المؤلفون: Chandel, Nisha, Somvanshi, Pramod R., Thakur, Vivek

المصدر: British Journal of Nutrition; 2/28/2024, Vol. 131 Issue 4, p686-697, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: LIFESTYLES, GUT microbiome, METABOLISM, DIET, VITAMIN B complex, COMPARATIVE studies, GENE expression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, MICRONUTRIENTS, LONGITUDINAL method

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: The human gut microbiota can biosynthesize essential micronutrients such as B-vitamins and is also known for its metabolic cooperative behaviour. The present study characterises such B-vitamin biosynthesizers, their biosynthetic pathways, explores their prevalence and abundance, examines how lifestyle or diet affects them in multiple Indian cohorts and compares it with the Chinese cohort. To achieve this, publicly available faecal metagenome data of healthy individuals from multiple Indian (two urban and three tribal populations) and a Chinese cohort were analysed. The distribution of prevalence and abundance of B-vitamin biosynthesizers showed similar profiles to that of the entire gut community of the Indian cohort, and there were 28 B-vitamin biosynthesizers that had modest or higher prevalence and abundance. The omnivorous diet affected only the prevalence of a few B-vitamin biosynthesizers; however, lifestyle and/or location affected both prevalence and abundance. A comparison with the Chinese cohort showed that fourteen B-vitamin biosynthesizers were significantly more prevalent and abundant in Chinese as compared with Indian samples (False Discovery Rate (FDR) <= 0·05). The metabolic potential of the entire gut community for B-vitamin production showed that within India, the tribal cohort has a higher abundance of B-vitamin biosynthesis pathways as compared with two urban cohorts namely, Bhopal and Kasargod, and comparison with the Chinese cohort revealed a higher abundance in the latter group. Potential metabolic cooperative behaviour of the Indian gut microbiome for biosynthesis of the B-vitamins showed multiple pairs of species showed theoretical complementarity for complete biosynthetic pathways genes of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and pantothenate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Wenzhi Zhao¹, Kai Yu¹, Shengjie Tan¹, Yingdong Zheng², Ai Zhao³, Peiyu Wang³, Yumei Zhang^1,4 zhangyumei@hsc.pku.edu.cn, Zhao, Wenzhi⁵ (AUTHOR), Yu, Kai⁵ (AUTHOR), Tan, Shengjie⁵ (AUTHOR), Zheng, Yingdong⁶ (AUTHOR), Zhao, Ai⁷ (AUTHOR), Wang, Peiyu⁷ (AUTHOR), Zhang, Yumei^5,8 (AUTHOR)

المصدر: BMC Public Health. 5/12/2017, Vol. 17, p1-11. 11p. 5 Charts, 4 Graphs.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CHILDHOOD obesity, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *CROSS-sectional method, *CHINESE people, *DISEASES, *AGE distribution, *COMPARATIVE studies, *DIET, *RESEARCH methodology, *MEDICAL cooperation, *NUTRITION disorders in children, *OBESITY, *RESEARCH, *SURVEYS, *TRACE elements, *EVALUATION research, DEVELOPING countries

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

الشركة/الكيان: FOOD & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

مستخلص: Background: Micronutrient malnutrition affects the well-being of both adults and children. Dietary diversity score (DDS) is a useful evaluation index with a relatively well-developed guideline by FAO. It's meaningful to assess and predict inadequate micronutrient intakes using DDS in Chinese children, after ruling out the risk of obesity coming with more dietary diversity.Methods: Data for evaluation were extracted from the Nutrition Study of Preschool Children and School Children, which is a cross-sectional study covering 8 cities of China, including 1694 children in kindergartens and primary schools. This study applied DDS to Chinese children to test the validity for micronutrient inadequacy, and then explored the relationship between dietary diversity and obesity.Results: It reveals that dietary diversity varied with age and place of residence; the older ones and the ones living in rural areas tend to have poorer dietary diversity. Another discovery is that DDS is positively correlated with indicators of micronutrient adequacy, with a score of 6-8 indicating the lowest risk of micronutrient inadequacy in different groups of children. In our study population, dietary diversity is not related with obesity.Conclusions: Dietary diversity score is a valid indicator to evaluate micronutrient inadequacy in Chinese children, though there is still room for improvement of the method. Besides, the relationship between increase of dietary diversity and risk of obesity should be treated circumspectly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Guo, Chao, Zheng, Xiaoying

