المؤلفون: Sun, Shengzhi¹ (AUTHOR) Shengzhi_Sun@Brown.edu, Weinberger, Kate R.¹ (AUTHOR), Spangler, Keith R.¹ (AUTHOR), Eliot, Melissa N.¹ (AUTHOR), Braun, Joseph M.¹ (AUTHOR), Wellenius, Gregory A.¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Environment International. May2019, Vol. 126, p7-13. 7p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PREMATURE labor, *COLD (Temperature), *CHILDBIRTH, *PREGNANT women, *COMMON cold, *CHORIOAMNIONITIS, *THERMAL tolerance (Physiology)

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED States

مستخلص: Abstract Background Days of extreme temperature may be associated with transiently higher risk of preterm birth, but prior studies have been limited and results have been heterogeneous. Objectives To evaluate the association between days of extreme heat and cold and risk of preterm birth among ~32 million live singleton births between 1989 and 2002 across 403 counties in the contiguous United States (US). Methods We used a distributed lag nonlinear model to estimate the association between population-weighted daily mean temperature and risk of preterm birth in each county and then pooled results across geographic regions and climate zones. We defined extreme heat and cold as the 95th and 5th percentile of the county-specific temperatures, respectively. Results Preterm birth accounted for 9.3% of deliveries. There was a monotonic association between ambient temperature and risk of preterm birth. Days of extreme heat and cold were associated with a relative risk of preterm birth of 1.025 (95% CI: 1.015, 1.036) and 0.985 (95% CI: 0.976, 0.993) over the subsequent four days, respectively, relative to the county-specific median temperature. If causal, the fraction of preterm births attributable to extreme heat was 0.17% (empirical 95% CI: 0.14%, 0.19%), corresponding to 154 (empirical 95% CI: 127, 173) preterm births per million births. Extreme heat was more strongly associated with preterm birth in regions with colder and drier climates, and among younger women. Days of extreme cold temperature were associated with lower rather than higher risk of preterm birth. Conclusions Days of extreme heat, but not extreme cold, are associated with higher risk of preterm birth in the contiguous US. If causal, these results may have important implications for the management of pregnant women during forecasted periods of extreme heat. Highlights • We examined the association between extreme temperature and PTB in the contiguous US. • Days of extreme heat were associated with higher risk of preterm birth. • The association was stronger in regions with typically colder and drier climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Leneuve-Dorilas, Malika¹ malika.leneuve@hotmail.fr, Favre, Anne¹, Carles, Gabriel², Louis, Alphonse¹, Nacher, Mathieu¹

المصدر: Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. Apr2019, Vol. 32 Issue 8, p1388-1396. 9p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PREMATURE labor, *DISEASE risk factors, *CHILDBIRTH, *BIRTH rate, *HEALTH

مصطلحات جغرافية: FRENCH Guiana, SOUTH America

مستخلص: Objectives: French Guiana has the highest birth rate in South America. This French territory also has the highest premature birth rate and perinatal mortality rate of all French territories. The objective was to determine the premature birth rate and to identify the prevalence of risk factors of premature birth in French Guiana.Methods: A retrospective study of all births in French Guiana was conducted between January 2013 and December 2014 using the computerized registry compiling all live births over 22 weeks of gestation on the territory.Results: During this period 12 983 live births were reported on the territory. 13.5% of newborns were born before 37 (1755/12 983). The study of the registry revealed that common sociodemographic risk factors of prematurity were present. In addition, past obstetrical history was also important: a scarred uterus increased the risk of prematurity adjusted odds ratio =1.4, 95%CI (1.2-1.6). Similarly, obstetrical surveillance, the absence of preparation for birth or of prenatal interview increased the risk of prematurity by 2.4 and 2.3, the excess fraction in the population was 69% and 72.2%, respectively.Conclusions: Known classical risk factors are important. In the present study excess fractions were calculated in order to prioritize interventions to reduce the prematurity rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Silveira, Mariangela F¹ (AUTHOR) mariangelafreitassilveira@gmail.com, Victora, Cesar G² (AUTHOR), Horta, Bernardo L² (AUTHOR), Silva, Bruna G C da² (AUTHOR), Matijasevich, Alicia³ (AUTHOR), Barros, Fernando C⁴ (AUTHOR), da Silva, Bruna G C² (AUTHOR), Pelotas Cohorts Study Group (CORPORATE AUTHOR)

