المؤلفون: Jakiul Islam, Md. Didarul Islam, Md. Ashraf Ali, Hasina Akter, Aslam Hossain, Mautushi Biswas, Md. Mukter Hossain, Md. Mohi Uddin, Saleh Hasan Naqib

المصدر: ACS Omega, Vol 8, Iss 36, Pp 32917-32930 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Chemistry, QD1-999

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2470-1343Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d4d207829fb844fca727f7fab8d53b42Test

المؤلفون: Puja Keshwania, Narinder Kaur, Jyoti Chauhan, Gajanand Sharma, Obaid Afzal, Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz Altamimi, Waleed H. Almalki

المصدر: ACS Omega, Vol 8, Iss 35, Pp 31575-31599 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Chemistry, QD1-999

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2470-1343Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/dfccd6bac0914110b22e6665901720f4Test

المؤلفون: Gamal H. Ragab, Hanaa M. Saleh, Nermeen M. Abdulla, Eman A. Bahgat

المصدر: BMC Chemistry, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: HPLC–DAD, Green micellar method, Antibiotics combinations, Polyoxyethylene-23-lauryl ether (Brij-35), Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Abstract In a new attempt to separate some sulbactam combinations by green chemical method we came up with this research in which an ecofriendly, green, sustainable and selective method was established for separation of four antibiotics, namely, cefoperazone (CFP), cefixime (CFX), ampicillin (AMP) and sulbactam (SLB). No organic solvents were used in the composition of the mobile phase as it was replaced by mixing two surfactants together, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polyoxyethylene-23-lauryl ether (Brij-35). Effect of varying the concentrations of the two surfactants on chromatographic separation was studied. Optimum separation was maintained using a mobile phase consisting of 0.01 mol/L SDS, 0.03 mol/L Brij-35, 0.4% Tri-ethylamine (TEA) and pH of 2.8 adjusted by using 1 M ortho-phosphoric acid on reversed phase Isère C18 BDS column with temperature of 40 °C at flow rate 1 mL/min, wavelength 215 nm, and the total run time was 6 min. Validation of the proposed method has been made according International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines at linearity range of 10–200 µg mL−1 for all drugs under study, high accuracy results (recovery range 98.39–100.35%). and the variation coefficient (RSD) of the points on the calibration curve was ranged from (0.1–1.7%) indicating precise method. The LOQ was (6.09 μg mL−1) for CFP, (6.07 μg mL−1) for CFX, (3.85 μg mL−1) for AMP and (7.20 μg mL−1) for SLB. Successful applications were made on marketed dosage forms with recovery range of (100.16–102.25%) and RSD of (0.03–1.88%). The method was verified on the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical Greenness metric approach (AGREE) and it was found to be an excellent green alternative method.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2661-801XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d3a56253aad043d694cd73a7f9b888eaTest

المؤلفون: Asmaa Alrayzah, Fawaz Alsolami, Mostafa Saleh

المصدر: Applied Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 12, p 5294 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Arabic corpora, Arabic corpus, Arabic NLP, Arabic dataset, transformer model, question answering, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: The research presented in the following paper focuses on the effectiveness of a modern standard Arabic corpus, AraFast, in training transformer models for natural language processing tasks, particularly in Arabic. In the study described herein, four experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of AraFast across different configurations: segmented, unsegmented, and mini versions. The main outcomes of the present study are as follows: Transformer models trained with larger and cleaner versions of AraFast, especially in question-answering, indicate the impact of corpus quality and size on model efficacy. Secondly, a dramatic reduction in training loss was observed with the mini version of AraFast, underscoring the importance of optimizing corpus size for effective training. Moreover, the segmented text format led to a decrease in training loss, highlighting segmentation as a beneficial strategy in Arabic NLP. In addition, using the study findings, challenges in managing noisy data derived from web sources are identified, which were found to significantly hinder model performance. These findings collectively demonstrate the critical role of well-prepared, segmented, and clean corpora in advancing Arabic NLP capabilities. The insights from AraFast’s application can guide the development of more efficient NLP models and suggest directions for future research in enhancing Arabic language processing tools.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/12/5294Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f9ecc87416754bc9ac8abbf910ec887bTest

المؤلفون: Jamal Alsadi, Faten A. M. Al Btoush, Ameen Alawneh, Ahmed Ali Khatatbeh, Mustafa Alseafan, Wardeh Al-Younis, Mutaz Abdel Wahed, Amer Al-Canaan, Rabah Ismail, Issam Trrad, Hashem Al-Mattarneh, Saleh Alomari

