المؤلفون: Hald, Stine, Schioldan, Anne Grethe, Moore, Mary E, Dige, Anders, Lærke, Helle Nygaard, Agnholt, Jørgen, Knudsen, Knud Erik Bach, Hermansen, Kjeld, Marco, Maria L, Gregersen, Søren, Dahlerup, Jens F

المصدر: PLOS ONE. 11(7)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Prevention, Complementary and Integrative Health, Nutrition, Digestive Diseases, Oral and gastrointestinal, Aged, Bifidobacterium, Cross-Over Studies, Dietary Fiber, Energy Metabolism, Fatty Acids, Volatile, Feces, Female, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Gastrointestinal Tract, Humans, Male, Metabolic Syndrome, Microbiota, Middle Aged, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Starch, Xylans, General Science & Technology

الوصف: Recently, the intestinal microbiota has been emphasised as an important contributor to the development of metabolic syndrome. Dietary fibre may exert beneficial effects through modulation of the intestinal microbiota and metabolic end products. We investigated the effects of a diet enriched with two different dietary fibres, arabinoxylan and resistant starch type 2, on the gut microbiome and faecal short-chain fatty acids. Nineteen adults with metabolic syndrome completed this randomised crossover study with two 4-week interventions of a diet enriched with arabinoxylan and resistant starch and a low-fibre Western-style diet. Faecal samples were collected before and at the end of the interventions for fermentative end-product analysis and 16S ribosomal RNA bacterial gene amplification for identification of bacterial taxa. Faecal carbohydrate residues were used to verify compliance. The diet enriched with arabinoxylan and resistant starch resulted in significant reductions in the total species diversity of the faecal-associated intestinal microbiota but also increased the heterogeneity of bacterial communities both between and within subjects. The proportion of Bifidobacterium was increased by arabinoxylan and resistant starch consumption (P

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6sf2n1d1Test

المؤلفون: Mellbye, Fredrik Drews, Hermansen, Kjeld, Jeppesen, Per Bendix, Gregersen, Søren

المصدر: Mellbye , F D , Hermansen , K , Jeppesen , P B & Gregersen , S 2023 , ' Acute effects of the coffee diterpene cafestol on glucose metabolism in non-diabetic subjects with abdominal obesity ' , The Review of Diabetic Studies , vol. 19 , no. 2 , pp. 34-42 . https://doi.org/10.1900/RDS.2023.19.34Test

مصطلحات موضوعية: cafestol, coffee, cross-over studies, humans, insulin resistance, obesity, randomized controlled trial, type 2 diabetes mellitus

الوصف: Objectives: Coffee consumption is associated with a reduced risk of Type-2 Diabetes. A bioactive compound in coffee, cafestol, has shown potential preventive effects for Type-2 Diabetes in cell and animal studies, but its potential benefits in humans have not been examined. Methods: In this randomized, double-blinded crossover intervention study, 15 healthy participants with increased waist circumference and thus elevated risk of developing Type-2 Diabetes underwent three oral glucose tolerance tests one week apart, with placebo, 7 mg-or 14 mg cafestol capsules ingested with the glucose load. Results: There were no substantial differences in area under the curve (AUC) for glucose, insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) or gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) on placebo or cafestol intervention study days. Among participants with impaired glucose tolerance and/or elevated fasting glucose (n=8, 53%), ingestion of 14 mg of cafestol resulted in an 11% larger AUC for GIP (p=0.046) and a 5% smaller AUC for glucose (p=0.14), compared to placebo. Conclusions: Our results suggest that cafestol may contribute to coffee's inverse association with risk of Type-2 Diabetes, particularly in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, possibly through increased GIP secretion. Further studies are needed to confirm these novel findings in participants with impaired glucose metabolism, both after acute and longer-term cafestol intervention.

