المؤلفون: PeterL. Lantos, IanP. Everall, A. Chadwick, Yuken Fukutani, Kiminori Isaki, NigelJ. Cairns

المصدر: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 10:81-88

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Myoclonus, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Cognitive Neuroscience, Cell Count, Disease, Neurological disorder, Biology, Central nervous system disease, Degenerative disease, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, Humans, Pathological, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Neurons, Brain, Organ Size, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Psychiatry and Mental health, Dentate nucleus, Cerebellar Nuclei, nervous system, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Alzheimer's disease, medicine.symptom

الوصف: Although myoclonus commonly occurs in a later stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the pathological basis of this symptom is still unclear. In order to elucidate the neuropathological substrate of myoclonus in AD, we quantitatively assessed neuronal density and volume, with a discrimination between small and large neurons, at the rostral and caudal parts in the cerebellar dentate nucleus of 8 AD patients with myoclonus, 10 AD patients without myoclonus and 9 controls, using stereological probes. The neuronal numerical density of the large neurons at the rostral part and of total counts (rostral and caudal parts) in the myoclonic AD group were significantly greater than in the nonmyoclonic AD group. There were no significant differences in the density of small neurons between the two AD groups. The ratio of small neurons to large neurons (S/L ratio) of total counts was significantly lower in AD with myoclonus than in AD without myoclonus. The mean neuronal volume of the large neurons at the rostral part was significantly greater in myoclonic AD than in nonmyoclonic AD. Conversely, the volume of the small neurons at the rostral part was significantly lower in myoclonic AD than in nonmyoclonic AD. This study, for the first time, shows an increase in mean volume of large neurons and a decrease in mean volume of small neurons as well as a change in the S/L ratio in the dentate nucleus in AD with myoclonus. An imbalance in the S/L ratio as well as morphological changes of these neurons in the dentate nucleus may contribute to the pathological substrate of myoclonus in AD.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::03f17f85c569e4381ab3f6eb9eea06efTest
https://doi.org/10.1159/000017106Test

المؤلفون: Kiminori Isaki, Ichiro Nakamura, T. Terada, Nariyoshi Yamaguchi, K. Kobayashi, K. Miyazu, N. Takeuchi, Yuken Fukutani

المصدر: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 6:235-240

مصطلحات موضوعية: Hallucinations, Cognitive Neuroscience, Striatonigral Degeneration, Subcortical dementia, Degeneration (medical), Central nervous system disease, Degenerative disease, Olivopontocerebellar atrophy, Tremor, Basal ganglia, medicine, Humans, Dementia, Putamen, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Corpus Striatum, Substantia Nigra, Psychiatry and Mental health, Olivopontocerebellar Atrophies, Female, Autopsy, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychology, Neuroscience

الوصف: We present an autopsied case of striatonigral degeneration (SND) combined with olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) with subcortical dementia and hallucinatory state. A Japanese woman without a remarkable family history showed hand tremor at the age of 35 years, followed by bradykinesia, muscle rigidity, orthostatic hypotension, neurogenic bladder and pyramidal signs. No obvious cerebellar symptoms were found. Various antiparkinsonian drugs were administered, but were not markedly effective for the parkinsonism. She developed a mild dementia characterized by mild memory disturbance with preservation of orientation, slowing of thought processes, emotional Iability toward sadness, impaired ability to manipulate acquired knowledge and poor calculating, and by the absence of aphasia, apraxia and agnosia. The features in this patient were consistent with those seen in subcortical dementia. She also had auditory hallucinations. MRI revealed hypointense T2 signals in the putamina and substantia nigra. T1-weighted MRI demonstrated atrophy of both the pons and cerebellum in addition to atrophy of the putamina and substantia nigra. EEG showed slowing of background activity. She died of cardiac failure at the age of 47. Autopsy disclosed brain stem tegmental atrophy, SND, OPCA and many glial cytoplasmic inclusions in the central nervous system, but well-preseved cerebrum. We discuss the relationship between the psychiatric symptoms and pathologic findings of brain stem tegmentum.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e7fd5500b2d4ed63ee9ae3c5ef5d55bfTest
https://doi.org/10.1159/000106952Test

المؤلفون: Yuken Fukutani, K. Kobayashi, K. Miyazu, T. Aoki, F. Muramori, Nariyoshi Yamaguchi, M. Hayashi, M. Seki

المصدر: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 5:57-61

مصطلحات موضوعية: Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Cognitive Neuroscience, Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor, Biology, Nucleus basalis, Prosencephalon, Internal medicine, medicine, Neuropil, Animals, Tissue Distribution, Rats, Wistar, Cholinergic neuron, Neurons, Basal forebrain, Medial septal nucleus, Staining and Labeling, Immunohistochemistry, Diagonal band of Broca, Rats, Psychiatry and Mental health, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Nerve growth factor, nervous system, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Nucleus

الوصف: Morphometrical changes with aging in nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) immunoreactive neurons in the basal forebrain were studied in juvenile and aged rat brains by means of NGFR immunohistochemistry. The nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) had cell loss and atrophy of NGFR immunoreactive neurons, and the horizontal nucleus of diagonal band of Broca (HNDB) showed only atrophy of these neurons. The medial septal nucleus and vertical nucleus of diagonal band of Broca had no significant change. Neuropil NGFR immunostaining was reduced in its intensity in the aged rats. As nerve growth factor is synthesized in the target areas and retrogradely transported to the nerve cell body within the basal forebrain and NGFR immunoreactive neurons are largely cholinergic ones, degeneration of NGFR-positive neurons in the basal forebrain may be related to a decreased cholinergic activity. The degeneration of the dendrites of NGFR-immunoreactive neurons were reported to be extensively found in the basal forebrain nuclei, in contrast, degeneration of the cell body of NGFR-immunoreactive neurons was confined to those in the NBM and HNDB in the present study. These findings suggest that atrophic changes in the dendrites precede those in the cell bodies of NGFR-immunoreactive neurons.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0a5cb1c812af1c1d032b5fcca0baa679Test
https://doi.org/10.1159/000106698Test

