 3/22/2016, Vol. 16, p1-13. 13p. 1 Chart, 5 Graphs. |
مصطلحات موضوعية: |
*IMMUNE system, *NEWBORN infant immunology, *BREASTFEEDING, *INTESTINAL abnormalities, *CHEMOKINES, *DIAGNOSIS, *CALCIUM metabolism, *PROTEIN metabolism, *RNA metabolism, *ANIMAL populations, *ANIMALS, *ANTIGENS, *BIOCHEMISTRY, *CYTOKINES, *DIET, *GLYCOPROTEINS, *ILEUM, *INFANT formulas, *INTERLEUKINS, *SMALL intestine, *JEJUNUM, *LYMPHOID tissue, *PHENOMENOLOGY, *MILK, *PROTEINS, *RNA, *SOYFOODS, *SWINE, *VASCULAR endothelial growth factors |
مستخلص: |
Background: Breastfeeding is associated with a variety of positive health outcomes in children and is recommended exclusively for the first 6 months of life; however, 50-70 % of infants in the US are formula-fed. To test the hypothesis that immune system development and function in neonates and infants are significantly influenced by diet, 2-day old piglets were fed soy or milk formula (n = 6/group/gender) until day 21 and compared to a sow-fed group (n = 6/gender).Methods: Histomorphometric analyses of ileum, jejunum and Peyer's patches were carried out, to determine the inflammation status, mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and growth-related chemokines and cytokines.Results: In formula-fed animals, increases in ileum and jejunum villus height and crypt depth were observed in comparison to sow-fed animals (jejunum, p < 0.01 villus height, p < 0.04 crypt depth; ileum p < 0.001 villus height, p < 0.002 crypt depth). In formula-fed the lymphoid follicle size (p < 0.01) and germinal centers (p < 0.01) with in the Peyer's patch were significantly decreased in comparison to sow-fed, indicating less immune education. In ileum, formula diet induced significant up-regulation of AMCFII, IL-8, IL-15, VEGFA, LIF, FASL, CXCL11, CCL4, CCL25 and down-regulation of IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-27, IFNA4, CSF3, LOC100152038, and LOC100736831 at the transcript level. We have confirmed some of the mRNA data by measuring protein, and significant down-regulation of anti-inflammatory molecule IL-10 in comparison to sow-fed piglets was observed. To further determine the membrane protein expression in the ileum, VE-cadherin, occludin, and claudin-3, Western blot analyses were conducted. Sow fed piglets showed significantly more VE-Cadherin, which associated with levels of calcium, and putrescine measured. It is possible that differences in GI tract and immune development are related to shifts in the microbiome; notably, there were 5-fold higher amounts of Lactobacillaceae spp and 3 fold higher Clostridia spp in the sow fed group in comparison to milk formula-fed piglets, whereas in milk formula-fed pigs Enterobacteriaceae spp was 5-fold higher.Conclusion: In conclusion, formula diet alters GI morphology, microbial abundance, intestinal barrier protein VE-cadherin and anti-inflammatory molecule IL-10 expression. Further characterization of formula effects could lead to modification of infant formula to improve immune function, reduce inflammation and prevent conditions such as allergies and infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
قاعدة البيانات: |
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