المؤلفون: Regina Anders-Jefferson, Lauren Mason, Brandon Zimiga, Kenneth R. Paap

المصدر: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Autism quotient, Physical activity, 050105 experimental psychology, Executive Function, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Negatively associated, Avoidance Learning, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Autistic Disorder, Students, Everyday life, Exercise, Original Paper, Autism traits, 05 social sciences, Normal intelligence, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Affect, Autism, Female, Self Report, Executive functioning, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology

الوصف: Are Autism Quotient (AQ) scores related to executive functioning (EF)? We sampled 200 students of normal intelligence and examined the relationship between AQ scores and: (a) 5 self-ratings of EF, (b) 5 performance-based measures of EF, and (c) 5 types of activities or experiences that are assumed to recruit EF and sometimes enhance EF. Our findings reveal that as AQ scores increase, self-rated EF ability decreases. AQ scores and self-reported EF measures do not correlate with objective EF task performance. Furthermore, AQ scores were shown to be negatively associated with many specific types of physical activity. As AQ scores increase, individuals report fewer positive reasons for exercise and more rationalizations for not engaging in more exercise.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2c4c87384cf1880d08291a010b5a5473Test
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04741-8Test

المؤلفون: Daniel M. Blumberger, Stephanie H. Ameis, Peter Szatmari, Pushpal Desarkar, Meng-Chuan Lai, Zafiris J. Daskalakis, Paul E. Croarkin, Donald J. Mabbott

المصدر: Brain Stimulation, Vol 13, Iss 3, Pp 539-547 (2020)
Brain stimulation

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Youth, Autism Spectrum Disorder, medicine.medical_treatment, Autism, Pilot Projects, stimulation, law.invention, Executive Function, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Intellectual disability, Medicine, education.field_of_study, General Neuroscience, 05 social sciences, Middle Aged, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, 3. Good health, Clinical trial, medicine.anatomical_structure, Autism spectrum disorder, Female, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, Population, Biophysics, Prefrontal Cortex, Intervention, behavioral disciplines and activities, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Double-Blind Method, mental disorders, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, education, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, business.industry, medicine.disease, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, Neurology (clinical), Repetitive transcranial magnetic, business, Executive functioning, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery

الوصف: Background In youth and young adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), executive function (EF) deficits may be a promising treatment target with potential impact on everyday functioning. Objective To conduct a pilot randomized, double-blind, parallel, controlled trial evaluating repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for EF deficits in ASD. Method In Toronto, Ontario (November 2014 to June 2017), a 20-session, 4-week course of 20 Hz rTMS targeting dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (90%RMT) was compared to sham stimulation in 16–35 year-olds with ASD (28 male/12 female), without intellectual disability, who had impaired everyday EF performance (n = 20 active/n = 20 sham). Outcome measures evaluated protocol feasibility and clinical effects of active vs. sham rTMS on EF performance. The moderating effect of baseline functioning was explored. Results Of eligible participants, 95% were enrolled and 95% of randomized participants completed the protocol. Adverse events across treatment arms were mild-to-moderate. There was no significant difference between active vs. sham rTMS on EF performance. Baseline adaptive functioning moderated the effect of rTMS, such that participants with lower baseline functioning experienced significant EF improvement in the active vs. sham group. Conclusions Our pilot RCT demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of using high frequency rTMS targeting DLPFC in youth and young adults with autism. No evidence for efficacy of active versus sham rTMS on EF performance was found. However, we found promising preliminary evidence of EF performance improvement following active versus sham rTMS in participants with ASD with more severe adaptive functioning deficits. Future work could focus on examining efficacy of rTMS in this higher-need population. Clinical trial registration Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) for Executive Function Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Effects on Brain Structure: A Pilot Study; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02311751?termTest = ameisr NCT02311751. The trial was funded by: an American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Pilot Research Award, the Innovation Fund from the Alternate Funding Plan of the Academic Health Sciences Centres of Ontario, and an Ontario Mental Health Foundation (OMHF) Project A Grant and New Investigator Fellowship.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0f655c39fdbba8b5f5a9ca98ed6db3cfTest
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X20300073Test

المؤلفون: MaryJane S Campbell, Cynthia A. Berg, Deborah J. Wiebe, Sara L. Turner, Jonathan Butner, Yana Suchy

