المؤلفون: Sharifi, Shirin, Bashirian, Saeid, Soltanian, Alireza, Khazaei, Salman

المصدر: Journal of Public Health (09431853); May2024, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p813-818, 6p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MORTALITY risk factors, RISK assessment, CROSS-sectional method, STATISTICAL significance, RESEARCH funding, HOSPITAL care, LOGISTIC regression analysis, SEX distribution, HEMOGLOBINS, CHI-squared test, AGE distribution, LACTATE dehydrogenase, BLOOD sedimentation, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, ALBUMINS, DATA analysis software, COVID-19, OLD age

مصطلحات جغرافية: IRAN

مستخلص: Aim: Identifying risk factors associated with mortality in elderly patients hospitalized with COVID-19 can be helpful in managing the disease in this age group. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors of death in elderly patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Hamadan in 2020. Subject and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on the medical records of 1694 patients aged 60 years and older who were diagnosed with COVID-19 disease between March and August 2020 and were admitted to Shahid Beheshti and Sina Hospitals. A researcher-made checklist included demographic information, clinical information, laboratory results, type of procedures performed for the patient in the hospital, and the number of hospitalization days. Results: The results showed that 30% of the elderly patients died due to COVID-19 complications. The results of adapted logistic regression showed that the variables of gender, age, inpatient ward and laboratory indices of albumin, hemoglobin, ESR, and LDH were the main predictors of COVID-19 related death in elderly patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The rate of COVID-19 related death in the hospitalized elderly patients is remarkable. The death rate increased among male patients, age older than 75 years, hospitalization in the ICU, increased ESR and HDR levels, and decreased albumin and hemoglobin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Hatami, Robabeh, Najmi, Zahra, Tofighi, Shabnam, Oskoei, Atousa Dabiri, Emami, Najmeh, Gholami, Hamideh

المصدر: Journal of Advances in Medical & Biomedical Research; May/Jun2023, Vol. 31 Issue 146, p282-290, 9p

مصطلحات موضوعية: CLINICAL pathology, C-reactive protein, COVID-19, PREGNANCY, MYALGIA, BLOOD urea nitrogen, CROSS-sectional method, WOMEN, MANN Whitney U Test, RETROSPECTIVE studies, TREATMENT effectiveness, T-test (Statistics), MUSCLE weakness, LYMPHOPENIA, COUGH, BLOOD sedimentation, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, LACTATE dehydrogenase, FATIGUE (Physiology), DATA analysis software, FIBRIN fibrinogen degradation products

مصطلحات جغرافية: IRAN

مستخلص: Background & Objective: Pregnancy is a unique immunological condition in which the immune system is affected and therefore there is a greater risk of severe disease and mortality from COVID-19 disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestation, laboratory findings, and adverse outcomes among a population of pregnant women confirmed with COVID 19 infection. Materials & Methods: In present cross-sectional study, all pregnant women with COVID-19 referred to Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan City from February 2020 to August 2021 including 232 patients were examined. We used a researcher-made checklist to extract the required information, including socio-demographic data, potential risk factors, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, and fetal, and neonatal outcomes of the patients. Comparison of laboratory parameters in women with COVID-19 according to ICU admission was made using independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: 47.4%, of women were 30 to 40 years old, 45.7% were illiterate. Weakness, myalgia, dry cough, and fatigue were the most common clinical symptoms (>90%). Patients had abnormal levels of ALT and AST, whereas the means of other laboratory parameters were in the normal range. Forty- one (17.6%) of patients were admitted to the ICU. The means of C - reactive protein (46.58 vs. 25.87), lactate dehydrogenase (586.31 vs. 480.97), Blood urea nitrogen (9.43 vs. 8.26), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (62.40 vs. 46.11) were statistically higher in patients admitted to ICU than those who were not in the ICU (P <0.05). Mortality rates among women who had a vaginal delivery and C-section were 3% and 6.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The most common laboratory findings in COVID-19- infected mothers were lymphopenia and elevated CRP, ALT, D-Dimer, and LDH. An increased hospitalization in ICU and higher rates of mother and fetal death were complications of pregnancy and childbirth in COVID-19- infected women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: BIDABADI, Elham, ALIABADI, Leila AHMADI, KHOSOUSI, Mohammad-Javad, MASHOUF, Parham, SHAHRAKI, Tamkin, TOHIDI, Sepehr, HASANDOKHT, Tolou

