نتائج البحث - "Lineage (evolution)"

1

The remarkable dynamics in the establishment, rearrangement, and loss of dentition during the ontogeny of the sterlet sturgeon

المؤلفون: Jindrich Brejcha, Anna Pospisilova, Brian D. Metscher, Vladimir Soukup, Martin Pšenička, Jan Stundl, Robert Cerny

المصدر: Developmental Dynamics. 251:826-845

مصطلحات موضوعية: Dentition, biology, Lineage (evolution), Ontogeny, Fishes, Vertebrate, Biological Evolution, Dental lamina, Sturgeon, Extant taxon, Evolutionary biology, biology.animal, Vertebrates, Animals, Odontogenesis, Evolutionary dynamics, Tooth, Developmental Biology

الوصف: BACKGROUND Sturgeons belong to an early-branching lineage often used as a proxy of ancestor-like traits of ray-finned fishes. However, many features of this lineage, such as the transitory presence and the eventual loss of dentition, exemplify specializations that, in fact, provide important information on lineage-specific evolutionary dynamics. RESULTS Here, we introduce a detailed overview of the dentition during the development of the sterlet sturgeon. The dentition is composed of tooth fields at oral, palatal, and anterior pharyngeal regions. Oral fields are single-rowed, non-renewed and are shed early. Palatal and pharyngeal fields are multi-rowed and renewed from the adjacent superficial epithelium without the presence of the successional dental lamina. The early loss of oral fields and subsequent establishment of palatal and pharyngeal fields leads to a translocation of the functional dentition from the front to the rear of the oropharyngeal cavity until the eventual loss of all teeth. CONCLUSION Our survey shows the sterlet dentition as a dynamic organ system displaying differential composition at different time points in the lifetime of this fish. These dynamics represent a conspicuous feature of sturgeons, unparalleled among extant vertebrates, and appropriate to scrutinize developmental and evolutionary underpinnings of vertebrate odontogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::48441274e2af039711c066cefde8a5bcTest
https://doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.444Test

2

Two new species of Rhinogobius (Gobiiformes: Oxudercidae) from Palawan, Philippines, with their phylogenetic placement

المؤلفون: Hirozumi Kobayashi, Noriyuki Satoh, Chuya Shinzato, Ryo Koyanagi, Ken Maeda, Taiga Kunishima, Herminie P. Palla

المصدر: Zootaxa. 5068(1):81-98

الوصف: Two new species of Rhinogobius found in streams on central part of Palawan Island, Philippines are described. The two new species, Rhinogobius estrellae and Rhinogobius tandikan share unique transverse rows of sensory papillae on the cheek with Rhinogobius similis Gill, 1859, but differ from the latter in fin ray counts, arrangement of the scales, etc. The two new species are distinguished from each other by the pectoral-fin ray count, the longitudinal- and predorsal-scale counts, and colouration of the body. Rhinogobius estrellae new species and R. tandikan new species have been found allopatrically in a stream within Malatgao River system flowing into the Sulu Sea and in the Cayulo River flowing into the South China Sea, respectively. The Malatgao River system is the southernmost habitat of the genus Rhinogobius. Rhinogobius similis had been considered as the only member of the most basal lineage of this genus, but our mitochondrial genome analysis suggested that the two new species are additional members of this lineage. They are considered to be relicts of their common ancestor with R. similis, which probably had a wider distribution.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::98be129c42f7b322642a19b39bc93e8bTest
http://id.nii.ac.jp/1394/00002159Test/

3

Hidden Phylogenomic Signal Helps Elucidate Arsenurine Silkmoth Phylogeny and the Evolution of Body Size and Wing Shape Trade-Offs

المؤلفون: Rodolphe Rougerie, Chris A. Hamilton, Jesse W. Breinholt, Nathalie Winiger, Akito Y. Kawahara, Ian J. Kitching, Jesse R. Barber, Juliette J. Rubin

