المؤلفون: Borbon, Agnès, Gilman, J., Kuster, W., Grand, N., Chevaillier, S., Colomb, A., Dolgorouky, C., Gros, V., Lopez, M., Sarda-Esteve, R., Holloway, J., Stutz, J., Petetin, H., Mckeen, S., Beekmann, M., Warneke, C., Parrish, D., de Gouw, J.

المساهمون: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement Gif-sur-Yvette (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES)

المصدر: ISSN: 2169-897X ; EISSN: 2169-8996.

مصطلحات موضوعية: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment

الوصف: International audience

العلاقة: hal-03117331; https://hal.science/hal-03117331Test; https://hal.science/hal-03117331/documentTest; https://hal.science/hal-03117331/file/jgrd.50059.pdfTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50059Test
https://hal.science/hal-03117331Test
https://hal.science/hal-03117331/documentTest
https://hal.science/hal-03117331/file/jgrd.50059.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Real, Elsa, Law, Kathy S., Schlager, H., Roiger, Anke, Huntrieser, H., Methven, J., Cain, M., Holloway, J., Neuman, J. A., Ryerson, T., Flocke, F., de Gouw, J., Atlas, E., Donnelly, S., Parrish, D.

المساهمون: Service d'aéronomie (SA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre = DLR Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling (DLR), Department of Meteorology Reading, University of Reading (UOR), NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Atmospheric Chemistry Division Boulder, National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder (NCAR), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami Coral Gables, Department of Chemistry Hays, Fort Hays State University

المصدر: ISSN: 1680-7367.

مصطلحات موضوعية: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere

الوصف: International audience ; The photochemical evolution of an anthropogenic plume from the New-York/Boston region during its transport at low altitudes over the North Atlantic to the European west coast has been studied using a Lagrangian framework. This plume, originally strongly polluted, was sampled by research aircraft just off the North American east coast on 3 successive days, and 3 days downwind off the west coast of Ireland where another aircraft re-sampled a weakly polluted plume. Changes in trace gas concentrations during transport were reproduced using a photochemical trajectory model including deposition and mixing effects. Chemical and wet deposition processing dominated the evolution of all pollutants in the plume. The mean net O 3 production was evaluated to be -5 ppbv/day leading to low values of O 3 by the time the plume reached Europe. Wet deposition of nitric acid was responsible for an 80% reduction in this O 3 production. If the plume had not encountered precipitation, it would have reached the Europe with O 3 levels up to 80-90 ppbv, and CO levels between 120 and 140 ppbv. Photochemical destruction also played a more important role than mixing in the evolution of plume CO due to high levels of both O 3 and water vapour showing that CO cannot always be used as a tracer for polluted air masses, especially for plumes transported at low altitudes. The results also show that, in this case, an important increase in the O 3 /CO slope can be attributed to chemical destruction of CO and not to photochemical O 3 production as is often assumed.

العلاقة: hal-00328323; https://hal.science/hal-00328323Test; https://hal.science/hal-00328323/documentTest; https://hal.science/hal-00328323/file/acpd-8-7509-2008.pdfTest

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-7509-2008Test
https://hal.science/hal-00328323Test
https://hal.science/hal-00328323/documentTest
https://hal.science/hal-00328323/file/acpd-8-7509-2008.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Stohl, A., Cooper, O. R., Damoah, R., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Forster, C., Hsie, E.-Y., Hübler, G., Parrish, D. D., Trainer, M.

المساهمون: NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Ecology

المصدر: ISSN: 1680-7316.

مصطلحات موضوعية: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere

الوصف: International audience ; A forecast system has been developed in preparation for an upcoming aircraft measurement campaign, where the same air parcels polluted by emissions over North America shall be sampled repeatedly as they leave the continent, during transport over the Atlantic, and upon their arrival over Europe. This paper describes the model system in advance of the campaign, in order to make the flight planners familiar with the novel model output. The aim of a Lagrangian strategy is to infer changes in the chemical composition and aerosol distribution occurring en route by measured upwind/downwind differences. However, guiding aircraft repeatedly into the same polluted air parcels requires careful forecasting, for which no suitable model system exists to date. This paper describes a procedure using both Eulerian-type (i.e. concentration fields) and Lagrangian-type (i.e. trajectories) model output from the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART to predict the best opportunities for a Lagrangian experiment. The best opportunities are defined as being highly polluted air parcels which receive little or no emission input after the first measurement, which experience relatively little mixing, and which are reachable by as many aircraft as possible. For validation the system was applied to the period of the NARE 97 campaign where approximately the same air masses were sampled on different flights. Measured upwind/downwind differences in carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O 3 ) decreased significantly as the threshold values used for accepting cases as Lagrangian were tightened. This proves that the model system can successfully identify Lagrangian opportunities.

