المؤلفون: Shrawan Kumar Singh, Anupam Lal, Niranjan Khandelwal, Arup K. Mandal, Harshavardhan Mahalingam, Shalmoli Bhattacharyya

المصدر: Korean Journal of Urology

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Ureteral Calculi, Struvite, Urinary system, Calcium oxalate, Magnesium Compounds, urologic and male genital diseases, Radiation Dosage, Phosphates, chemistry.chemical_compound, Kidney Calculi, Young Adult, Urolithiasis, In vivo, Hounsfield scale, Apatites, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, medicine, Image noise, Humans, Prospective Studies, Calculus (medicine), X-ray computed tomography, Receiver operating characteristic, Calcium Oxalate, business.industry, Dual-Energy Computed Tomography, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Surgery, Uric Acid, chemistry, Endourology/Urolithiasis, Original Article, Female, Waist Circumference, Nuclear medicine, business, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, human activities

الوصف: Purpose This study aimed to assess the accuracy of low-dose dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in predicting the composition of urinary calculi. Materials and Methods A total of 52 patients with urinary calculi were scanned with a 128-slice dual-source DECT scanner by use of a low-dose protocol. Dual-energy (DE) ratio, weighted average Hounsfield unit (HU) of calculi, radiation dose, and image noise levels were recorded. Two radiologists independently rated study quality. Stone composition was assessed after extraction by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS). Analysis of variance was used to determine if the differences in HU values and DE ratios between the various calculus groups were significant. Threshold cutoff values to classify the calculi into separate groups were identified by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results A total of 137 calculi were detected. FTIRS analysis differentiated the calculi into five groups: uric acid (n=17), struvite (n=3), calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate (COM-COD, n=84), calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM, n=28), and carbonate apatite (n=5). The HU value could differentiate only uric acid calculi from calcified calculi (p80% sensitivity and specificity to differentiate them. The DE ratio could not differentiate COM from COM-COD calculi. No study was rated poor in quality by either of the observers. The mean radiation dose was 1.8 mSv. Conclusions Low-dose DECT accurately predicts urinary calculus composition in vivo while simultaneously reducing radiation exposure without compromising study quality.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::6631d5f0f230ccd972c4d9afec805351Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4534433Test

المؤلفون: Pooja Mehta, Shalmoli Bhattacharyya

المصدر: Food Funct.. 3:164-169

مصطلحات موضوعية: Antioxidant, medicine.medical_treatment, Ascorbic Acid, Pharmacology, Lipid peroxidation, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Spirulina, medicine, Animals, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Spirulina (genus), Liver injury, chemistry.chemical_classification, Cisplatin, Mice, Inbred BALB C, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, biology, Vitamin C, Vitamins, General Medicine, Alkaline Phosphatase, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Diet, Enzyme, Liver, chemistry, Biochemistry, Dietary Supplements, Toxicity, Female, Lipid Peroxidation, Food Science, medicine.drug

الوصف: Spirulina platensis is a microalgae with potent dietary phyto-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic properties. We investigated the mechanism of cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity and whether this natural antioxidant provided protection against cisplatin hepatotoxicity. The study was carried out in a mice model where the animals were segregated into different groups according to their treatments, e.g. control group with no treatment, cisplatin treated, cisplatin + Spirulina treated, cisplatin + vitamin C treated and cisplatin + Spirulina + vitamin C treated. The liver marker enzymes were found to be elevated following cisplatin treatment, signifying hepatotoxicity. The supplementation of Spirulina and vitamin C could effectively bring down the levels of these enzymes. Light microscopy also showed that cisplatin treatment induced liver injury and that histopathological abnormalities were prevented by Spirulina and vitamin C supplementation. This protective effect was further substantiated by the estimation of antioxidant levels and extent of lipid peroxidation in the Spirulina, vitamin C and Spirulina + vitamin C supplemented groups as compared to cisplatin alone.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c4f4858d762470b66248ebded32c7b9aTest
https://doi.org/10.1039/c1fo10172bTest

المؤلفون: Shalmoli Bhattacharyya, Arup K. Mandal, Santosh Kumar, Shrawan Kumar Singh, Ashutosh Chauhan, Ravimohan S. Mavuduru, Raguram Ganesamoni, Gaurav Kaushik, Mayank Mohan Agarwal, Uttam Mete

المصدر: The Journal of urology. 187(4)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Urology, urologic and male genital diseases, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, Nitric oxide, Superoxide dismutase, Lipid peroxidation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Young Adult, Renal cell carcinoma, Internal medicine, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Aged, chemistry.chemical_classification, Kidney, Reactive oxygen species, biology, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Kidney Neoplasms, Oxidative Stress, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, biology.protein, Female, business, Oxidative stress

الوصف: Although oxidative stress is implicated in renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis, to our knowledge changes in oxidative stress parameters in patients who undergo surgery for renal cell carcinoma have not been studied previously. We investigated the status of oxidative stress in patients with renal cell carcinoma.Reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and glutathione were measured in the blood of 68 patients with renal tumor and in 30 age matched normal controls. Levels were measured again 1 week, and 1 and 2 months postoperatively in patients who underwent surgery for renal cell carcinoma. Levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation were measured in tumor tissue and in normal renal parenchyma in 51 patients with renal tumor.Significantly increased reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, and decreased glutathione were observed in patients with renal cell carcinoma compared to normal subjects and in patients with benign tumors. Superoxide dismutase and lipid peroxidation were increased and catalase was decreased in tumor tissue compared to normal renal tissue. Oxidative stress correlated with renal cell carcinoma grade and stage but decreased after curative resection. Patients with metastatic disease had persistently increased oxidative stress parameters. Antioxidant enzyme levels in benign tumor tissue were significantly higher than in renal cell carcinoma.Patients with renal cell carcinoma have increased oxidative stress, which is effectively alleviated by curative resection. In patients with benign tumors antioxidant defense mechanisms maintain normal redox status.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::86a04328bc1be4b9f98274b72eb4cd15Test
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22335872Test