المؤلفون: K. Watanabe, K. Katsukawa, Ichiro Nakamura, Yuken Fukutani, K. Kobayashi, N. Yamaguchi, K. Miyazu

المصدر: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 3:95-100

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy, business.industry, Cognitive Neuroscience, Subcortical dementia, Autopsy, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Olivopontocerebellar atrophy, mental disorders, medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Family history, Psychiatry, business

الوصف: An autopsied case of sporadic olivopontocerebellar atrophy with ''subcortical dementia'' and hallucinatory paranoid state is reported. A Japanese woman without a remarkable family history showed cerebellar ataxia at the age of 61 years, followed by muscle rigidity, pyramidal signs, peripheral amyotrophy and ophthalmoplegia. She had paranoid delusion and visual and auditory hallucinations. She also developed a dementia characterized by mild memory disturbance with preservation of orientation, slowing of thought processes, affective changes including apathy and depression, impaired ability to manipulate acquired knowledge and the absence of aphasia, apraxia and agnosia. These features were consistent with those seen in subcortical dementia, first proposed by Albert. Autopsy revealed pontine tegmental atrophy in addition to a marked atrophy of the inferior olivary nucleus, pontine basis and cerebellum, in contrast to a relatively well-preserved cerebrum. The peculiar psychotic features including dementia found in the patient are discussed from a clinicopathological standpoint.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::11b8ff1cd718b245c9e1b7292c8a9890Test
https://doi.org/10.1159/000107001Test

المؤلفون: Rokuro Matsubara, Yuken Fukutani, Ichiro Nakamura, Nariyoshi Yamaguchi, K. Kobayashi, Kazuhiko Katsukawa

المصدر: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. 3:38-43

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Joseph Disease, Cognitive Neuroscience, Subcortical dementia, medicine.disease, Developmental psychology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mild dementia, medicine, Dementia, Neurological findings, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Psychology, Psychiatry

الوصف: We clinically studied 4 patients with Joseph disease in a Japanese family, who developed mild dementia, and neuropathologically examined one autopsied case among them. Neurological findings included cerebellar ataxia, progressive external ophthalmoplegia, peripheral amyotrophy, and pyramidal signs. Mental state examination revealed mild impairment of intelligence. The dementia was characterized by mild memory disturbance with preservation of orientation, slowing of thought processes, affective changes including apathy and depression, impaired ability to manipulate acquired knowledge, and the absence of aphasia, apraxia and agnosia. CT demonstrated severe atrophy of the brain stem and severe dilatation of the fourth ventricle with mild atrophy of the cerebral and cerebellar hemispheres. EEG showed slowing of background activity. The autopsied case showed atrophy of the tegmentum of the brain stem in addition to the common pathological findings of Joseph disease. The features of dementia in the 4 patients were similar to those seen in ‘subcortical dementia’, suggesting that its pathological basis may be involvement of the tegmentum of the brain stem.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::ebcb2398b1105d2e08c7d84704135458Test
https://doi.org/10.1159/000106992Test

المؤلفون: F. Koshino, Yuken Fukutani, M. Mukai, K. Kobayashi, T. Aoki, K. Miyazu, F. Muramori, M. Hayashi

المصدر: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. 9(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Amyloid, Tissue Fixation, Anticorps monoclonal, Cognitive Neuroscience, Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic, Plaque, Amyloid, Biology, Degenerative disease, Alzheimer Disease, Antigens, CD, medicine, Humans, Senile plaques, Ubiquitins, Aged, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Neurofibrillary tangle, Neurofibrillary Tangles, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Female, Microglia, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Alzheimer's disease, Lysosomes, Immunostaining, Biomarkers

الوصف: KP-1 immunostaining with microwave pretreatment in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections enhanced its immunoreactivity revealing extraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) called ghost tangles, senile plaques (SPs) and perivascular deposits as well as microglial labelling in Alzheimer-diseased brains. KP-1 stained cored and uncored SPs, granules within the SPs, perivascular beta-amyloid protein (beta AP) and star-like beta AP deposits in cortical layer I, which was confirmed in comparison to silver-impregnated structures in the Reusche-stained or Gallyas-Schiff-stained sections. On double immunostaining with KP-1 and ubiquitin, ghost tangles were labelled by KP-1 and intraneuronal NFTs were positive for ubiquitin. A few KP-1-positive granules deposits different from amyloid core were found within the SPs and the outer margin of amyloid cores of SPs were stained by KP-1. KP-1-positive microglia were attached to the ubiquitin-positive intraneuronal NFTs. Microglia were more numerously labelled by CR3/43 than by KP-1, and CR3/43-positive microglia were found to be preferentially attached to SPs. As KP-1 recognizes lysosome-associated antigen CD68, similarities between KP-1 positivity and Reusche-stained structures suggested that lysosomal activity was associated with beta AP deposits and ghost tangles were involved in lysosome-associated processes. It is speculated that lysosomes play a role in the process of ghost tangle formation and in beta AP deposits leading to SP formation.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::12e7d7532b903679ebfc8207c252a03bTest
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9469259Test