المؤلفون: Arun Kumar Panda, O.K. Moorthy, T. Srilatha, N.S. Poonam, M. V. L. N. Raju, G. Shyam Sunder, S.V. Rama Rao

المصدر: Animal Feed Science and Technology. 169:218-223

مصطلحات موضوعية: Lysine, Broiler, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, Lymphocyte proliferation, Calcium, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Newcastle disease, Feed conversion ratio, Starter, Animal science, chemistry, Biochemistry, Animal Science and Zoology, Threonine

الوصف: The effect of supplementing five graded concentrations (0.64, 0.67, 0.70, 0.73 and 0.76 units of dietary lysine) of threonine (Thr) in low crude protein diets (LCPD) containing 25 g less crude protein (CP) kg −1 compared to the levels in control diet (CD) on performance, carcass traits, retention of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), and immune responses (lymphocyte proliferation ratio – LPR, antibody titres against Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine) in broilers were investigated. Three CDs containing 220 g, 200 g and 180 g CP; 13.3, 11.4 and 10.4 g lysine (Lys) kg −1 were fed during pre-starter, starter and finisher phases, respectively. Ross 308 broiler female chicks were distributed to 6 treatments with 10 replications of 6 chicks in each. Experimental diets in mash form were fed ad libitum from day 1 to 42 d of age. Body weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were reduced (P 0.05) influenced by Thr supplementation to LCPD. The carcass variables, retention of Ca and P, lymphoid organ (bursa, spleen, thymus) weights and immune responses were not affected (P>0.05) by either reduction in CP or supplementation of Thr to LCPD. Retention of N was significantly (P 0.05) the N retention. The results suggested that broiler female chicks require more than 195 g CP kg −1 diet during pre-starter phase. The CP can be reduced by 25 g kg −1 in starter and finisher diets (175 and 155 g kg −1 , respectively) without affecting the broiler performance, carcass yields and immune responses by maintaining 7.6, 6.4 and 5.7 g Thr kg −1 diet, respectively during pre-starter, starter and finisher phases.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::5e178289f5a013511dd2947aba7b5893Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.06.013Test

المؤلفون: Maddula R. Reddy, Savaram Venkata Rama Rao, Ramashriya P. Sharma, M. V. L. N. Raju, Poonum N. Saharai, G. S. Sunder, Arun Kumar Panda

المصدر: The Journal of Poultry Science. 45:25-30

مصطلحات موضوعية: Vitamin, medicine.medical_specialty, Meal, Phosphorus, Broiler, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Feed conversion ratio, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Animal science, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Alkaline phosphatase, Animal Science and Zoology, medicine.symptom, Weight gain

الوصف: An experiment was conducted to see the effect of higher concentrations of vitamin D3 in diets containing sub optimal levels of calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) in broiler chickens. Maize-soybean meal based starter and finisher reference diets (RD) prepared to contain 1.0% and 0.9% Ca, 0.45 and 0.35% NPP, respectively. The RD contained 1200ICU D3/kg. Another basal diet (BD) was prepared to contain 0.4% Ca and 0.2% NPP. The BD was supplemented with D3 at 4 different concentrations such as 1200, 2400, 4800 and 9600ICU/kg. Each diet was fed to 11 replicates of 5 chicks each during experimental period of 0 to 6 weeks of age. The body weight gain decreased significantly with reduction in levels of Ca and NPP in diet compared to those fed RD. Supplementation of vitamin D3 to the low Ca and NPP diet, though improved the weight gain significantly but not at per with RD. The feed efficiency was not affected by concentrations of Ca, NPP and D3 in diet at 36d of age. The relative weight of tibia, tibia breaking strength and tibia ash content decreased significantly with reduction in Ca and NPP levels in diet. Supplemental D3 replenished the tibia ash content and enhanced tibia weight and strength. Supplemental D3 non-linearly increased the serum Ca, P, acid and alkaline phosphatase contents in serum. Concentrations of Ca, P, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in excreta decrease non-linearly with increase vitamin D3 concentration in BD. It is concluded that higher levels of D3 supplementation to low Ca and NPP diet improved the performance partially but not at per with diet containing the recommended concentrations of Ca and NPP in broiler diet.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::a85897e6f4de390688629cf0917e7a70Test
https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.45.25Test

المؤلفون: Arun Kumar Panda, G. Shyam Sunder, R. P. Sharma, S.V. Rama Rao, M. V. L. N. Raju

المصدر: Journal of Applied Poultry Research. 15:493-501

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Phosphorus, Broiler, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Body weight, Feed conversion ratio, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Animal science, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, Cholecalciferol