العلاقة: https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/af7b0d08-12ef-44d5-bfd9-866f198c31d5Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1900/RDS.2023.19.34Test
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/af7b0d08-12ef-44d5-bfd9-866f198c31d5Test

المؤلفون: Schioldan, Anne Grethe, Gregersen, Søren, Hald, Stine, Bjørnshave, Ann, Bohl, Mette, Hartmann, Bolette, Holst, Jens Juul, Stødkilde-Jørgensen, Hans, Hermansen, Kjeld

المصدر: Schioldan , A G , Gregersen , S , Hald , S , Bjørnshave , A , Bohl , M , Hartmann , B , Holst , J J , Stødkilde-Jørgensen , H & Hermansen , K 2018 , ' Effects of a diet rich in arabinoxylan and resistant starch compared with a diet rich in refined carbohydrates on postprandial metabolism and features of the metabolic syndrome ' , European Journal of Nutrition , vol. 57 , no. 2 , pp. 795-807 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1369-8Test

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Aged, Biomarkers, Cross-Over Studies, Diet, Western/adverse effects, Dietary Fiber/metabolism, Digestion, Dyslipidemias/blood, Female, Food Handling, Humans, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use, Inflammation Mediators/blood, Insulin Resistance, Male, Metabolic Syndrome/diet therapy, Middle Aged, Models, Statistical, Postprandial Period, Starch/metabolism, Whole Grains, Xylans/metabolism

الوصف: Purpose: Low intake of dietary fibre is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes. Dyslipidaemia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Knowledge of the impact of dietary fibres on postprandial lipaemia is, however, sparse. This study aimed in subjects with metabolic syndrome to assess the impact on postprandial lipaemia and features of the metabolic syndrome of a healthy carbohydrate diet (HCD) rich in cereal fibre, arabinoxylan and resistant starch compared to a refined-carbohydrate western-style diet (WSD). Methods: Nineteen subjects completed the randomised, crossover study with HCD and WCD for 4-week. Postprandial metabolism was evaluated by a meal-challenge test and insulin sensitivity was assessed by HOMA-IR and Matsuda index. Furthermore, fasting cholesterols, serum-fructosamine, circulating inflammatory markers, ambulatory blood pressure and intrahepatic lipid content were measured. Results: We found no diet effects on postprandial lipaemia. However, there was a significant diet × statin interaction on total cholesterol (P = 0.02) and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.002). HCD decreased total cholesterol (−0.72 mmol/l, 95% CI (−1.29; −0.14) P = 0.03) and LDL cholesterol (−0.61 mmol/l, 95% CI (−0.86; −0.36) P = 0.002) compared with WSD in subjects on but not without statin treatment. We detected no other significant diet effects. Conclusions: In subjects with metabolic syndrome on statins a 4-week diet rich in arabinoxylan and resistant starch improved fasting LDL and total cholesterol compared to subjects not being on statins. However, we observed no diet related impact on postprandial lipaemia or features of the metabolic syndrome. The dietary fibre x statin interaction deserves further elucidation.

العلاقة: https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/1d335616-1143-4698-92b6-541d4f1234faTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1369-8Test
https://pure.au.dk/portal/en/publications/1d335616-1143-4698-92b6-541d4f1234faTest

المؤلفون: Gregersen, Søren, Jeppesen, Per B, Holst, Jens Juul, Hermansen, Kjeld

المصدر: Gregersen , S , Jeppesen , P B , Holst , J J & Hermansen , K 2004 , ' Antihyperglycemic effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic subjects ' , Metabolism , vol. 53 , no. 1 , pp. 73-76 .

مصطلحات موضوعية: Aged, Blood Glucose, Cross-Over Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Diterpenes, Kaurane, Diuresis, Fatty Acids, Nonesterified, Female, Food, Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide, Glucagon, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Glucosides, Glycosuria, Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Kinetics, Male, Middle Aged, Peptide Fragments, Placebos, Protein Precursors, Triglycerides

الوصف: Stevioside is present in the plant Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (SrB). Extracts of SrB have been used for the treatment of diabetes in, for example, Brazil, although a positive effect on glucose metabolism has not been unequivocally demonstrated. We studied the acute effects of stevioside in type 2 diabetic patients. We hypothesize that supplementation with stevioside to a test meal causes a reduction in postprandial blood glucose. Twelve type 2 diabetic patients were included in an acute, paired cross-over study. A standard test meal was supplemented with either 1 g of stevioside or 1 g of maize starch (control). Blood samples were drawn at 30 minutes before and for 240 minutes after ingestion of the test meal. Compared to control, stevioside reduced the incremental area under the glucose response curve by 18% (P =.013). The insulinogenic index (AUC(i,insulin)/AUC(i,glucose)) was increased by approximately 40% by stevioside compared to control (P

الإتاحة: https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/antihyperglycemic-effects-of-stevioside-in-type-2-diabetic-subjectsTest(ac0fd7c8-feb2-4cc3-8913-f13252e4fbd1).html