المصدر: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS, vol 26, iss 4

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Glycated Hemoglobin A, Intelligence, Chronic illness, Medical and Health Sciences, Executive Function, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Psychomotor learning, General Neuroscience, Diabetes, Contrast (statistics), Experimental Psychology, Adolescence, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Mental Health, Female, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, Type 1, Clinical psychology, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, Diabetes management, Behavioral and Social Science, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, Baseline (configuration management), Metabolic and endocrine, Glycemic, Glycated Hemoglobin, Type 1 diabetes, 030505 public health, Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Neurosciences, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, chemistry, Adherence, Chronic Disease, Patient Compliance, Neurology (clinical), Glycated hemoglobin, Executive functioning, Psychomotor Performance

الوصف: Objectives:To examine the contributions of two aspects of executive functioning (executive cognitive functions and behavioral control) to changes in diabetes management across emerging adulthood.Methods:Two hundred and forty-seven high school seniors with type 1 diabetes were assessed at baseline and followed up for 3 years. The baseline assessment battery included performance-based measures of executive cognitive functions, behavioral control, IQ estimate (IQ-est), and psychomotor speed; self-report of adherence to diabetes regimen; and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assay kits as a reflection of glycemic control.Results:Linear and quadratic growth curve models were used to simultaneously examine baseline performance on four cognitive variables (executive cognitive functions, behavioral control, IQ, and psychomotor speed) as predictors of indices of diabetes management (HbA1c and adherence) across four time points. Additionally, general linear regressions examined relative contributions of each cognitive variable at individual time points. The results showed that higher behavioral control at baseline was related to lower (better) HbA1c levels across all four time points. In contrast, executive cognitive functions at baseline were related to HbA1c trajectories, accounting for increasingly more HbA1c variance over time with increasing transition to independence. IQ-est was not related to HbA1c levels or changes over time, but accounted instead for HbA1c variance at baseline (while teens were still living at home), above and beyond all other variables. Cognition was unrelated to adherence.Conclusions:Different aspects of cognition play a different role in diabetes management at different time points during emerging adulthood years.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::dcd1c2f72fc280ab4c2309e6b76aa2a6Test
https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719001310Test

المؤلفون: Poppy L. A. Schoenberg, Sevket Hepark, Rogier Donders, Cornelis C. Kan, Anne E. M. Speckens, Lotte Janssen, Alicia M. de Vries

المصدر: Journal of Attention Disorders, 23, 4, pp. 351-362
Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(4), 351-362. SAGE Publications Inc.
Journal of Attention Disorders, 23, 351-362

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Mindfulness, medicine.medical_treatment, Stress-related disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 13], INVENTORY, Anxiety, Patient functioning, law.invention, Executive Function, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Developmental and Educational Psychology, adults, MINDFULNESS, Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, OUTCOME QUESTIONNAIRE, ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, 05 social sciences, Middle Aged, PREVALENCE, Clinical Psychology, Treatment Outcome, RELIABILITY, Female, Psychology, executive functioning, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology, Adult, Adolescent, Waiting Lists, DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, Other Research Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 0], behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, mental disorders, medicine, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Humans, ADHD, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Working memory, Other Research Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 0], COGNITIVE THERAPY, PERFORMANCE, medicine.disease, patient functioning, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cognitive therapy, Self Report, Core symptoms, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, WORKING-MEMORY CAPACITY

الوصف: Contains fulltext : 203266.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness as a treatment for adults diagnosed with ADHD. A 12-week-adapted mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) program is compared with a waiting list (WL) group. METHOD: Adults with ADHD were randomly allocated to MBCT ( n = 55) or waitlist ( n = 48). Outcome measures included investigator-rated ADHD symptoms (primary), self-reported ADHD symptoms, executive functioning, depressive and anxiety symptoms, patient functioning, and mindfulness skills. RESULTS: MBCT resulted in a significant reduction of ADHD symptoms, both investigator-rated and self-reported, based on per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. Significant improvements in executive functioning and mindfulness skills were found. Additional analyses suggested that the efficacy of MBCT in reducing ADHD symptoms and improving executive functioning is partially mediated by an increase in the mindfulness skill "Act With Awareness." No improvements were observed for depressive and anxiety symptoms, and patient functioning. CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary support for the effectiveness of MBCT for adults with ADHD.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::9159688b52b3f64257bca3afd928a381Test
https://hdl.handle.net/11370/1d1c1930-bfaa-4703-8bb9-359c17d84176Test

المؤلفون: Bruce Crosson, Tricia Z. King, Hui Mao, Vonetta M. Dotson, Longchuan Li, Tobey J. MacDonald, Sabrina Na