المصدر: Applied Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 11, p 4848 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: color optimization, desirability function, Box–Behnken design (BBD), general trends (GTs), regression models, overlay plot, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: This research article concentrates on process conditions in addition to improving color selections in polymer compounders and developing more accurate simulation models. The feed rate (FR), temperature (T) and screw speed (SS) are three processing variables that the research investigates using general trends (GTs) and Box–Behnken design (BBD) response surface methodology. The identical set of processing settings was tweaked at three separate phases independently of one another. This study uses the experimental design to investigate process parameters’ optimization while holding all other parameters constant. This design was given the name GT. To develop this design and its statistical optimization, this study used the software of the design expert method. A regression model was run in this design, which displayed collective as well as individual effects of the parameters on color images. The values of tri-stimulus color with the best optimization had the smallest proper color variance (dE*). To obtain information on pigment characteristics, an SEM image analysis was conducted, which aids in improving future designs and overcoming manufacturing issues that affect color fluctuation properties and waste reduction for various chemical grades, both of which enhance environmentally friendly processes.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/11/4848Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/014c1321e1f944e3a8a57bda4c024f35Test

المؤلفون: Abdellatif A. Mohamed, Mohamed Saleh Alamri, Hesham Al-Quh, Shahzad Hussain, Mohamed A. Ibraheem, Abdur Rehman, Akram A. Qasem

المصدر: Gels, Vol 10, Iss 6, p 350 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: starch, shearing, pasting, annealing, Science, Chemistry, QD1-999, Inorganic chemistry, QD146-197, General. Including alchemy, QD1-65

الوصف: The functional characteristics of starch can be altered by shear force, which makes the impact on its microstructure of great importance to the food industry. This study investigated the effects of freeze-drying on the gel texture, pasting capabilities, and swelling power of starches made from sweet potatoes (SP), chickpeas (CP), and wheat (WS) combined with Cordia (CG) and Ziziphus gum (ZG). The samples were annealed in water without shearing and in a rapid visco-analyzer (RVA) for 30 min at 60 °C while being spun at 690 rpm. Both native and freeze-dried samples were mixed with 1% or 3% ZG and CG. After annealing, the starches were examined using a texture analyzer and RVA. The results showed that freeze-drying had a substantial (p > 0.05) impact on the starch granule, in addition to the effect of annealing. The peak viscosity of freeze-dried native CP and SP starches increased, but the peak viscosity of freeze-dried wheat starch decreased. The setbacks for CP and WS increased, whereas the setbacks for SP varied slightly. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that annealing in an RVA exhibited a substantially lower peak viscosity than annealing in a water bath; the RVA’s shearing effect may have been the cause of this difference. Cordia gum fared better than ZG in terms of peak viscosity, although ZG significantly reduced setback in comparison to CG. Among the various blends, the native WB sample had the lowest hardness (100 ± 4.9 g), while the freeze-dried WB SP sample had the greatest (175.5 ± 4.8 g). Shearing of starches broke up the granules into smaller pieces, which made them gel at lower temperatures. This could be a good thing when they are needed for food uses that require little cooking.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/10/6/350Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2310-2861Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/7f2a4c2c286246f2b9fc7b5731af7001Test

المؤلفون: Anna Galli, Miriam Saleh, Francesco Foggia, Gian Paolo Sighinolfi

المصدر: Applied Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 11, p 4504 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: luminescence dating, thermoluminescence (TL), glass material, fortification, Mediterranean, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: The Serravuda site on a hill near Acri, Calabria in Italy was discovered in 1970. The site presents a unique vitrified lithoid structure. Early theories speculated on its vitrification, ranging from forest fires to extraterrestrial impacts. The structure consists of vitrified Paleozoic rock fragments forming a 45-m-long wall, possibly once extending further. Analysis suggests that humans transported these fragments for construction, with subsequent partial vitrification occurring due to high temperatures from wood combustion. Thermoluminescence dating, using the innovative “Pre-bleached with Blue LEDs” protocol, indicates origins between the Late Bronze Age and Iron Age, aligning with settlement periods in the region. Fading studies were conducted to correct the error in the age data due to signal loss. The scenario suggests that the vitrification of the structure may have been a consequence of human utilization of timber for construction, with combustion resulting from random events such as forest fires or lightning strikes. This description has remarkable similarities with to those proposed for Iron Age vitrified forts in Northern Europe, suggesting that Serravuda could be seen as a precursor to such forts. Moreover, this prompts intriguing inquiries into the origins and evolution of Nordic engineering techniques focused on fire utilization in construction.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/11/4504Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/fe5cf87e81c046959b1e60af14c27930Test

المؤلفون: Walid Shalata, Zoe Gabrielle Attal, Adam Solomon, Sondos Shalata, Omar Abu Saleh, Lena Tourkey, Fahed Abu Salamah, Ibrahim Alatawneh, Alexander Yakobson