المصدر: British Journal of Nutrition; 10/14/2020, Vol. 124 Issue 7, p709-714, 6p

مصطلحات موضوعية: HUMAN abnormalities, DATE of conception, CONFIDENCE intervals, DIET, POPULATION geography, SURVEYS, MICRONUTRIENTS, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, HUMAN services programs, EVALUATION of human services programs, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ODDS ratio

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: Most childhood disabilities are caused by congenital factors such as birth defects. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of periconceptional nutrition intervention on the prevention of congenital disability among Chinese children using the National Birth Defects Intervention Project as a natural experiment. We obtained individual-level data from the Second National Sample Survey on Disability, a nationally representative survey, and 110 365 children born between September 1999 and August 2003 were included for analysis. Difference-in-differences estimates of the project effects on congenital disability were captured by exploiting temporal variation in the timing of project exposure across four birth cohorts along with geographical variation in project category at the province level. The findings contribute to an emerging body of evidence showing that prenatal micronutrient intervention before and during early pregnancy could substantially reduce the risk of congenital disability in childhood (OR 0·73; 95 % CI 0·57, 0·94). The National Birth Defects Intervention Project improved the awareness of reproductive health and disability prevention in the population. It highlights the need for a potential policy change focusing on early-life health investment in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Yang, Jiaomei, Dang, Shaonong, Cheng, Yue, Qiu, Huizhen, Mi, Baibing, Jiang, Yufen, Qu, Pengfei, Zeng, Lingxia, Wang, Quanli, Li, Qiang, Kang, Yijun, Shen, Yuan, Yan, Hong

المصدر: Public Health Nutrition; Feb2017, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p282-293, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: NUTRITION in pregnancy, DIETARY supplements, INGESTION, MATERNAL health, CHINESE women, DEMOGRAPHY, DIET, FOLIC acid, FOOD habits, NUTRITIONAL requirements, PREGNANT women, SURVEYS, MICRONUTRIENTS, CROSS-sectional method

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: Objective: To describe nutrient intakes, characterize dietary patterns and analyse their associations with sociodemographic characteristics among pregnant women in Shaanxi, China.Design: Population-based cross-sectional survey.Setting: Twenty counties and ten districts in Shaanxi Province of Northwest China, 2013.Subjects: Women (n 7462) were recruited using a stratified multistage random sampling method to report diets during pregnancy, at 0-12 months (median 3 months; 10th-90th percentile, 0-7 months) after delivery.Results: Pregnant women had higher intakes of fat, niacin and vitamin E than the nutrient reference values, while most micronutrients such as vitamin A, folate, Ca and Zn were reportedly low. Women in the highest education, occupation and household income groups had higher nutrient intakes than those in the lowest groups. Nutrient intake differences also existed by geographic area, residence and maternal age at delivery. Three dietary patterns were identified: balanced pattern, vegetarian pattern and snacks pattern. Participants with high balanced pattern scores tended to be better educated, wealthier, 25-29 years old at delivery, working outside and living in urban areas and central Shaanxi. Women with high scores on the vegetarian pattern and snacks pattern tended to be in low balanced pattern score groups, and had lower nutrient intakes than those in the high balanced pattern score groups.Conclusions: The study suggested that pregnant women in Shaanxi, China had low intakes of most nutrients such as vitamin A, folate and Ca. Dietary patterns and most nutrient intakes varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Targeted programmes are needed to improve dietary intakes and dietary patterns among sociodemographically disadvantaged groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Zhang, Jian, Wang, Chunrong, Li, Lixiang, Man, Qingqing, Meng, Liping, Song, Pengkun, Frøyland, Livar, Du, Zhen-Yu

المصدر: British Journal of Nutrition; 10/28/2012, Vol. 108 Issue 8, p1455-1465, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: BLOOD sugar analysis, HYPERLIPIDEMIA, ANALYSIS of variance, ANTHROPOMETRY, BIOMARKERS, BLOOD testing, C-reactive protein, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors, CHI-squared test, CLINICAL trials, DIET, ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay, FATTY acids, FISHES, HIGH density lipoproteins, LOW density lipoproteins, RESEARCH funding, STATISTICS, T-test (Statistics), MICRONUTRIENTS, TUMOR necrosis factors, U-statistics, DATA analysis, METABOLIC syndrome, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, MIDDLE age, PREVENTION