المصدر: NeuroImage : Clinical
NeuroImage: Clinical, Vol 20, Iss, Pp 485-497 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain tumor survivorship, Brain tumor, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, Network topology, Cognitive flexibility, lcsh:RC346-429, Diffusion MRI, White matter, 03 medical and health sciences, Executive Function, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Cognition, Fractional anisotropy, Neural Pathways, Medicine, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Long-term outcomes, Survivors, Young adult, Child, lcsh:Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, Brain Mapping, business.industry, Brain Neoplasms, Brain, Regular Article, medicine.disease, White Matter, Graph theory, medicine.anatomical_structure, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Neurology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, lcsh:R858-859.7, Neurology (clinical), Nerve Net, business, Executive functioning, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tractography

الوصف: Adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors exhibit deficits in executive functioning. Given that brain tumors and medical treatments for brain tumors result in disruptions to white matter, a network analysis was used to explore the topological properties of white matter networks. This study used diffusion tensor imaging and deterministic tractography in 38 adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors (mean age in years = 23.11 (SD = 4.96), 54% female, mean years post diagnosis = 14.09 (SD = 6.19)) and 38 healthy peers matched by age, gender, handedness, and socioeconomic status. Nodes were defined using the Automated Anatomical Labeling (AAL) parcellation scheme, and edges were defined as the mean fractional anisotropy of streamlines that connected each node pair. Global efficiency and average clustering coefficient were reduced in survivors compared to healthy peers with preferential impact to hub regions. Global efficiency mediated differences in cognitive flexibility between survivors and healthy peers, as well as the relationship between cumulative neurological risk and cognitive flexibility. These results suggest that adult survivors of pediatric brain tumors, on average one and a half decades post brain tumor diagnosis and treatment, exhibit altered white matter topology in the form of suboptimal integration and segregation of large scale networks, and that disrupted topology may underlie executive functioning impairments. Network based studies provided important topographic insights on network organization in long-term survivors of pediatric brain tumor.
Highlights • Long term brain tumor survivorship is associated with altered white matter networks. • Hub regions were preferentially impacted in survivors. • Network properties explain cognitive flexibility differences between survivors and peers.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::76bf8d883cfd8549b1ddb50421d3627eTest
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6105768Test

المؤلفون: Geert Jan Groeneveld, Adam F. Cohen, Gijs W. E. Santen, Matthijs D. Kruizinga, Robert Doll, Rob Zuiker, Marieke L. de Kam, Elif Sali

المصدر: Neurotherapeutics
Neurotherapeutics, 17, 1300-1310. SPRINGER

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Adolescent, Endpoint Determination, Electroencephalography, 03 medical and health sciences, Executive Function, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Cognition, Intellectual Disability, Intellectual disability, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Animals, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Child, Pharmacology, Eye tracking, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, Endpoint, ARID1B, DNA-Binding Proteins, Electrophysiology, 030104 developmental biology, Tolerability, Case-Control Studies, Child, Preschool, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Observational study, Female, Original Article, Neurology (clinical), business, Executive functioning, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Photic Stimulation, Biomarkers, Transcription Factors

الوصف: There is a lack of reliable, repeatable, and non-invasive clinical endpoints when investigating treatments for intellectual disability (ID). The aim of this study is to explore a novel approach towards developing new endpoints for neurodevelopmental disorders, in this case for ARID1B-related ID. In this study, twelve subjects with ARID1B-related ID and twelve age-matched controls were included in this observational case–control study. Subjects performed a battery of non-invasive neurobehavioral and neurophysiological assessments on two study days. Test domains included cognition, executive functioning, and eye tracking. Furthermore, several electrophysiological assessments were performed. Subjects wore a smartwatch (Withings® Steel HR) for 6 days. Tests were systematically assessed regarding tolerability, variability, repeatability, difference with control group, and correlation with traditional endpoints. Animal fluency, adaptive tracking, body sway, and smooth pursuit eye movements were assessed as fit-for-purpose regarding all criteria, while physical activity, heart rate, and sleep parameters show promise as well. The event-related potential waveform of the passive oddball and visual evoked potential tasks showed discriminatory ability, but EEG assessments were perceived as extremely burdensome. This approach successfully identified fit-for-purpose candidate endpoints for ARID1B-related ID and possibly for other neurodevelopmental disorders. Next, results could be replicated in different ID populations or the assessments could be included as exploratory endpoint in interventional trials in ARID1B-related ID. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13311-020-00868-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::97677620187efa274fe2c598779a399bTest
https://hdl.handle.net/1887/3181370Test

المؤلفون: Yunhua Xiao, Xiaoyan Ke, Yao Wang, Jiao Weng, Chunyan Li, Hui Fang, Yun Li, Peiying Jin, Nana Qiu