العلاقة: hal-00295467; https://hal.science/hal-00295467Test; https://hal.science/hal-00295467/documentTest; https://hal.science/hal-00295467/file/acp-4-1113-2004.pdfTest

الإتاحة: https://hal.science/hal-00295467Test
https://hal.science/hal-00295467/documentTest
https://hal.science/hal-00295467/file/acp-4-1113-2004.pdfTest

المؤلفون: Monks, P. S., Granier, C., Fuzzi, S., Stohl, A., Williams, M. L., Akimoto, H., Amann, M., Baklanov, A., Baltensperger, U., Bey, I., Blake, N., Blake, R. S., Carslaw, K., Cooper, O. R., Dentener, F., Fowler, D., Fragkou, E., Frost, G. J., Generoso, S., Ginoux, P., Grewe, V., Guenther, A., Hansson, Hans-Christen, Henne, S., Hjorth, J., Hofzumahaus, A., Huntrieser, H., Isaksen, I. S. A., Jenkin, M. E., Kaiser, J., Kanakidou, M., Klimont, Z., Kulmala, M., Laj, P., Lawrence, M. G., Lee, J. D., Liousse, C., Maione, M., McFiggans, G., Metzger, A., Mieville, A., Moussiopoulos, N., Orlando, J. J., O'Dowd, C. D., Palmer, P. I., Parrish, D. D., Petzold, A., Platt, U., Poeschl, U., Prevot, A. S. H., Reeves, C. E., Reimann, S., Rudich, Y., Sellegri, K., Steinbrecher, R., Simpson, D., ten Brink, H., Theloke, J., van der Werf, G. R., Vautard, R., Vestreng, V., Vlachokostas, Ch., von Glasow, R.

المصدر: Atmospheric Environment. 43(33):5268-5350

مصطلحات موضوعية: Atmosphere, Troposphere, Air quality, Emissions, Climate, Co-benefit, Oxidation chemistry, Aerosols, Transport of pollutants, Ozone, NATURAL SCIENCES, Earth sciences, NATURVETENSKAP, Geovetenskap

الوصف: Air quality transcends all scales with in the atmosphere from the local to the global with handovers and feedbacks at each scale interaction. Air quality has manifold effects on health, ecosystems heritage and, climate. In this review the state of scientific understanding in relation to global and regional air quality is outlined. The review discusses air quality, in terms of emissions, processing and transport of trace gases and aerosols. New insights into the characterization of both natural and anthropogenic emissions are reviewed looking at both natural (e.g. dust and lightning) as well as plant emissions. Trends in anthropogenic emissions both by region and globally are discussed as well as biomass burning emissions. In terms of chemical processing the major air quality elements of ozone, non-methane hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and aerosols are covered. A number of topics are presented as a way of integrating the process view into the atmospheric context; these include the atmospheric oxidation efficiency, halogen and HOx chemistry, nighttime chemistry, tropical chemistry, heat waves, megacities, biomass burning and the regional hot spot of the Mediterranean. New findings with respect to the transport of pollutants across the scales are discussed, in particular the move to quantify the impact of long-range transport on regional air quality. Gaps and research questions that remain intractable are identified. The review concludes with a focus of research and policy questions for the coming decade. In particular, the policy challenges for concerted air quality and climate change policy (co-benefit) are discussed.

وصف الملف: print

الوصول الحر: https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-59695Test

المؤلفون: Young, C., Washenfelder, R., Edwards, P., Parrish, D., Gilman, J., Kuster, W., Mielke, L., Osthoff, H., Tsai, C., Pikelnaya, O., Stutz, J., Veres, P., Roberts, J., Griffith, S., Dusanter, S., Stevens, P., Flynn, J., Grossberg, N., Lefer, B., Holloway, J., Peischl, J., Ryerson, T., Atlas, E., Blake, D., Brown, S.

المساهمون: Centre for Energy and Environment (CERI EE - IMT Nord Europe), Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai (IMT Nord Europe), Institut Mines-Télécom Paris (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom Paris (IMT)

المصدر: ISSN: 1680-7316.