المصدر: Systematic Biology. 71:859-874

الوصف: One of the key objectives in biological research is understanding how evolutionary processes have produced Earth’s diversity. A critical step toward revealing these processes is an investigation of evolutionary tradeoffs—that is, the opposing pressures of multiple selective forces. For millennia, nocturnal moths have had to balance successful flight, as they search for mates or host plants, with evading bat predators. However, the potential for evolutionary trade-offs between wing shape and body size are poorly understood. In this study, we used phylogenomics and geometric morphometrics to examine the evolution of wing shape in the wild silkmoth subfamily Arsenurinae (Saturniidae) and evaluate potential evolutionary relationships between body size and wing shape. The phylogeny was inferred based on 782 loci from target capture data of 42 arsenurine species representing all 10 recognized genera. After detecting in our data one of the most vexing problems in phylogenetic inference—a region of a tree that possesses short branches and no “support” for relationships (i.e., a polytomy), we looked for hidden phylogenomic signal (i.e., inspecting differing phylogenetic inferences, alternative support values, quartets, and phylogenetic networks) to better illuminate the most probable generic relationships within the subfamily. We found there are putative evolutionary trade-offs between wing shape, body size, and the interaction of fore- and hindwing (HW) shape. Namely, body size tends to decrease with increasing HW length but increases as forewing (FW) shape becomes more complex. Additionally, the type of HW (i.e., tail or no tail) a lineage possesses has a significant effect on the complexity of FW shape. We outline possible selective forces driving the complex HW shapes that make Arsenurinae, and silkmoths as a whole, so charismatic. [Anchored hybrid enrichment; Arsenurinae; geometric morphometrics; Lepidoptera; phylogenomics; Saturniidae.]

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9332fa518da6aa73eaf28a52672c3dd4Test
https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syab090Test

4

‘ Candidatus Gromoviella agglomerans’, a novel intracellular Holosporaceae parasite of the ciliate Paramecium showing marked genome reduction

المؤلفون: Michele Castelli, Natalia Lebedeva, Michele Giovannini, Olivia Lanzoni, Sergei I. Fokin, Giulio Petroni, Davide Sassera, Maksim Melekhin, Leandro Gammuto, Alexey Potekhin

المصدر: Environmental Microbiology Reports. 14:34-49

الوصف: Holosporales are an alphaproteobacterial lineage encompassing bacteria obligatorily associated with multiple diverse eukaryotes. For most representatives, little is known on the interactions with their hosts. In this study, we characterized a novel Holosporales symbiont of the ciliate Paramecium polycaryum. This bacterium inhabits the host cytoplasm, frequently forming quite large aggregates. Possibly due to such aggregates, host cells sometimes displayed lethal division defects. The symbiont was also able to experimentally stably infect another Paramecium polycaryum strain. The bacterium is phylogenetically related with symbionts of other ciliates and diplonemids, forming a putatively fast-evolving clade within the family Holosporaceae. Similarly to many close relatives, it presents a very small genome (

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0429175246d8f9038bd84a7b332ce309Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.13021Test

5

A novel lineage of polyomaviruses identified in bark scorpions

المؤلفون: Arvind Varsani, Chelsea N. Cook, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Dale F. DeNardo, Kara Schmidlin, Darren P. Martin, Koenraad Van Doorslaer, Christopher B. Buck, Simona Kraberger

المصدر: Virology

الوصف: Polyomaviruses are non–enveloped viruses with circular double-stranded DNA genomes that range in size from ∼4–7 kilobasepairs. Initially identified in mammals, polyomaviruses have now been identified in birds and a few fish species. Although fragmentary polyomavirus-like sequences have been detected as apparent ‘hitchhikers’ in shotgun genomics datasets for various arthropods, the possible diversity of these viruses in invertebrates remains unclear. In general, polyomaviruses are host-specific, showing strong evidence of host-virus co–evolution. Identification of polyomaviruses in a broader range of animals could shed useful light on the evolutionary history of this medically important group of viruses. Scorpions are predatory arachnids that are among the oldest terrestrial animals. Thus far, viromes of arachnids have been under–sampled and understudied. Here, high–throughput sequencing and traditional molecular techniques were used to explore the diversity of circular DNA viruses associated with bark scorpions (Centruroides sculpturatus) from the greater Phoenix area, Arizona, USA. The complete genomes of eight novel polyomaviruses were identified. Analysis of Centruroides transcriptomic datasets elucidated the splicing of the viral late gene array, which is more complex than that of vertebrate polyomaviruses. Phylogenetic analysis provides further evidence of co-divergence of polyomaviruses with their hosts, suggesting that at least one ancestral species of polyomaviruses was circulating amongst the primitive common ancestors of arthropods and chordates.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f8efb9cd0b6a47e671566b0a36aa3a7cTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2021.08.008Test

6

Gastropod first intermediate hosts for two species of Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911 (Trematoda): I can’t believe it’s not bivalves!

