Majority of new natural fibres derive from diversified lignocellulosic resources such as bast, bark, stem, leaves, seeds and other cellulosic resources (including wood) and protein such as new silk including spider silk. In the last 16 years, Journal of Natural Fibers published by Haworth Press and then by Taylor and Francis published more than 50 papers dealing with the research on novel natural fibres and describing their properties and potential application. This chapter presents unique in the world collection of these new natural renewable lignocellulosic resources, opening new horizons for enlarging source of raw materials not only for textile but also for modern composite industry. In this chapter, characteristic data and properties of these fibres are presented. It is worth mentioning that the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Poznan, Poland, collects the samples of new natural fibres and places them in the International Bank of Natural Fibres. This collection of wide range of natural fibres could be interesting for the people working for science and research and also students interested in natural fibres.