مصطلحات موضوعية: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere

الوصف: International audience ; Abstract. The role of chlorine atoms (Cl) in atmospheric oxidation has been traditionally thought to be limited to the marine boundary layer, where they are produced through heterogeneous reactions involving sea salt. However, recent observation of photolytic Cl precursors (ClNO2 and Cl2) formed from anthropogenic pollution has expanded the potential importance of Cl to include coastal and continental urban areas. Measurements of ClNO2 in Los Angeles during CalNex (California Nexus – Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change) showed it to be an important primary (first generation) radical source. Evolution of ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has been proposed as a method to quantify Cl oxidation, but we find no evidence from this approach for a significant role of Cl oxidation in Los Angeles. We use a box model with the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.2) chemistry scheme, constrained by observations in Los Angeles, to examine the Cl sensitivity of commonly used VOC ratios as a function of NOx and secondary radical production. Model results indicate VOC tracer ratios could not detect the influence of Cl unless the ratio of [OH] to [Cl] was less than 200 for at least a day. However, the model results also show that secondary (second generation) OH production resulting from Cl oxidation of VOCs is strongly influenced by NOx, and that this effect obscures the importance of Cl as a primary oxidant. Calculated concentrations of Cl showed a maximum in mid-morning due to a photolytic source from ClNO2 and loss primarily to reactions with VOCs. The [OH] to [Cl] ratio was below 200 for approximately 3 h in the morning, but Cl oxidation was not evident from the measured ratios of VOCs. Instead, model simulations show that secondary OH production causes VOC ratio evolution to follow that expected for OH oxidation, despite the significant input of primary Cl from ClNO2 photolysis in the morning. Even though OH is by far the dominant oxidant in Los Angeles, Cl atoms do play ...

العلاقة: hal-04199559; https://hal.science/hal-04199559Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-3427-2014Test
https://hal.science/hal-04199559Test

المؤلفون: Parrish, D. D., Ryerson, T. B., Mellqvist, J., Johansson, J., Fried, A., Richter, D., Walega, J. G., Washenfelder, R. A., de Gouw, J. A., Peischl, J., Aikin, K. C., McKeen, S. A., Frost, G. J., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Herndon, S. C., Hofzumahaus, A.

المصدر: Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics; 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 7, p3273-3288, 26p

مصطلحات موضوعية: FORMALDEHYDE, ATMOSPHERE, SECONDARY electron emission, ORGANIC compounds, POLLUTANTS, PETROLEUM chemicals industry, VEHICLES & the environment