الوصف: SUMMARY An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of supplementing high concentrations (200vs.1,200,2,400,and3,600ICU/kg)ofcholecalciferol(CC)onperformance,bonemineralization, and mineral retention in broiler chickens (2 to 42 d of age) fed a basal diet containing suboptimal concentrations of Ca and nonphytate P (NPP; 0.5 and 0.25%, respectively). A reference diet (RD) containing recommended levels of Ca, NPP, and CC was considered as control. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 21 replicates containing 5 birds in each. Body weight gain, feed efficiency, tibia ash, and serum Ca and inorganic P decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in broilers fed suboptimal concentrations of Ca and NPP compared with those fed the RD. The BW gain (2,400 ICU/kg) and feed efficiency, leg abnormality score, and bone mineralization characteristics (3,600 ICU/kg) in broilers fed suboptimal concentrations of Ca and NPP with high concentrations of CC were similar to those fed the RD. The concentrations of Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu in liver increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increase in concentrations of CC in the basal diet. Based on the results, it is concluded that performance and bone mineralization in broilers could be maintained with suboptimal concentrations of Ca and NPP (0.5 and 0.25%, respectively) and higher concentrations of CC (3,600 ICU/kg) in the diet.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::bb28dd6cbdac3fa2cdeceff6cea23f5dTest
https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/15.4.493Test

المؤلفون: Arun Kumar Panda, G. Shyam Sunder, S.V. Rama Rao, P. Pavani, M. V. L. N. Raju

المصدر: Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 20:237-244

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Meal, Broiler, chemistry.chemical_element, Factorial experiment, Calcium, Feed conversion ratio, Mineralization (biology), Excretion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Animal science, chemistry, Internal medicine, medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, Cholecalciferol, Food Science

الوصف: An experiment was conducted to study the growth performance, bone mineralization and mineral excretion in broiler starter chicks fed high levels of cholecalciferol (CC) at sub-optimal levels of calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). Five hundred and sixty day-old Vencobb female broiler chicks were housed in raised wire floor stainless steel battery brooder pens (24"x30"xl8") at the rate of five chicks per pen. A maize-soyabean meal basal diet was supplemented with dicalcium phosphate, oyster shell powder and synthetic CC to arrive at two levels each of Ca (0.50 and 0.60%), and NPP (0.25 and 0.30%) and four levels of CC (200, 1,200, 2,400 and 3,600 ICU/kg) in a 2x2x4 factorial design. Each diet was fed ad libitum to chicks in 7 pens from 2 to 21 days of age. Body weight gain, feed intake and bone weight increased (p

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::21abb137a55237b37c7cba0def81ba99Test
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2007.237Test

المؤلفون: S. K. Bhanja, S.V. Rama Rao, Arun Kumar Panda, M. V. L. N. Raju

المصدر: Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences. 18:1171-1175

مصطلحات موضوعية: Bran, Phosphorus, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Body weight, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, Bone ash, Nutrient, chemistry, Botany, Alkaline phosphatase, Animal Science and Zoology, Food Science, Specific gravity

الوصف: An experiment was conducted (28 to 44 weeks) to study the laying performance, shell quality, and nutrient retention of White Leghorn layers fed different levels of non-phytate phosphorus (NPP). Six levels of NPP (0.15, 0.18, 0.21, 0.24, 0.27 and 0.30%) at a constant calcium (Ca) level (3.5%) in maize-soya-deoiled rice bran based diets were formulated, and each experimental diet was offered ad libitum for 16 weeks to five replicates with five birds in each replicate. The body weight of WL layers fed diet containing 0.15% NPP was significantly (p

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::eea41d5ef154781bab944098d0888186Test
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1171Test

المؤلفون: S. K. Bhanja, M.V.L.N. Raju, S.V. Rama Rao, Arun Kumar Panda

المصدر: British Poultry Science. 46:464-469

مصطلحات موضوعية: Phytic Acid, Oviposition, chemistry.chemical_element, Biology, Body weight, Bone and Bones, Excretion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Bone strength, Nutrient, Animals, Food science, Eggshell, 6-Phytase, Phytic acid, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Phosphorus, Body Weight, General Medicine, Animal Feed, Diet, chemistry, Dietary Supplements, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Calcium, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Phytase, Chickens, Food Science

