المؤلفون: Wen Zhu, Alanya J. Nardone, Lucciano A. Pearce

المصدر: Frontiers in Chemical Biology, Vol 3 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: GMP synthetase, CTP synthetase, asparagine synthetase, NAD+ synthetase, FGAS, carbamoyl phosphatase synthetase, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Bifunctional enzymes, characterized by their dual active sites, enable efficient chemical conversion and substrate channeling using elegant coupling mechanisms to coordinate the two active sites. In humans, several bifunctional enzymes synthesize de novo carbon-nitrogen bonds by hydrolyzing glutamine and ATP in distinct active sites. Notable examples include guanosine monophosphate synthetase, cytidine triphosphate synthetase, phosphoribosylformyl-glycinamidine synthase, asparagine synthetase, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide synthetase. A more complex example of multifunctional glutamine-hydrolyzing synthetases in humans is carbamoyl phosphate synthetase. These enzymes are crucial for the biosynthesis of amino acids, nucleic acids, and co-factors, thereby playing pivotal roles in human health. This review delineates recent progress in understanding the structural characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and disease relevance of glutamine-hydrolyzing synthetases in humans. Insights into their catalysis and activity regulation offer potential pathways for developing novel therapeutics.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchbi.2024.1410435/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2813-530XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/42644666b67e4367ad1434d0f5b9e510Test

المؤلفون: Vito Longo, Annamaria Catino, Michele Montrone, Elisabetta Sara Montagna, Francesco Pesola, Ilaria Marech, Pamela Pizzutilo, Annalisa Nardone, Antonella Perrone, Monica Gesualdo, Domenico Galetta

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 25, Iss 6, p 3237 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: SMARCA4-UT, immunotherapy, clinicopathological features, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Recently, the fifth edition of the WHO classification recognized the thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT) as a separate entity from conventional non-small cell lung cancer with SMARCA4 deficiency because of the different clinicopathological characteristics of these two diseases. SMARCA4-UT mainly occurs in young to middle-aged adults and involves a large mass compressing the tissues surrounding the mediastinum and lung parenchyma. Unfortunately, SMARCA4-UT shows a high probability of recurrence after upfront surgery as well as radiotherapy resistance; moreover, chemotherapy has low efficacy. Moreover, given the recent classification of SMARCA4-UT, no data concerning specific clinical trials are currently available. However, several case reports show immunotherapy efficacy in patients with this disease not only in a metastatic setting but also in a neoadjuvant manner, supporting the development of clinical trials. In addition, preclinical data and initial clinical experiences suggest that inhibiting pathways such as CDK4/6, AURKA, ATR, and EZH2 may be a promising therapeutic approach to SMARCA4-UT.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/6/3237Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/826b6d04c666411580c46e69bd24d79dTest

المؤلفون: Luigi Coppolino, Roberto Nardone, Alfredo Petruolo, Luigi Romano

المصدر: Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 24, p 13060 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: EPES, FIWARE, SIEM, cybersecurity, monitoring systems, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: The rapid expansion of digital twin technology has revolutionized management and testing across various sectors, particularly in safeguarding critical infrastructure like smart grids. Aligned with the NIS2 Directive, Directive (EU) 2022/2555 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2022, digital twins play a critical role in bolstering cybersecurity measures by enabling advanced simulation and real-time monitoring, key aspects emphasized in the directive for enhancing the security of networks and information systems. Concurrently, Europe’s shift towards communal data spaces amplifies the need for robust cyber defences. This paper aims to bolster cybersecurity defences in critical infrastructure, with a particular focus on the energy sector and smart grids. It proposes an innovative architecture for cybersecurity monitoring, converting a Common Information Model-compliant system into a digital twin via the FIWARE platform and incorporating an open-source Security Information and Event Management solution. Validated by a real-world case study, our approach demonstrates significant advancements in protecting smart grids against cyber threats.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/24/13060Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/4161709a526044aaa3d73289ab8396d8Test

المؤلفون: Claudia Lucia Piccolo, Laura Cea, Martina Sbarra, Anna Maria De Nicola, Carlo De Cicco Nardone, Eliodoro Faiella, Rosario Francesco Grasso, Bruno Beomonte Zobel