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: Dietary intervention studies to assess the cardioprotective effects of oily fish are scarce in China. The present study aimed to examine the effects of the oily fish, Norwegian salmon, herring and local farmed pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) on CVD risk markers when included in the Chinese diet. In this 8-week, parallel-arm, randomised intervention study, 126 Chinese women with hypertriacylglycerolaemia, aged 35–70 years, were assigned to four groups to consume an experimental lunch containing 80 g fillets of either one of three oily fish or a mix of commonly eaten meats (pork/chicken/beef/lean fish) for 5 d/week. The results showed that inclusion of the three oily fish significantly increased the intake of n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) while decreasing the dietary n-6:n-3 PUFA ratio. Compared to the control group, significant increases of DHA, EPA+DHA and total n-3 PUFA in plasma choline phosphoglyceride were observed in the three oily fish groups. Plasma TAG levels were significantly reduced only in the salmon and herring groups. When compared to the baseline level, the three oily fish diets significantly decreased serum concentrations of TAG, apoB, apoCII and apoCIII, but only the salmon and herring diets significantly lowered TNF-α and raised adiponectin levels in serum. The salmon diet additionally decreased the serum concentration of IL-6. To conclude, dietary inclusion of salmon, herring and pompano as oily fish can effectively increase serum n-3 LC-PUFA content and are associated with favourable biochemical changes in dyslipidaemic middle-aged and elderly Chinese women, and these beneficial effects are mainly associated with n-3 LC-PUFA contents. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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المؤلفون: Leung, G., Stanner, S.

المصدر: Nutrition Bulletin; Jun2011, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p161-198, 38p, 1 Diagram, 11 Charts, 10 Graphs

مصطلحات موضوعية: MINORITIES, ACCULTURATION, AGE distribution, ASIANS, BEHAVIOR modification, BLACK people, BREASTFEEDING, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, CENSUS, CEREBROVASCULAR disease, CHRISTIANITY, COOKING, CORONARY disease, DEMOGRAPHY, DIET, ALCOHOL drinking, EMPLOYMENT, EXERCISE, DIETARY fiber, FOOD chemistry, CARBOHYDRATE content of food, FAT content of food, FOOD habits, FOOD preferences, FOOD service, FRUIT, HEALTH behavior, HEALTH promotion, HEALTH status indicators, HINDUISM, INCOME, INGESTION, ISLAM, LIFE expectancy, TYPE 2 diabetes, NUTRITIONAL requirements, NUTRITION policy, OBESITY, CULTURAL pluralism, PRIORITY (Philosophy), RACE, RELIGION, RESEARCH evaluation, RISK assessment, SALT, SEX distribution, SMOKING, MICRONUTRIENTS, UNEMPLOYMENT, VEGETABLES, VITAMIN D, WHITE people, GENETIC testing, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, EDUCATIONAL attainment, HEALTH literacy

مصطلحات جغرافية: BANGLADESH, CHINA, UNITED Kingdom, INDIA, NORTHERN Ireland, PAKISTAN, SCOTLAND, WALES, WEST Indies, ENGLAND