المصدر: International Journal of Epidemiology. 2019 Supplement 1, Vol. 48, pi46-i53. 8p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PREMATURE labor, *BIRTH weight, *CHILDBIRTH, *MOTHER-child relationship, *INCOME, *FETAL macrosomia

مصطلحات جغرافية: BRAZIL

مستخلص: Background: Despite positive changes in most maternal risk factors in Brazil, previous studies did not show reductions in preterm birth and low birthweight. We analysed trends and inequalities in these outcomes over a 33-year period in a Brazilian city.Methods: Four population-based birth cohort studies were carried out in the city of Pelotas in 1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015, with samples ranging from 4231 to 5914 liveborn children. Low birthweight (LBW) was defined as <2500 g, and preterm birth as less than 37 weeks of gestation. Information was collected on family income, maternal skin colour and other risk factors for low birthweight. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the contribution of risk factors to time trends in birthweight.Results: Preterm births increased from 5.8% (1982) to 13.8% (2015), and LBW prevalence increased from 9.0% to 10.1%, being higher for boys and for children born to mothers with low income and brown or black skin colour. Mean birthweight remained stable, around 3200 g, but increased from 3058 to 3146 g in the poorest quintile and decreased from 3307 to 3227 g in the richest quintile. After adjustment for risk factors for LBW, mean birthweight was estimated to have declined by 160 g over 1982-2015 (reductions of 103 g in the poorest and 213 g in the richest quintiles).Conclusions: Data from four birth cohorts show that preterm births increased markedly. Mean birthweights remained stable over a 33-year period. Increased prevalence of preterm and early term births, associated with high levels of obstetric interventions, has offset the expected improvements due to reduction in risk factors for low birthweight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Giang, Hoang Thi Nam^1,2 htngiang@ud.edu.vn, Bechtold‐Dalla Pozza, Susanne^1,3, Tran, Hoang Thi^2,4,5, Ulrich, Sarah^1,6, Bechtold-Dalla Pozza, Susanne^7,8

المصدر: Acta Paediatrica. Apr2019, Vol. 108 Issue 4, p630-636. 7p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PREMATURE labor, *STILLBIRTH, *CHILDBIRTH

مصطلحات جغرافية: VIETNAM, DA Nang (Vietnam)

مستخلص: Aim: Little is known about the rate of stillbirths, preterm births and associated risk factors in resource-limited settings like Vietnam. This study reports those rates for Da Nang, which is one of the largest cities in central Vietnam.Methods: Data on 20 762 births including stillbirths and preterm births and associated risk factors were prospectively collected from health facilities from April 2015 to March 2016.Results: The data represented 85% of the total births in Da Nang during the study period, and a stillbirth rate of 9.7 per 1000 live births was recorded. The preterm rate for live births was just under 5%. Independent factors associated with an increased risk of stillbirth and preterm births were mothers aged 35 plus, working as farmers, living in the provinces and a history of abortion. Mothers under 20 years with previous preterm births faced a higher risk of another preterm birth.Conclusion: The stillbirth and premature birth rates in Da Nang were higher than rates in high-income countries. Developing registration programmes in Vietnam will provide improved data that will enable researchers and policymakers to identify strategies to reduce the number of stillbirths and premature births. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Dotinga, Baukje M.¹ b.m.dotinga@umcg.nl, de Winter, Andrea F.², Bocca-Tjeertes, Inger F. A.¹, Kerstjens, Jorien M.¹, Reijneveld, Sijmen A.², Bos, Arend F.¹

المصدر: PLoS ONE. 1/31/2019, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p1-11. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CHILD development, *PREMATURE labor, *SOCIOECONOMICS, *CHILDBIRTH, *BIRTH weight