المؤلفون: Selina Ward, Nicholas Q.-X. Wee, Richard D Corner, Scott C. Cutmore, Thomas H. Cribb

المصدر: International Journal for Parasitology. 51:1035-1046

الوصف: The trematode superfamily Monorchioidea comprises three families of teleost parasites: the Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911, Lissorchiidae Magath, 1917, and Deropristidae Cable & Hunninen, 1942. All presently known lissorchiid and deropristid life cycles have gastropods as first intermediate hosts, whereas those of monorchiids involve bivalves. Here, we report an unexpected intermediate host for monorchiids; two species of Hurleytrematoides Yamaguti, 1954 use gastropods as first intermediate hosts. Sporocysts and cercariae were found infecting two species of the family Vermetidae, highly specialised sessile gastropods that form calcareous tubes, from two locations off the coast of Queensland, Australia. These intramolluscan infections broadly corresponded morphologically to those of known monorchiids in that the cercariae have a spinous tegument, oral and ventral suckers, a simple tail and distinct eye-spots. Given the simplified morphology of intramolluscan infections, genetic data provided a definitive identification. ITS2 rDNA and cox1 mtDNA sequence data from the gastropod infections were identical to two species of Hurleytrematoides, parasites of butterflyfishes (Chaetodontidae); Hurleytrematoides loi McNamara & Cribb, 2011 from Moreton Bay (south-eastern Queensland) and Heron Island (southern Great Barrier Reef) and Hurleytrematoides morandi McNamara & Cribb, 2011 from Heron Island. Notably, species of Hurleytrematoides are positioned relatively basal in the phylogeny of the Monorchiidae and are a sister lineage to that of species known to infect bivalves. Thus, the most parsimonious evolutionary hypothesis to explain infection of gastropods by these monorchiids is that basal monorchiids (in our analyses, species of Cableia Sogandares-Bernal, 1959, Helicometroides Yamaguti, 1934 and Hurleytrematoides) will all prove to infect gastropods, suggesting a single host switching event into bivalves for more derived monorchiids (17 other genera in our phylogenetic analyses). A less parsimonious hypothesis is that the infection of vermetids will prove to be restricted to species of Hurleytrematoides, as an isolated secondary recolonisation of gastropods from a bivalve-infecting lineage. Regardless of how their use arose, vermetids represent a dramatic host jump relative to the rest of the Monorchiidae, one potentially enabled by their specialised feeding biology.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::24072133d2f98fb0bcf6c4f3374c0d9aTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2021.05.003Test

7

Food Plant Shifts Drive the Diversification of Sack-Bearer Moths

المؤلفون: Chandra Earl, Ryan A. St Laurent, Ana Paula S. Carvalho, Akito Y. Kawahara

المصدر: The American Naturalist. 198:E170-E184

مصطلحات موضوعية: Larva, Insecta, Mimallonoidea, Ecology, Lineage (evolution), Moths, Biology, Diversification (marketing strategy), biology.organism_classification, Lepidoptera genitalia, Taxon, Myrtales, Animals, Plants, Edible, Clade, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

الوصف: Lepidoptera are a highly diverse group of herbivorous insects; however, some superfamilies have relatively few species. Two alternative hypotheses for drivers of Lepidoptera diversity are shifts in food plant use or shifts from concealed to external feeding as larvae. Many studies address the former hypothesis but with bias toward externally feeding taxa. One of the most striking examples of species disparity between sister lineages in Lepidoptera is between the concealed-feeding sack-bearer moths (Mimallonoidea), which contain about 300 species, and externally feeding Macroheterocera, which have over 74,000 species. We provide the first dated tree of Mimallonidae to understand the diversification dynamics of these moths in order to fill a knowledge gap pertaining to drivers of diversity within an important concealed-feeding clade. We find that Mimallonidae is an ancient Lepidoptera lineage that originated in the Cretaceous ∼105 million years ago and has had a close association with the plant order Myrtales for the past 40 million years. Diversification dynamics are tightly linked with food plant usage in this group. Reliance on Myrtales may have influenced diversification of Mimallonidae because clades that shifted away from the ancestral condition of feeding on Myrtales have the highest speciation rates in the family.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::8905be4336313db669d136046d478537Test
https://doi.org/10.1086/716661Test

8

Two new species of Megophrys Kuhl and Van Hasselt (Amphibia: Megophryidae) from Sumatra, Indonesia

المؤلفون: Munir, Misbahul, Nishikawa, Kanto, Hamidy, Amir, Smith, Eric N.