مستخلص: SummaryIntroduction1Definitions of ethnic groups and demographics of minority ethnic groups in the UK○ 1.1 Definitions of 'ethnic groups' and 'ethnicity'○ 1.2 Demographics and characteristics of minority ethnic groups in the UK– Countries of origin– Age/sex distribution and life expectancy– Geographical distribution and size of household– Religious beliefs– Education and employment patternsKey points2Overview of the health profile and dietary habits of minority ethnic groups in the UK○ 2.1 Available surveys○ 2.2 Overview of the health profiles among adults from minority ethnic groups– Overall health– Cardiovascular disease (CVD)– Coronary heart disease (CHD)– Stroke– Type 2 diabetes– Obesity○ 2.3 Possible causes of increased disease risk among minority ethnic groups○ 2.4 Smoking, drinking and physical activity habits○ 2.5 Dietary habits and nutritional status○ 2.6 Overview of the health profiles and dietary and health behaviour patterns of children from minority ethnic groups– Overall health– Diet and health behaviour patterns○ 2.7 Gaps in data availabilityKey points3Factors affecting food choice– Income and socio‐economic status– Food availability and access– Awareness of healthy eating– Religious beliefs– Food beliefs– Time and cooking skills– Generation and genderKey points4Traditional diets of minority ethnic groups○ 4.1 Overview of traditional diets of minority ethic groups– South Asians– African‐Caribbeans– Chinese○ 4.2 Dietary acculturation○ 4.3 Nutritional composition of ethnic‐style cuisineKey points5Nutritional interventions and health promotion among minority ethnic groups○ 5.1 Effective nutritional interventions○ 5.2 Health promotion interventions to prevent problems associated with fasting○ 5.3 Priorities for nutritional interventions and health promotion○ 5.4 Using behaviour change models○ 5.5 Current community initiatives○ 5.6 Catering for institutionalised individuals○ 5.7 Recommendations for future research, policy and practiceKey points6Conclusion• Acknowledgements• References Summary: According to the latest census, non‐white minority ethnic groups made up 7.9% of the UK's population in 2001. The largest of these groups were South Asians, Black African‐Caribbeans and Chinese. Studies have shown that some minority ethnic groups are more likely to experience poorer health outcomes compared with the mainstream population. These include higher rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes and obesity. The differences in health outcomes may reflect interactions between diet and other health behaviours, genetic predisposition and developmental programming, all of which vary across different groups. As is the case for the rest of the population, the dietary habits of minority ethnic groups are affected by a wide variety of factors, but acquiring a better understanding of these can help health professionals and educationalists to recognise the needs of these groups and help them to make healthier food choices. Unfortunately, to date, there have been few tailored, well‐designed and evaluated nutritional interventions in the UK targeting minority ethnic population groups. Further needs assessment and better evaluation of nutritional interventions have been recommended to enhance the understanding of the effectiveness of different approaches amongst minority ethnic groups. This briefing paper will provide an overview of the health profile, dietary habits and other health behaviours of the three largest non‐white minority ethnic groups in the UK, explore the factors affecting their food choices, provide a summary of their traditional diets and review the evidence base to identify the factors that support successful nutrition interventions in these groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Li, Ziyi¹, van der Horst, Klazine², Edelson-Fries, Lisa R.² lisa.fries@rdls.nestle.com, Yu, Kai^3,4, You, Lili¹, Zhang, Yumei⁴, Vinyes-Pares, Gerard³, Wang, Peiyu¹, Ma, Defu¹, Yang, Xiaoguang⁵, Qin, Liqiang⁶, Wang, Jiaji⁷

المصدر: Appetite. Jan2017, Vol. 108, p456-463. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *BABY foods, *BODY weight, *FOOD consumption, *TODDLERS, *PARENT-infant relationships, *INGESTION, *CHILD behavior, *DIET, *DIETARY fiber, *CARBOHYDRATE content of food, *FAT content of food, *FOOD preferences, *MEMORY, *NUTRITIONAL assessment, *PSYCHOLOGY of parents, *SENSORY perception, *DIETARY proteins, *MICRONUTRIENTS, *CROSS-sectional method, *PSYCHOLOGY

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: Background: Previous studies have suggested that children that are picky eaters may have a different and less varied diet than non-picky children, but the literature on picky eating in Chinese children is limited.Objectives: To assess the prevalence of picky eating in 6-35 month-old Chinese children, and to explore how parents' perceptions of picky eating relate to children's intake and body composition.Methods: 1414 6-35 month-old infants and toddlers from 8 Chinese cities were included in this study. Questionnaires were used to collect information on family demographic factors, child picky eating behaviors, food group rejection, and parents' perception of child weight status. Dietary intake data was collected via 24-h recall. Children's length/height and weight were measured.Results: The reported prevalence of picky eating was higher in 24-35 month-olds (36% of children) compared to 6-11 month-olds (12%). There were no consistent significant differences in dietary intakes of nutrients between picky and non-picky eaters. Picky eating children whose parents indicated that they avoided eggs had lower intake of this food group compared to non-picky eaters, whereas those reported to avoid grains or meat had higher intakes of those food groups. Weight status was underestimated by parents of both picky and non-picky children.Conclusions: Picky eating seems to occur at similar prevalence rates in China as has been reported in other countries. Parents' perceptions of food refusal do not reflect actual intakes, nor do nutrient intakes of picky eaters show additional gaps compared to non-picky eating children. In healthy children with typical growth patterns, picky eating seems to be a normal phase of development experienced by some children, without substantial consequences on their nutrient or food group intakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]