مصطلحات جغرافية: HOUSTON (Tex.), TEXAS

مستخلص: We evaluate the rates of secondary production and primary emission of formaldehyde (CH2O) from petrochemical industrial facilities and on-road vehicles in the Houston Texas region. This evaluation is based upon ambient measurements collected during field studies in 2000, 2006 and 2009. The predominant CH2O source (92±4% of total) is secondary production formed during the atmospheric oxidation of highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOCs) emitted from the petrochemical facilities. Smaller contributions are primary emissions from these facilities (4±2 %), and secondary production (~3 %) and primary emissions (~1 %) from vehicles. The primary emissions from both sectors are well quantified by current emission inventories. Since secondary production dominates, control efforts directed at primary CH2O emissions cannot address the large majority of CH2O sources in the Houston area, although there may still be a role for such efforts. Ongoing efforts to control alkene emissions from the petrochemical facilities, as well as volatile organic compound emissions from the motor vehicle fleet, will effectively reduce the CH2O concentrations in the Houston region. We do not address other emission sectors, such as off-road mobile sources or secondary formation from biogenic hydrocarbons. Previous analyses based on correlations between ambient concentrations of CH2O and various marker species have suggested much larger primary emissions of CH2O, but those results neglect confounding effects of dilution and loss processes, and do not demonstrate the causes of the observed correlations. Similar problems must be suspected in any source apportionment analysis of secondary species based upon correlations of ambient concentrations of pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المساهمون: Monks, P. (P. S. Monks) (authoraut), Granier, C. (C. Granier) (authoraut), Fuzzi, S. (S. Fuzzi) (authoraut), Stohl, A. (A. Stohl) (authoraut), Williams, M. (M. L. Williams) (authoraut), Akimoto, H. (H. Akimoto) (authoraut), Amann, M. (M. Amann) (authoraut), Baklanov, A. (A. Baklanov) (authoraut), Baltensperger, U. (U. Baltensperger) (authoraut), Bey, I. (I. Bey) (authoraut), Blake, N. (N. Blake) (authoraut), Blake, R. (R. S. Blake) (authoraut), Carslaw, K. (K. Carslaw) (authoraut), Cooper, O. (O. R. Cooper) (authoraut), Dentener, F. (F. Dentener) (authoraut), Fowler, D. (D. Fowler) (authoraut), Fragkou, E. (E. Fragkou) (authoraut), Frost, G. (G. J. Frost) (authoraut), Generoso, S. (S. Generoso) (authoraut), Ginoux, P. (P. Ginoux) (authoraut), Grewe, V. (V. Grewe) (authoraut), Guenther, Alex (Alex Guenther) (authoraut), Hansson, H. (H. C. Hansson) (authoraut), Henne, S. (S. Henne) (authoraut), Hjorth, J. (J. Hjorth) (authoraut), Hofzumahaus, A. (A. Hofzumahaus) (authoraut), Huntrieser, H. (H. Huntrieser) (authoraut), Isaksen, I. (I. S. A. Isaksen) (authoraut), Jenkin, M. (M. E. Jenkin) (authoraut), Kaiser, J. (J. Kaiser) (authoraut), Kanakidou, M. (M. Kanakidou) (authoraut), Klimont, Z. (Z. Klimont) (authoraut), Kulmala, M. (M. Kulmala) (authoraut), Laj, P. (P. Laj) (authoraut), Lawrence, M. (M. G. Lawrence) (authoraut), Lee, J. (J. D. Lee) (authoraut), Liousse, C. (C. Liousse) (authoraut), Maione, M. (M. Maione) (authoraut), McFiggans, G. (G. McFiggans) (authoraut), Metzger, A. (A. Metzger) (authoraut), Mieville, A. (A. Mieville) (authoraut), Moussiopoulos, N. (N. Moussiopoulos) (authoraut), Orlando, John (John J. Orlando) (authoraut), O’Dowd, C. (C. D. O’Dowd) (authoraut), Palmer, P. (P. I. Palmer) (authoraut), Parrish, D. (D. D. Parrish) (authoraut), Petzold, A. (A. Petzold) (authoraut), Platt, U. (U. Platt) (authoraut), Poschl, U. (U. Poschl) (authoraut), Prevot, A. (A. S. H. Prevot) (authoraut), Reeves, C. (C. E. Reeves) (authoraut), Reimann, S. (S. Reimann) (authoraut), Rudich, Y. (Y. Rudich) (authoraut), Sellegri, K. (K. Sellegri) (authoraut), Steinbrecher, R. (R. Steinbrecher) (authoraut), Simpson, D. (D. Simpson) (authoraut), ten Brink, H. (H. ten Brink) (authoraut), Theloke, J. (J. Theloke) (authoraut), van der Werf, G. (G. R. van der Werf) (authoraut), Vautard, R. (R. Vautard) (authoraut), Vestreng, V. (V. Vestreng) (authoraut), Vlachokostas, Ch (Ch Vlachokostas) (authoraut), von Glasow, R. (R. von Glasow) (authoraut)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Atmosphere, Troposphere, Air quality, Emissions, Climate, Co-benefit, Oxidation chemistry, Aerosols, Transport of pollutants, Ozone, geo, envir

الوصف: Air quality transcends all scales with in the atmosphere from the local to the global with handovers and feedbacks at each scale interaction. Air quality has manifold effects on health, ecosystems, heritage and climate. In this review the state of scientific understanding in relation to global and regional air quality is outlined. The review discusses air quality, in terms of emissions, processing and transport of trace gases and aerosols. New insights into the characterization of both natural and anthropogenic emissions are reviewed looking at both natural (e.g. dust and lightning) as well as plant emissions. Trends in anthropogenic emissions both by region and globally are discussed as well as biomass burning emissions. In terms of chemical processing the major air quality elements of ozone, non-methane hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and aerosols are covered. A number of topics are presented as a way of integrating the process view into the atmospheric context; these include the atmospheric oxidation efficiency, halogen and HOx chemistry, nighttime chemistry, tropical chemistry, heat waves, megacities, biomass burning and the regional hot spot of the Mediterranean. New findings with respect to the transport of pollutants across the scales are discussed, in particular the move to quantify the impact of long-range transport on regional air quality. Gaps and research questions that remain intractable are identified. The review concludes with a focus of research and policy questions for the coming decade. In particular, the policy challenges for concerted air quality and climate change policy (co-benefit) are discussed.

العلاقة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.021Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.021Test