المصدر: Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 18, p 10509 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: endometriosis, MRI, deep pelvic endometriosis, endometrioma, adenomyosis, post-operative imaging, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Endometriosis is a chronic condition characterized by the presence of abnormal endometrial tissue outside the uterus. These misplaced cells are responsible for inflammation, symptoms, scar tissue and adhesions. Endometriosis manifests mainly in three patterns: superficial peritoneal lesions (SUP), ovarian endometriomas (OMA) and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). It also exhibits atypical and extremely rare localization. The updated 2022 guidelines of the ESHRE recommend using both ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as first-line diagnostic tests. Currently, MRI provides a more complete view of the pelvis anatomy. The aim of our review is to provide radiologists with a “map” that can help them in reporting pelvic MRI scans in patients with endometriosis. We will illustrate the usual and unusual localizations of endometriosis (categorized into compartments) using post-operative imaging, and we will focus on the role of MRI, the main sequences and the use of contrast agents.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/18/10509Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/b8f3ca6a9b1d4a40835d7dcd6462a0a3Test

المؤلفون: Maria Paola Belfiore, Luigi Gallo, Alfonso Reginelli, Pasquale Maria Parrella, Gaetano Maria Russo, Valentina Caliendo, Morena Fasano, Giovanni Ciani, Raffaele Zeccolini, Carlo Liguori, Valerio Nardone, Salvatore Cappabianca

المصدر: Magnetochemistry, Vol 9, Iss 5, p 124 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: head and neck cancer, lymph nodes metastases, DWI, ADC, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: This study aimed to determine if diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can differentiate between benign and malignant lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer. A total of 55 patients with confirmed head and neck cancer and enlarged neck nodes were enrolled and evaluated by two radiologists using a workstation. Lymph nodes were analyzed using 3D regions of interest (ROIs) placed on T2-weighted images and compared to the corresponding DWI images. This study found that DWI and ADC values can be used to assess metastatic lymph nodes in the neck and that the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of a narrower ROI for recognizing metastases were greater compared to the ADC value of the whole node. The study also found that the size of the ROI affects ADC values. The results suggest that DWI can accurately predict the status of cervical lymph nodes in patients with head and neck cancer and that it may be useful in diagnosing, determining the stage, developing a treatment plan, and monitoring these patients.

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2312-7481/9/5/124Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2312-7481Test; https://doaj.org/article/fbf818a15163435488fa409f75807c9cTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9050124Test
https://doaj.org/article/fbf818a15163435488fa409f75807c9cTest

المؤلفون: Giuseppe Giannini, Irene Ragusa, Giulia Nerina Nardone, Sara Soldi, Marina Elli, Piera Valenti, Luigi Rosa

المصدر: Gels, Vol 9, Iss 8, p 607 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Tau-Marin, mucoadhesive gel, oral formulation, probiotics, periodontitis, periodontal diseases, Science, Chemistry, QD1-999, Inorganic chemistry, QD146-197, General. Including alchemy, QD1-65

الوصف: An innovative and stable probiotic-containing mucoadhesive gel (AL0020), integrated with botanical extracts, has been developed to rebalance the dysbiosis associated with periodontal diseases. Tau-Marin gel, prepared with anhydrous ingredients to prevent the replication of bacteria and ensure good stability over time, was tested against some pathogenic bacteria, belonging to the so-called “red complex”, recognized as the most important pathogens in plaque specimens, adherent to the epithelial lining of periodontal pockets. This lipogel was tested in vitro, in a physiological solution (PS) and in a simulated saliva (SS), for up to 8 h, to monitor its ability to release probiotics over time. Probiotics were enumerated through two different techniques, Lacto-Counter Assay (LCA) and Colony Forming Unit (CFU). A detailed physico-chemical profile of AL0020 and its in vitro efficacy in protecting activity against pathogenic bacteria as well as soothing or irritative effect on gingival epithelium were reported. Moreover, a clinical-dermatological trial on 20 volunteers using the product once a day for 30 days was also performed, where the efficacy of the gel in the control of gum disorders was observed.

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/8/607Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2310-2861Test; https://doaj.org/article/4d3f2839fdcf4970ad85a9ccee41689eTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/gels9080607Test
https://doaj.org/article/4d3f2839fdcf4970ad85a9ccee41689eTest

المؤلفون: Danilo Galluzzo, Roberto Manzo, Mario La Rocca, Lucia Nardone, Rosa Di Maio

المصدر: Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 1, p 194 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: low-frequency earthquakes, signal detection, volcano seismicity, spectral parameters, coherence analysis, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Mt. Vesuvius is a high-hazard active volcano surrounded by a densely populated area. Since human activities generate high levels of seismic noise, recognizing low-amplitude seismic events in the signals recorded by the local seismic monitoring network operating at Vesuvius is very difficult. Here, we describe an automatic procedure applied to continuous data with the aim of finding low-amplitude–low-frequency events hidden in the recorded signals. The methodology is based on the computation of two spectral parameters, central frequency Ω and shape factor ẟ, at selected sites, and the coherence of the seismic signal among different sites. The proposed procedure is applied to 28 months of recordings from 2019 to 2021, tuning the search parameters in order to find low-frequency signals similar to those occasionally observed in the past at the same volcano. The results allowed us to identify 80 seismic events that have the spectral features of low-frequency earthquakes or tremor. Among these, 12 events characterized by sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio have been classified as deep low-frequency earthquakes, most of which are not reported in the catalog. The remaining events (more than 60) are characterized by similar spectral features but with an extremely low amplitude that prevents any reliable location of the source and definitive classification. The results of this work demonstrate that the low-frequency endogenous activity at Mt. Vesuvius volcano is more frequent that previously thought.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/1/194Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1fc3bc2deb134fb89460274c281d1a9eTest