المصدر: Zootaxa. 5057:503-529

مصطلحات موضوعية: Species complex, Geography, biology, Megophryidae, Lineage (evolution), Zoology, Biodiversity, biology.organism_classification, Amphibia, Megophrys, Indonesia, Genus, Genetic variation, Molecular phylogenetics, Animalia, Animals, Animal Science and Zoology, Taxonomy (biology), Anura, Chordata, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy

الوصف: We evaluated the taxonomic status of the genus Megophrys in Sumatra using molecular and morphological data. Mitochondrial phylogenetic inference and morphological data revealed two undescribed species, one in southern Sumatra—M. selatanensis sp. nov. and one in northern Sumatra—M. acehensis sp. nov. We also detected a potential cryptic species within M. parallela, but refrain from describing this lineage here due to insufficient data. Genetic variation within Sumatran Megophrys is highly structured and will require additional geographic sampling to understand the interplay between geography and genetics in Sumatran Megophrys.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::de7317041859bfecd60264acff043144Test
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5057.4.3Test

9

Molecular systematics and genital morphology of the Neotropical cockroaches from the genus Xestoblatta (Blattellidae)

المؤلفون: Andrés Vélez-Bravo, Juan M. Daza

المصدر: Zootaxa. 5057:1-28

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Insecta, Arthropoda, Blattodea, Phylogenetic tree, Ectobiidae, Lineage (evolution), Blattellidae, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Biodiversity, Biology, Monophyly, Sensu, Phylogenetics, Evolutionary biology, Genus, Molecular phylogenetics, Animals, Animalia, Animal Science and Zoology, Genitalia, Clade, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Taxonomy

الوصف: The Neotropics harbors a tremendous diversity of cockroaches yet their evolutionary history is largely unknown. We reconstructed for the first time the phylogeny of the Neotropical genus Xestoblatta Hebard using mitochondrial and nuclear genes from 12 species distributed in Central America and northern South America. Additionally, we conducted a morphological analysis of external characters and male genitalia. In the phylogenetic analysis we recovered the genus Xestoblatta as non-monophyletic, resulting in three unrelated lineages. From the morphological variability described here, we identified three different morphological groups matching the phylogenetic results. The phylogenetic relationships of the three lineages within the Blattellidae were partially resolved. Lineage 1 was nested within a supported clade corresponding to the tribes Blattellini + Symplocini, while lineages 2 and 3 nested within the clade corresponding to the tribe Pseudomopini. Based on our results, we propose to divide Xestoblatta (sensu lato) into three monophyletic genera: Antroxestoblatta gen.n., Sinatablatta gen.n., and Xestoblatta (sensu stricto). We also describe a new species Sinatablatta magdalenensis sp.n. and propose a taxonomic rearrangement for Xestoblatta (sensu lato).

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::536bf1c71d7fc7c0cefc193249d543a2Test
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5057.3.1Test

10

Genetic diversity and the origins of parthenogenesis in the teiid lizard Aspidoscelis laredoensis

المؤلفون: Anthony J. Barley, James E. Cordes, Robert C. Thomson, James M. Walker

المصدر: Molecular Ecology. 31:266-278

الوصف: Unisexual vertebrates typically form through hybridization events between sexual species in which reproductive mode transitions occur in the hybrid offspring. This evolutionary history is thought to have important consequences for the ecology of unisexual lineages and their interactions with congeners in natural communities. However, these consequences have proven challenging to study owing to uncertainty about patterns of population genetic diversity in unisexual lineages. Of particular interest is resolving the contribution of historical hybridization events versus post formational mutation to patterns of genetic diversity in nature. Here we use restriction site associated DNA genotyping to evaluate genetic diversity and demographic history in Aspidoscelis laredoensis, a diploid unisexual lizard species from the vicinity of the Rio Grande River in southern Texas and northern Mexico. The sexual progenitor species from which one or more lineages are derived also occur in the Rio Grande Valley region, although patterns of distribution across individual sites are quite variable. Results from population genetic and phylogenetic analyses resolved the major axes of genetic variation in this species and highlight how these match predictions based on historical patterns of hybridization. We also found discordance between results of demographic modelling using different statistical approaches with the genomic data. We discuss these insights within the context of the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that generate and maintain lineage diversity in unisexual species. As one of the most dynamic, intriguing, and geographically well investigated groups of whiptail lizards, these species hold substantial promise for future studies on the constraints of diversification in unisexual vertebrates.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::1182ce3d0680aba9ceb754774ee193c2Test
https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.16213Test

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