المصدر: Iranian Journal of Child Neurology; Winter2023, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p73-80, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: GLUCOSE analysis, CEREBROSPINAL fluid examination, FEBRILE seizures, CROSS-sectional method, HEALTH outcome assessment, MANN Whitney U Test, SEX distribution, LACTATE dehydrogenase, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, DATA analysis software, CHILDREN

مصطلحات جغرافية: IRAN

مستخلص: Objective Tissue damage caused by febrile convulsion has not still been proved or refuted completely. Given the fact that lactate dehydrogenase as an intracellular enzyme can be increased due to tissue damage, we decided to evaluate serum and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase in children with febrile convulsion. Materials & Methods This is a cross-sectional study on 166 children aged 6-24 month, in three groups of simple febrile convulsion (n=56), complex febrile convulsion (n=27) with 3 different subgroups (recurrence in 24 hours, duration >15 minutes, and with focal components), and control (n=83). Patients' serum and cerebrospinal fluid specimens were collected after meeting the inclusion criteria. Demographic information was documented and patients' serum and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase and glucose were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Result The mean serum lactate dehydrogenase in simple febrile convulsion, complex febrile convulsion, and controls were 501.57± 143.70, 553.07±160.22, and 505.87±98.73 U/L, respectively. The mean cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase in simple, complex febrile convulsion, and control groups were 22.58±11.92, 29.48±18.18, and 21.56±17.32 U/L, respectively. Only cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase difference between complex febrile convulsion and control group (p=0.039) (In the duration >15 minutes subgroup and controls, p=0.028) was statistically significant. There was a significant difference between sex and serum lactate dehydrogenase in the same subgroup of complex group (p=0.012). Conclusion Complex febrile convulsion may lead to increase of lactate dehydrogenase in cns of CNS cellular damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Iranian Journal of Child Neurology is the property of Iranian Journal of Child Neurology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Dizaji, Mehdi Kazempour, Jamaati, Hamidreza, Bahrami, Naghmeh, Farzanegan, Behrooz, Rekabi, Mahsa, Dezfuli, Mogtaba Mokhber, Nia, Jalal Heshmat, Madani, Mohammadreza, Daustani, Mahya, Shirian, Sadegh, Masoumi, Ladan, Ghaemi, Amir, Narimani, Armita, Khakbaz, Mehran, Mohamadnia, Abdolreza, Varahram, Mohammad, Velayati, Ali Akbar

المصدر: Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology; Sep/Oct2022, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p412-419, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: RNA analysis, BIOMARKERS, CYTOKINES, INTERLEUKINS, TRANSFORMING growth factors-beta, REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, INTENSIVE care units, COVID-19, INFLAMMATION, CROSS-sectional method, SERUM, BLOOD collection, VITAMIN D, GENE expression, SEVERITY of illness index, INTERFERONS, T-test (Statistics), NEUTROPHIL lymphocyte ratio, TUMOR necrosis factors, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, LACTATE dehydrogenase, GENE expression profiling, DATA analysis software, SPECTROPHOTOMETRY, BLOOD

مصطلحات جغرافية: IRAN

مستخلص: Background and Aim: The COVID-19 disease is an emerging infectious disease that appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. An uncontrolled systemic inflammatory response is one of the primary mechanisms causing death in this disease. In this study, the expression levels of some inflammatory cytokines, vitamin D, and some hematological and biochemical parameters were compared in patients with severe COVID-19 and mild types. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 60 blood samples were taken from 30 severe coronavirus patients and 30 mild coronavirus patients. The expression levels of cytokines such as IL (interleukin)-6, interferon (IFN)-α, IL-12, transforming growth factor (TGF) β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were evaluated using Real-time PCR. A T-test was used for Statistical Analysis. Results: IL-6, IFN-α, IL-12, TGF-β, IL-8, and TNF-α cytokines in the peripheral blood of severe patients, were positive in 28/30 (93.33%), 27/30 (90%), 24/30 (80%), 25/30 (83.33%), 26/30 (86.66%), and 27/30 (90%) respectively. The positive rate of these cytokines in the mild patients were 20/30 (66.67%), 21/30 (70%), 18/30 (60%), 17/30 (56.67%), 19/30 (63.33%), 18/30 (60%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these two groups in terms of cytokines biomarkers. A significant difference was found between both groups in terms of the serum level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the mean number of lymphocytes and neutrophils as well as the mean percentage of neutrophils/ lymphocytes ratio (NLR). Conclusion: The expression of cytokine genes and their release into the peripheral blood was increased in both severe and mild patients with COVID-19. However, they were more intense in patients with severe symptoms than those with mild symptoms and can cause inflammatory and even destructive reactions. Vitamin D deficiency plays no role in causing severe COVID-19 in patients without risk factors. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by elevated serum levels of LDH and NLR≥3.45. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Luyeh, Maryam Sharifi, Ashraf, Ali, Souri, Zobin, Mojtahedi, Ali, Ansar, Malek Masoud

