Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to be the leading cause of mortality related to lung cancer. Substantial advances have been made in the ability to identify oncogenic driver mutations that lead to the molecular cause in lung cancer. These new developments have led to an era of individualized medicine in NSCLC. BRAF in NSCLC is considered an oncogenic driver, which is almost always mutually exclusive from other activating mutations such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The most common BRAF mutation, V600E (Val600Glu), is observed in 1–2% of lung adenocarcinomas. Half of BRAF mutations in NSCLC are BRAF V600E. BRAF is an oncogenic driver in the MAPK pathway (RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK-MAP). Significant adverse reactions can occur and are important to detect and manage.