مستخلص: Objectives: Moderately and late preterm children (MLPs, 32.0–36.9 weeks gestational age) have a greater risk of poorer growth. This seems to be associated with poorer neuropsychological functioning. Evidence is limited on whether this also holds for emotional and behavioral (EB) problems. Therefore, we assessed whether longitudinal growth from birth until age 7 was associated with EB problems at age 7 in MLPs. Study design: This study was part of the Longitudinal Preterm Outcome Project, a prospective cohort study. Data on growth (height, weight, head circumference, and extent of catch-up growth) were obtained from assessments from birth until age 7. EB problems were assessed at age 7 with the Child Behavior Checklist. We assessed whether growth and EB problems were associated using logistic regression analyses, adjusting for multiple birth, parity, and socioeconomic status. Results: We included 248 MLPs. Median gestational age was 34 weeks (interquartile range: 33–35 weeks). Mean birth weight was 2.2 kg (standard deviation: 0.5 kg). Postnatal growth measures were below the Dutch reference norm. EB problems were more prevalent in MLPs than in the general Dutch population. Generally, we found no associations between growth and EB problems; odds ratios ranged from 0.20 to 2.72. Conclusions: In MLPs, postnatal growth from birth until age 7 was not associated with EB problems at age 7. Poorer growth thus seems to relate to neuropsychological problems, but not to EB problems. This suggests that the etiologies of these problems differ at least partially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Williams, Corrine M.¹ corrine.williams@uky.edu, Asaolu, Ibitola¹, Chavan, Niraj R.¹, Williamson, Lucy H.¹, Lewis, Alysha M.¹, Beaven, Lauren¹, Ashford, Kristin B.¹

المصدر: European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology & Reproductive Biology. Oct2018, Vol. 229, p88-93. 6p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CESAREAN section, *PREMATURE labor, *PREGNANCY, *CHILDBIRTH, *BODY mass index, *PREMATURE infants, *RETROSPECTIVE studies

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED States

مستخلص: Objective: To examine the relationship between previous cesarean delivery and subsequent preterm birth in the second pregnancy among women in the United States with registered birth records.Study Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing United States birth certificate data to generate the study population, which consisted of women delivering a singleton infant in their second live birth (n = 1,076,517) in the year 2016. Preterm birth and previous cesarean delivery measures were derived from United States birth certificates. Covariates included maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, payer source for delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index, previous preterm birth, interpregnancy interval, and factors in the second pregnancy such as hypertensive disorders, diabetes, and cigarette use, trimester prenatal care began, weight gain during pregnancy, and presence of congenital anomalies. Women who experienced a cesarean delivery in the first pregnancy were compared to those who did not.Results: When controlling for all covariates, women who had a cesarean delivery in their first pregnancy were 14% more likely to have a preterm birth in their second pregnancy (OR = 1.137, 95% CI = 1.117-1.158) compared to women who had not previously experienced a cesarean delivery. When risk was analyzed by sub categories of preterm birth based on gestational age, a differential association was noted, with a 10% increased risk of delivering before 34 weeks, a 1% increased risk for delivery between 34-36 weeks and no increased risk for delivery after 36 weeks compared to delivery at 39-40 weeks.Conclusion: This small, but statistically significant association between previous cesarean section and subsequent preterm birth suggests that efforts to reduce the number of index cesarean sections may contribute to reducing the overall preterm birth rate in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Levin, Heather I.^1,2 heather.levin@gmail.com, Sciscione, Anthony³, Ananth, Cande V.^1,4, Drassinower, Daphnie^1,5, Obican, Sarah G.^1,6, Wapner, Ronald J.¹

المصدر: Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. Aug2018, Vol. 31 Issue 16, p2136-2140. 5p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PREMATURE labor, *PREGNANCY complications, *LABOR complications (Obstetrics), *PREMATURE infants, *CHILDBIRTH, *BED rest, *GESTATIONAL age, *LONGITUDINAL method, *ACTIVITIES of daily living