الوصف: 1. An experiment with 150 White Leghorn layers was conducted to examine the effect of microbial phytase supplementation of low non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) diets on egg production, eggshell quality, bone mineralisation and retention of nutrients at 32-48 weeks of age. 2. Four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to contain 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 g NPP/kg diet with the two lowest NPP (1.2 and 1.8) supplemented with microbial phytase (Biofeed Phytase, India) at 500 FTU per kg diet. Each diet was offered ad libitum to 5 replicates of 5 layers throughout the experiment. 3. Body weight gain was reduced significantly in the layers fed on the 1.2 g/kg NPP diet as compared to those given diets containing 1.8-3.0 g/kg. Addition of phytase to the 1.2 g/kg diet significantly enhanced the body weight and was comparable with those given diets containing 1.8-3.0 g/kg NPP. 4. No additional advantage resulted from enhancing the NPP levels beyond 1.8 g/kg or adding phytase to a diet containing 1.8 g/kg NPP. 5. Hen d egg production, food intake, food efficiency, shell weight, shell thickness, shell strength and tibia strength followed the same trends as above. However, adding phytase to the 1.8 g/kg NPP diet significantly enhanced tibia ash. Egg weight, specific gravity and Haugh units were influenced by neither NPP concentration nor phytase supplementation. 6. Adding phytase to the 1.2 g/kg NPP diet significantly enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus retention. 7. It was concluded that addition of 500 FTU of microbial phytase/kg diet can allow the reduction of NPP content to 1.2g/kg in the layer diet, eliminate inorganic phosphorus supplementation and results in significant reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus excretion without affecting the production performance of layers.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ebf1d56f85e00ac05abe875f6bb6cba8Test
https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660500191098Test

المؤلفون: N.K. Praharaj, G. Shyam Sunder, Arun Kumar Panda, M.V.L.N. Raju, S.V. Rama Rao

المصدر: Animal Feed Science and Technology. 106:199-208

مصطلحات موضوعية: Meal, Bran, Phosphorus, Broiler, food and beverages, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Biology, Breaking strength, Animal science, chemistry, Biochemistry, medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, medicine.symptom, Weight gain, Dietary Phosphorus

الوصف: Two experiments were conducted to study the requirements of calcium (Ca) for commercial broilers (1–35 day of age) and White Leghorn (WL) layers (196–336 day of age) at a constant levels of phosphorus (P) recommended in the literature. In the first experiment, four levels of Ca (7, 8, 9 and 10 g kg−1) were tested in a maize–soya bean meal and de-oiled rice bran based diets at a constant level of non-phytin phosphorus (NPP) (3.5 g kg−1) with commercial broiler housed in stainless steel battery brooders. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum to 16 replicate groups of six broilers (three males and three female) in each replicate. Level of Ca in the diet significantly influenced the body weight gain (P≤0.05), serum Ca level, tibia ash contents (P≤0.01) and retention (P≤0.05) of Ca and P. The level of Ca in diet did not affect the feed intake, feed per gain, leg abnormality score, net Ca retention and serum P content. The predicted requirements of Ca for maximum weight gain, serum Ca content and tibia ash content were 7.56, 9.72 and 9.83 g kg−1 diet, respectively. In the second experiment, six levels of Ca (32.5, 35, 37.5, 40, 42.5 and 45 g kg−1) were tested in a maize–soya bean meal–sunflower–de-oiled rice bran based diets containing a constant level of NPP (2.8 g kg−1) with layers. The experimental diets were fed ad libitum to six replicate groups (six layers in each replicate) housed in individual cages. Hen day egg production, feed intake, feed egg per mass, shell quality (shell thickness and shell weight), tibia ash content, tibia breaking strength and concentration of Ca and P in serum were not influenced by the level of Ca in the diet. The retention of Ca and P in the broiler experiment and the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase in the layer experiment were inversely related to the level of Ca in the diet. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the requirements of Ca for commercial broilers (1–35 day of age) and WL layers (196–336 day of age) are 7.56 and 32.5 g kg−1 diet, respectively. However, considering the trend seen with serum Ca concentration and tibia ash content in broilers and the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase in layers, it may be desirable to provide 8 and 35 g Ca kg−1 in broiler and layer diets, respectively.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::d7610679bbd0d9bc5addb2c77a5936f8Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-8401Test(02)00296-1

المؤلفون: M. V. L. N. Raju, G. Shyam Sunder, S.V. Rama Rao, R. P. Sharma, Arun Kumar Panda

المصدر: British poultry science. 50(4)