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 11, p 5794 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: melanoma, metastatic, immunotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, BRAF, skin cancer, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Melanoma, a malignant neoplasm originating from melanocytes, stands as one of the most prevalent cancers globally, ranking fifth in terms of estimated new cases in recent years. Its aggressive nature and propensity for metastasis pose significant challenges in oncology. Recent advancements have led to a notable shift towards targeted therapies, driven by a deeper understanding of cutaneous tumor pathogenesis. Immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have emerged as promising strategies, demonstrating the potential to improve clinical outcomes across all disease stages, including neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and metastatic settings. Notably, there has been a groundbreaking development in the treatment of brain metastasis, historically associated with poor prognosis in oncology but showcasing impressive results in melanoma patients. This review article provides a comprehensive synthesis of the most recent knowledge on staging and prognostic factors while highlighting emerging therapeutic modalities, with a particular focus on neoadjuvant and adjuvant strategies, notably immunotherapy and targeted therapies, including the ongoing trials.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/11/5794Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/5fc19fb63c884039ad900660156db75fTest

المؤلفون: Kristina Stavrakeva, Kalina Metodieva, Maria Benina, Anelia Bivolarska, Ivica Dimov, Mariya Choneva, Vesela Kokova, Saleh Alseekh, Valentina Ivanova, Emil Vatov, Tsanko Gechev, Tsvetelina Mladenova, Rumen Mladenov, Krasimir Todorov, Plamen Stoyanov, Donika Gyuzeleva, Mihaela Popova, Elisaveta Apostolova

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 10, p 5396 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Micromeria frivaldszkyana, methanolic extract, GC-MS, UPLC-MS-MS, plant metabolites, mineral content, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Extracts from medicinal plants are widely used in the treatment and prevention of different diseases. Micromeria frivaldszkyana is a Balkan endemic species with reported antioxidant and antimicrobial characteristics; however, its phytochemical composition is not well defined. Here, we examined the metabolome of M. frivaldszkyana by chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS-MS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and sugar alcohols were the primary metabolites with the highest levels in the plant extract. Detailed analysis of the sugar content identified high levels of sucrose, glucose, mannose, and fructose. Lipids are primary plant metabolites, and the analysis revealed triacylglycerols as the most abundant lipid group. Potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and calcium (Ca) were the elements with the highest content. The results showed linarin, 3-caffeoil-quinic acid, and rosmarinic acid, as well as a number of polyphenols, as the most abundant secondary metabolites. Among the flavonoids and polyphenols with a high presence were eupatorin, kaempferol, and apigenin—compounds widely known for their bioactive properties. Further, the acute toxicity and potential anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract were evaluated in Wistar rats. No toxic effects were registered after a single oral application of the extract in doses of between 200 and 5000 mg/kg bw. A fourteen-day pre-treatment with methanolic extract of M. frivaldszkyana in doses of 250, 400, and 500 mg/kg bw induced anti-inflammatory activity in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hours after carrageenan injection in a model of rat paw edema. This effect was also present in the 4th hour only in the group treated with a dose of 500 mg/kg. In conclusion, M. frivaldszkyana extract is particularly rich in linarin, rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids (eupatorin, kaempferol, and apigenin). Its methanolic extract induced no toxicity in male Wistar rats after oral application in doses of up to 5000 mg/kg bw. Additionally, treatment with the methanolic extract for 14 days revealed anti-inflammatory potential in a model of rat paw edema on the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd hours after the carrageenan injection. These results show the anti-inflammatory potential of the plant, which might be considered for further exploration and eventual application as a phytotherapeutic agent.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/10/5396Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ae5f5278289448e5bcf4521f9b465cc1Test

المؤلفون: Radhwan A. A. Saleh, Farid Al-Areqi, Mehmet Zeki Konyar, Kaplan Kaplan, Semih Öngir, H. Metin Ertunc

المصدر: Applied Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 10, p 4267 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: tire defect detection, foreign object detection, deep learning, XAI, tire X-ray, Grad-CAM, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Automatic detection of tire defects has become an important issue for tire production companies since these defects cause road accidents and loss of human lives. Defects in the inner structure of the tire cannot be detected with the naked eye; thus, a radiographic image of the tire is gathered using X-ray cameras. This image is then examined by a quality control operator, and a decision is made on whether it is a defective tire or not. Among all defect types, the foreign object type is the most common and may occur anywhere in the tire. This study proposes an explainable deep learning model based on Xception and Grad-CAM approaches. This model was fine-tuned and trained on a novel real tire dataset consisting of 2303 defective tires and 49,198 non-defective. The defective tire class was augmented using a custom augmentation technique to solve the imbalance problem of the dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed model detects foreign objects with an accuracy of 99.19%, recall of 98.75%, precision of 99.34%, and f-score of 99.05%. This study provided a clear advantage over similar literature studies.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/14/10/4267Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/19232d932f894666bd8f12ec216306caTest