المؤلفون: Chiara Mele, Valeria Pingue, Marina Caputo, Marco Zavattaro, Loredana Pagano, Flavia Prodam, Antonio Nardone, Gianluca Aimaretti, Paolo Marzullo

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 5, p 2686 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: traumatic brain injury, hypopituitarism, neuroinflammation, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: The incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has increased over the last years with an important impact on public health. Many preclinical and clinical studies identified multiple and heterogeneous TBI-related pathophysiological mechanisms that are responsible for functional, cognitive, and behavioral alterations. Recent evidence has suggested that post-TBI neuroinflammation is responsible for several long-term clinical consequences, including hypopituitarism. This review aims to summarize current evidence on TBI-induced neuroinflammation and its potential role in determining hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunctions.

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2686Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Test; https://doaj.org/article/1a9a98dc399b4bdaa62d0beeeb658facTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22052686Test
https://doaj.org/article/1a9a98dc399b4bdaa62d0beeeb658facTest

المؤلفون: Irene Ragusa, Giulia Nerina Nardone, Samuele Zanatta, Walter Bertin, Emanuele Amadio

المصدر: Cosmetics, Vol 8, Iss 1, p 7 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Spirulina, microalga, cyanobacteria, natural cosmetics, skin care, skin health, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: Spirulina stands out as a sustainable bioactive microalga with health-promoting properties, and an important active ingredient of natural cosmetics products. Currently, Spirulina has been incorporated in topical skin-care formulations, such as a moisturizing, antiwrinkles, antiaging and antiacne agent. Furthermore, this microalga is used by cosmetic formulators to promote healthy sunscreen protection, to treat skin pigmentation disorders and to heal wounds. Most of commercial cosmetics claim a large range of Spirulina properties, including antioxidant, revitalizing, remineralizing, moisturizing, protecting alongside cleansing and shining action, both for hair and for skin. In this review, recent cosmetic applications of Spirulina are revised, by highlighting its ability in improving skin appearance and health. Additionally, the analysis of the Spirulina cosmetic benchmark is discussed. Looking at the current emergence of the beauty industry, many Spirulina extracts and dry powder/flakes, both the starting ingredient and final Spirulina -based cosmetic products, are available on the market. In this industrial field, Spirulina —mainly Spirulina platensis and Spirulina maxima —is used either as a powder, like in the case of cheaper products, or as a phycocyanin-rich blue extract, particularly in the luxury market. It is likely that, in the coming years, diversity, quality and topical applications of Spirulina will rapidly increase.

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/8/1/7Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2079-9284Test; https://doaj.org/article/d2a348d8389c43a080080f4de2eea469Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8010007Test
https://doaj.org/article/d2a348d8389c43a080080f4de2eea469Test

المؤلفون: Valerio Nardone, Marcella Barbarino, Antonio Angrisani, Pierpaolo Correale, Pierpaolo Pastina, Salvatore Cappabianca, Alfonso Reginelli, Luciano Mutti, Clelia Miracco, Rocco Giannicola, Antonio Giordano, Luigi Pirtoli

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 8391, p 8391 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: cyclin inhibitors, radiotherapy, autophagy, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: The expanding clinical application of CDK4- and CDK6-inhibiting drugs in the managements of breast cancer has raised a great interest in testing these drugs in other neoplasms. The potential of combining these drugs with other therapeutic approaches seems to be an interesting work-ground to explore. Even though a potential integration of CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors with radiotherapy (RT) has been hypothesized, this kind of approach has not been sufficiently pursued, neither in preclinical nor in clinical studies. Similarly, the most recent discoveries focusing on autophagy, as a possible target pathway able to enhance the antitumor efficacy of CDK4 and CDK6 inhibitors is promising but needs more investigations. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent literature on the field in order to infer a rational combination strategy including cyclin-D1/CDK4-CDK6 inhibitors, RT, and/or other anticancer agents targeting G1-S phase cell cycle transition.

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/16/8391Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Test; https://doaj.org/article/243d17d65b1c4011b4886e1439439fa1Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168391Test
https://doaj.org/article/243d17d65b1c4011b4886e1439439fa1Test