المصدر: Iranian Journal of Medical Microbiology; May/Jun2022, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p259-266, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MORTALITY risk factors, HOSPITALS, BLOOD pressure, LIVER function tests, COVID-19, FEVER, TIME, RETROSPECTIVE studies, PATIENTS, DIABETES, HOSPITAL admission & discharge, LYMPHOPENIA, SEX distribution, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, COUGH, LEUKOCYTE count, LACTATE dehydrogenase, BLOOD sedimentation

مصطلحات جغرافية: IRAN

مستخلص: Background and Aim: In December 2019, a new type of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan and quickly spread worldwide. This study was designed to investigate the clinical symptoms of the COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we collected data of 132 COVID-19 dead patients. Demographic, epidemiological, and clinical data and laboratory test results were analyzed on days 1, 3, and 6 of admission. Results: Most cases were in the 66-75 age group, 64.39% of which were males. Three days after admission, 55.3% of patients died. The most frequent clinical manifestations were dry cough (70.45%) and fever (54.54%), which increased during hospitalization. Diabetes and blood pressure were reported as the most prevalent underlying diseases. Lymphopenia and an increase in leucocyte number were observed in most patients. ESR (92.5%) and LDH (94.64%) levels were above normal. Furthermore, 42.85% and 44.73% of patients had elevated ALT and AST levels, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that males are more likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-19. Underlying diseases were common among patients and clinical and laboratory symptoms aggravated with a rise in hospitalization time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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العنوان البديل: Effect of one-week supplementation of Citrulline-malate, L-arginine and their combination on CK, LDH and CRP levels in male wrestlers following simulated wrestling test. (English)

المؤلفون: امير شکيب, رامين اميرساسان, جواد وکيلی

المصدر: Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; 2021, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p201-208, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: C-reactive protein, EXPERIMENTAL design, STATISTICS, AEROBIC exercises, ANALYSIS of variance, CREATINE kinase, WRESTLING, EXERCISE physiology, DIETARY supplements, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, LACTATE dehydrogenase, BLIND experiment, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, AMINO acids, STATISTICAL sampling, ANAEROBIC exercises, DATA analysis

مصطلحات جغرافية: IRAN

مستخلص: Background: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of one-week supplementation of citrullinemalate, L-arginine and their combination on aerobic and anaerobic powers, CK, LDH and CRP levels in male wrestlers. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male wrestlers (aged 19-25 years; weight 60-90 kg; body fat percent 12- 20%) in a randomized and double-blind design were divided in four equal citrulline-malate (Cit; 4g/days), L-arginine (Arg; 4g/days), their combination (2g/days Arg + 2g/days Cit) and placebo (dextrose; P) group. Before and after supplementation one week period, all subjects were participated in a competition like wrestling. Each test consisted of two 3 min periods of arm-cranking at maximal executable cadence against resistance of 0.1 kg ∙ kg−1 body mass interspersed with 30-s recovery periods between consecutive tests. Blood samples were obtained in the 4 phases: one hour before and 5 min after two competitions like wrestling protocols. Creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were analyzed. Change any of the parameters (mean and standard deviation) of four stages repeated ANOVA and post hoc tests. The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Based on the present results, the Cit and Arg + Cit supplementation attenuated the exercise-induced increase in response of CK (p<0.05). However, the Arg supplementation had not any significant effect on the exercise-induced increase response of serum CK. Also, the Arg, Cit and Arg + Cit supplementation had not any significant effect on the exercise-induced increase response of total serum LDH and CRP. Conclusion: Based on the present results, it can be concluded that the one week citrulline-malate with L-arginine supplementation is more effective than the citrulline-malate or L-arginine supplementation to overcome the exerciseinduced adverse responses in some muscle injury parameters. Therefore, combination of citrulline-malate and Larginine supplementation is recommended to reduce exercise-induced adverse consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Shi, Li, Wang, Ying, Yang, Haiyan, Duan, Guangcai, Wang, Yadong