مصطلحات موضوعية: medicine.medical_specialty, Food intake, chemistry.chemical_element, Calcium, Body weight, Weight Gain, Mineralization (biology), chemistry.chemical_compound, Feces, Animal science, Calcification, Physiologic, Bone Density, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Cholecalciferol, Minerals, Tibia, Chemistry, Broiler, Nutritional Requirements, General Medicine, Diet, Calcium, Dietary, Endocrinology, Phosphorus, Dietary, Animal Science and Zoology, Female, medicine.symptom, Weight gain, Chickens, Food Science

الوصف: 1. An experiment was conducted with broiler female chicks (720) to study the effects of graded concentrations (75, 15, 225 or 30 microg/kg) of cholecalciferol (CC) in diets containing varying levels of calcium (Ca) and non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) at a 2:1 ratio (4:2, 5:25, 6:3 or 7:35 g/kg, respectively), on the performance (2-35 d of age), bone mineralisation and mineral (Ca, P, Mn, Fe, Cu) concentration in excreta. 2. Body weight gain, food intake, tibia density and tibia ash increased, and leg abnormality score decreased with dietary increase of CC from 75 to 30 microg at 4 g Ca and 2 g NPP. However, this improvement was not comparable with the birds receiving the highest concentrations of CC, Ca and NPP (30 microg, 7 g and 3.5 g, respectively/kg diet). 3. Significant improvements in the majority of parameters noted with increasing CC up to 225 microg at 5 g Ca and 25 g NPP/kg, which was comparable to those fed the highest levels of CC, Ca and NPP. 4. Concentrations of Ca, P, Mn, Fe and Cu in excreta decreased significantly with increasing CC at all Ca:NPP ratios tested. 5. The predicted requirement of CC for most of the parameters ranged between 1625 and 25 microg/kg diet at 5 g Ca and 25 g NPP. 6. Considering the performance, bone mineralisation, and mineral concentration in excreta, it can be concluded that Ca and NPP levels in broiler diet could be reduced to 5 and 25 g, respectively, while maintaining CC at 25 microg/kg.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::bc460efb4a99c6c6fa5f60d67ef87a0fTest
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19735023Test

المؤلفون: Arun Kumar Panda, Velmurugu Ravindran, S.V. Rama Rao, M. V. L. N. Raju

المصدر: Animal Production Science. 53:523

مصطلحات موضوعية: Methionine, Phosphorus, Lysine, chemistry.chemical_element, Tropics, Calcium, Biology, Feed conversion ratio, Nutrient density, chemistry.chemical_compound, Animal science, chemistry, Agronomy, Environmental management system, Animal Science and Zoology, Food Science

الوصف: An experiment was conducted to study the effect of nutrient density on the performance (21–72 weeks of age) of White Leghorn layers reared in an open-sided poultry house in the tropics. Six diets with graded levels (9.62–11.72 MJ/kg) of metabolisable energy (ME) with an increment of 0.42 MJ were formulated. Concentrations of crude protein, lysine, methionine, calcium and non-phytate phosphorus were kept constant to ME in all diets (15.9, 0.73, 0.35, 3.19 and 0.31 g/MJ ME, respectively). At 21 weeks of age, a total of 5280 birds was distributed randomly in 4-bird colony cages and 22 such cages in a row constituted one replicate. Each diet was fed ad libitum to 10 replicates from 21 to 72 weeks of age and performance parameters were recorded at 28-day intervals (period, 1–13). Egg production (EP) increased (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary ME and maximum response in EP was observed when dietary ME levels ranged between 10.93 and 11.69 MJ/kg during the majority of periods, while in periods 6, 7 and 8 (summer, 28−37°C), maximum EP was observed at higher ME levels in diet (11.64–11.69 MJ/kg diet). Feed intake (P < 0.01) decreased, feed efficiency (P < 0.01), egg mass (P < 0.01) and weight gain (P < 0.05) improved quadratically with increase in dietary ME concentration. Maximum feed efficiency was observed at 11.36 MJ ME/kg diet during 21–72 weeks of age. Egg shell defects were not influenced (P > 0.05) by dietary nutrient density. Mortality reduced quadratically with increase in dietary ME concentration and mortality was minimum at 11.64 MJ ME/kg diet. Based on results from the experiment it was concluded that White Leghorn layers (21–72 weeks of age) require 11.36 MJ ME/kg diet for maximum egg production, feed efficiency and egg mass with better liveability. The calculated intake of metabolisable energy, crude protein, lysine, methionine, calcium and non-phytate phosphorus in layers fed 11.30 MJ ME/kg diet was 1.157 MJ, 18.42 g, 865 mg, 409 mg, 3.68 g and 358 mg per bird per day, respectively.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::a01efe954b38ad06579ad70df49edbbcTest
https://doi.org/10.1071/an12145Test