مستخلص: Purpose: We sought to determine whether activity restriction (AR) in a cohort of women at high risk for preterm delivery is associated with the risk of preterm delivery.Materials and Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units MFMU's Preterm Prediction Study; a multicenter prospective cohort study designed to identify risk factors of preterm birth (PTB). The study group consisted of women with a singleton gestation that at their first study visit (23-24 weeks) had at least one of the following criteria: patient reported contractions, severe back pain, a cervical length <15 mm, spotting, protruding membranes, or positive fetal fibronectin. Women were assessed for AR at a 27- to 29-week study visit. Associations between AR and preterm delivery (<37 weeks) were examined through logistic regression models before and after adjustment for confounders.Results: Of the 1086 women that met the inclusion criteria, 16.5% (n = 179) delivered preterm. In this cohort, 9.7% (n = 105) of women were recommended AR, with 37.1% (n = 39) having a PTB. In the group not recommended AR (n = 981), 14.3% (n = 140) delivered preterm.Conclusion: In this cohort of women at high risk for PTB, activity restriction was associated with an increased risk of PTB. The use of AR in this population should be discouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Brunk, Doug

المصدر: Family Practice News; Jun2023, p1-4, 4p

مصطلحات موضوعية: FERTILITY, PSORIASIS, CHILDBIRTH, PREMATURE labor, COMORBIDITY

مستخلص: The article discusses a study that examined fertility rates and birth outcomes in women with moderate to severe psoriasis. It discusses that women with psoriasis had a lower fertility rate compared to those without the condition; slightly higher risk of pregnancy loss; no significant differences were found in the risks of other adverse birth outcomes such as stillbirth and preterm birth; and explore the impact of managing psoriasis and comorbidities on pregnancy outcomes.

المؤلفون: Mosbah, Alaa¹ (AUTHOR) alaamosbah@hotmail.com, Barakat, Rafik¹ (AUTHOR), Nabiel, Yasmin² (AUTHOR), Barakat, Ghada² (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine. Mar2018, Vol. 31 Issue 6, p720-725. 6p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PAPILLOMAVIRUSES, *PREMATURE labor, *OBSTETRICS, *MEDICINE, *CHILDBIRTH, *PREMATURE labor prevention, *PAPILLOMAVIRUS disease diagnosis, *GENE expression, *GESTATIONAL age, *PAPILLOMAVIRUS diseases, *POLYMERASE chain reaction, *PROTEOLYTIC enzymes, *SPECIALTY hospitals, *CASE-control method

مصطلحات جغرافية: EGYPT

مستخلص: Introduction: This study aimed to detect the correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) and spontaneous preterm labor in Egyptian women and its association to the human papilloma viral load and MPP2 gene expression.Material and Methods: We performed an observational comparative case-control study in Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Mansoura University Hospitals over women presented with spontaneous preterm labor, besides females admitted for giving birth at full term to detect conserved sequence in HPV-L1 gene (GP5/GP6) followed by genotype detection of high- and low-risk HPVs with quantification of the viral load and the MMP2 gene expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results: The prevalence of HPV was 18.1% in preterm females, but only 4% in full-term women (p value = 0.019*). Twenty percent were PCR positive for HPV 16 and 40% for HPV 18 whereas none of the control was positive for any of the studied high-risk genotypes. Thirty percent were PCR positive for HPV 6 and 10% were positive for HPV 11. MMP2 gene expression was significantly higher in preterm than full term. Human papilloma viral load was found to be positively correlated to the rate of MMP2 expression and the gestational age was significantly related to the viral load and the rate of expression of MMP2 gene.Conclusion: Human pabilloma virus especially high-risk genotypes was correlated to spontaneous preterm labor in Egyptian females through increasing early expression of MMP2 gene. The time of occurrence of preterm labor was affected by the viral load and so the rate of expression of MMP2 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Smith, Roger

المصدر: Scientific American. Mar99, Vol. 280 Issue 3, p68. 8p. 12 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Graph.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *CHILDBIRTH, *PREMATURE labor prevention, *PLACENTA, *CORTICOTROPIN releasing hormone, *PHYSIOLOGY

مستخلص: Reports that a hormone unexpectedly found in the human placenta turns out to influence the timing of delivery. How this and related findings could yield much needed ways to prevent premature labor; How controls on parturition in humans differ from sheep; How a protein called corticotropin-releasing hormone regulates parturition. INSET: An Evolutionary Clue from Toads.