المصدر: American Journal of Perinatology; 2020, Vol. 37 Issue 10, p1070-1073, 4p

مصطلحات موضوعية: BLOOD sedimentation, C-reactive protein, CONFIDENCE intervals, CLINICAL pathology, LACTATE dehydrogenase, MEDLINE, NEUTROPHILS, ONLINE information services, FIRST trimester of pregnancy, SECOND trimester of pregnancy, THIRD trimester of pregnancy, PREGNANT women, SERUM albumin, SYSTEMATIC reviews, DISEASE prevalence, VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases), FIBRIN fibrinogen degradation products, LYMPHOPENIA, DATA analysis software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, LEUKOCYTE count, LYMPHOCYTE count, COVID-19, PREGNANCY

مصطلحات جغرافية: CANADA, CHINA, IRAN, SOUTH Korea, PERU, SWEDEN, UNITED States

مستخلص: The article offers information on the laboratory abnormalities in pregnant women with Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019. It mentions that Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), sustained by the causative agent called severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus- 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its impact on pregnant women; also focuses on role of laboratory medicine.

المؤلفون: Kazemi Aski, Soudabeh¹, Hajar Sharami, Seyedeh¹ sharami@gums.ac.ir, Hosseinzadeh, Fatemeh¹, Hesni, Ezat¹, Dalil Heirati, Seyedeh Fatemeh¹, Ghalandari, Maryam², Mousavi, Atefeh¹

المصدر: Archives of Iranian Medicine (AIM). Dec2020, Vol. 23 Issue 12, p856-863. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CESAREAN section, *COUGH, *CLINICAL pathology, *DYSPNEA, *FEVER, *PREMATURE infants, *LACTATE dehydrogenase, *RESEARCH methodology, *MYALGIA, *POLYMERASE chain reaction, *PREGNANT women, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *LYMPHOPENIA, *DATA analysis software, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *COVID-19, *PREGNANCY

مصطلحات جغرافية: IRAN

مستخلص: Background: Due to the physiological changes in the body during pregnancy, the increased susceptibility to viral infections during this period and also the high prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the Guilan province, Iran, this study aimed to evaluate risk factors, clinical symptoms, laboratory findings and imaging of pregnant mothers with COVID-19. Methods: In this descriptive study, 70 pregnant women aged 17--41 years with COVID-19 who were hospitalized from early March to late April 2020 were enrolled. Sampling was performed by census and from all hospitals in Guilan. The research instruments included a researcher-made questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, medical examinations, and paraclinical results. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 16. Frequency and percent were used to describe qualitative variables; for quantitative variables, if they were normally distributed, mean and standard deviation were used, and if they were non-normal, median and interquartile range (IQR) were used. Results: The most severe symptoms recorded in mothers at the time of hospitalization were fever (47%), shortness of breath (16%) and cough (15%), respectively. One of 68 (1%) was in the severe stage of the disease and two mothers (2%) were in critical condition and admitted to the intensive care unit and finally died. Fifty-five of 66 women (83%) had lymphopenia, 22 of 42 (52%) tested positive on PCR, and 30 of 33 (90%) had an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Results showed that 15 of 32 patients who gave birth had preterm delivery (46%). Conclusion: The most common manifestations of the disease in pregnant women were fever, cough and shortness of breath, and in some cases muscle pain. The most common laboratory finding in infected mothers was lymphopenia. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth in women included an increase in cesarean delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Hormati, Ahmad^1,2, Foroghi Ghomi, Seyed Yaser³, Sohrabi, Masoudreza² Sohrab_r@yahoo.com, Jafari, Saeede¹, Jabbari, Amir⁴, Aminnejad, Reza⁵, Afifian, Mahboubeh⁶, RakhshanKhah, Elham², Ahmadpour, Sajjad¹

المصدر: Archives of Iranian Medicine (AIM). Dec2020, Vol. 23 Issue 12, p864-869. 6p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *AGE distribution, *BLOOD sedimentation, *C-reactive protein, *CHRONIC diseases, *CREATININE, *DEAD, *CLINICAL pathology, *DISEASES, *LACTATE dehydrogenase, *NEUTROPHILS, *RISK assessment, *RETROSPECTIVE studies, *DISEASE progression, *ELECTRONIC health records, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *COVID-19, MORTALITY risk factors

مصطلحات جغرافية: IRAN

مستخلص: Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic health problem worldwide. In this study, we attempted to explain the clinical and laboratories characteristics of non-surviving patients, to identify the probable factors affecting disease progression. Methods: In a retrospective study, we assessed the data from dead adult patients who were hospitalized and laboratory diagnosed with COVID-19 during March 2020. The data were obtained from electronic medical records. Moreover, a checklist including demographic, clinical, laboratorial, imaging, and treatment data was completed for each one of the patients. In case of lack of information, a member of the research team contacted the first-degree relatives via phone. Results: Totally, 50 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 68.0 ± 14.1 years. Of them, 29 (58%) patients were male. Notably, the median (IQR) hospitalization time was 4.0 (2.7--6.2) days and the duration between the first symptoms to death was 10.0 (5.0--14.5) days. Also, pre-existing morbidity was reported in 42 (84%) patients, and hypertension was the most common one with 28 (54%) patients. Interestingly, body temperature more than 37.5°C was reported in only 20 (40%) patients. Nevertheless, neutrophilia (≥7109 /L) and lymphopenia (<1.0 109/L) were observed in 27 (54%) and 29 (58%) patients, respectively. Also, elevated levels of creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were common, which may be indicators of aggravation of the patients' status. Conclusion: Besides age and underlying diseases, elevated creatinine level, neutrophil count, and the inflammatory indices along with the reduced lymphocyte count can be considered as indicators of disease progression. Hence, they should be considered for admission and surveillance of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Allameh, Seyed Farshad¹, Nemati, Saeed², Ghalehtaki, Reza^3,4, Mohammadnejad, Esmaeil⁵, Aghili, Seyed Mojtaba⁶, Khajavirad, Nasim⁷, Beigmohammadi, Mohammad-Taghi⁸, Salehi, Mohammadreza⁹, Mirfazaelian, Hadi, Edalatifard, Maryam^10,11, Kazemizadeh, Hossein^10,11, Dehghan Manshadi, Seyed Ali⁹, Hasannezhad, Maliheh⁹, Amoozadeh, Laya⁸, Radnia, Masoud⁷, Khatami, Seyedeh Rana¹¹, Nahvijou, Azin², Seyyedsalehi, Monireh Sadat², Rashidian, Laleh¹², Yazdi, Niloofar Ayoobi¹³

المصدر: Archives of Iranian Medicine (AIM). Nov2020, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p766-775. 10p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *AGE distribution, *ARTIFICIAL respiration, *C-reactive protein, *COMPUTED tomography, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *DEATH, *LENGTH of stay in hospitals, *HOSPITALS, *HOSPITAL admission & discharge, *INTENSIVE care units, *LACTATE dehydrogenase, *PATIENTS, *REGRESSION analysis, *RNA, *COMORBIDITY, *SYMPTOMS, *TREATMENT effectiveness, *DISEASE incidence, *SEVERITY of illness index, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *COVID-19, *HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE

مصطلحات جغرافية: IRAN

مستخلص: Background: We studied the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 905 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex (IKHC), Tehran, Iran. Methods: COVID-19 patients were recruited based on clinical symptoms and patterns of computed tomography (CT) imaging between February 20 and March 19. All patients were tested for the presence of COVID-19 RNA. The Poisson regression model estimated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for different parameters. Results: The average age (± standard deviation) was 56.9 (±15.7) years and 61.77% were male. The most common symptoms were fever (93.59%), dry cough (79.78%), and dyspnea (75.69%). Only 43.76% of patients were positive for the RT-PCR COVID-19 test. Prevalence of lymphopenia was 42.9% and more than 90% had elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or C-reactive protein (CRP). About 11% were severe cases, and 13.7% died in the hospital. The median length of stay (LOS) was 3 days. We found higher risks of mortality in patients who were older than 70 years (IRR = 11.77, 95% CI 3.63--38.18), underwent mechanical ventilation (IRR = 7.36, 95% CI 5.06--10.7), were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (IRR = 5.47, 95% CI 4.00--8.38), tested positive on the COVID-19 test (IRR = 2.80, 95% CI 1.64--3.55), and reported a history of comorbidity (IRR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.07--2.89) compared to their corresponding reference groups. Hydroxychloroquine therapy was not associated with mortality in our study. Conclusion: Older age, experiencing a severe form of the disease, and having a comorbidity were the most important prognostic factors for COVID-19 infection. Larger studies are needed to perform further subgroup analyses and verify high-risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]