المصدر: BMC Psychiatry
BMC Psychiatry, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, High-functioning autism spectrum disorder, Fair decision-making, Adolescent, lcsh:RC435-571, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Decision Making, Theory of Mind, Neuropsychological Tests, 050105 experimental psychology, Developmental psychology, Executive Function, lcsh:Psychiatry, Theory of mind, mental disorders, Dual-process theories, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Spectrum disorder, Autistic Disorder, Child, Ultimatum game, Working memory, 05 social sciences, Regression analysis, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, High-functioning autism, Psychiatry and Mental health, Memory, Short-Term, Autism spectrum disorder, Female, Executive functioning, Psychology, Research Article, 050104 developmental & child psychology

الوصف: Background Fairness has received much attention in our society. At present, the findings regarding fair decision-making in high-functioning autism spectrum disorder (HF-ASD) are inconsistent. Previous studies have shown that the fair decision-making of typically developing children is influenced by theory of mind (ToM) and executive functioning (EF). As those with HF-ASD have defects in both domains, this study aims to explore the differences in fair decision-making between children and adolescents with HF-ASD and those with typical development (TD). Methods We used a simple ultimatum game (UG) to explore 31 children and adolescents with HF-ASD and 38 children and adolescents with TD. T tests and chi-square tests were used to compare group differences, and Pearson correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyse the mechanisms influencing the two groups’ unfair acceptance rates. Results The results show that children with HF-ASD are more likely to accept unfair offers, but for adolescents, the difference is not significant. Regression analysis showed that the interaction between the behavior regulation index (BRI) and age could negatively predict the unfair acceptance rate of children and adolescents with HF-ASD. Working memory and ToM can negatively predict the unfair acceptance rate of those with TD. Conclusion This study concluded that the development of fair decision-making by children and adolescents with HF-ASD falls far behind that of those with TD. Intuition processes play a dominant role in the fair decision-making processes of children and adolescents with HF-ASD, and we believe that comorbidity, age, experience and emotional management are important factors influencing the fair decision-making of individuals with HF-ASD.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::280cc47327eb02b857d4918ac45de630Test
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02562-8Test

المؤلفون: Wouter G. Staal, Tim Ziermans, Renee Dijkhuis, Leo M. J. de Sonneville, Hanna Swaab

المساهمون: Brein en Cognitie (Psychologie, FMG)

المصدر: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(4), 1353-1363. Springer New York
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(4), 1353-1363
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50, 4, pp. 1353-1363
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50, 1353-1363

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Higher education, Adolescent, Autism, Short-term memory, Academic achievement, 03 medical and health sciences, Executive Function, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Academic Performance, mental disorders, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Young adult, Autistic Disorder, Students, Original Paper, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], business.industry, Working memory, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, Cognitive flexibility, Cognition, medicine.disease, Memory, Short-Term, Female, Self Report, Psychology, business, Executive functioning, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology, Young adults

الوصف: Many students with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) attending higher education drop out prematurely. The predictive value of self-reported daily executive functioning (EF) and (cognitive) performance-based EF (mental flexibility and working memory) for academic progress was evaluated in 54 young adults with ASD (Mage = 22.5, SD = 2.4, 72% male). Regression analyses showed that autism symptom severity explained 12% of variance in academic progress, which was raised to 36% by adding self-reported daily EF, and to 25% by adding performance-based EF. It is suggested that EF is a candidate marker for academic progress in higher education students with ASD and a candidate target for early intervention.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::ab796e438a0afd5be3d0b7bb56d8529aTest
https://dare.uva.nl/personal/pure/en/publications/autism-symptomsTest-executive-functioning-and-academic-progress-in-higher-education-students(5d3a8018-978d-4b0f-97ed-2d7066474e5b).html

المؤلفون: Julia E Werhahn, Ilyas Sagar-Ouriaghli, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Barbara Franke, Andrea Dietrich, Celso Arango, Jeffrey C. Glennon, Ulrike M. E. Schulze, Josefina Castro-Fornieles, Michael C. Craig, Paramala Santosh, Maria J Penzol, Jan K. Buitelaar, Pascal M Aggensteiner, Jilly Naaijen, Renee Kleine Deters, Arjun Sethi, Melanie C Saam, Tobias Banaschewski, Mireia Rosa, Daniel Brandeis

المساهمون: University of Zurich, Kleine Deters, Renee, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP)

المصدر: Dipòsit Digital de la UB
Universidad de Barcelona
World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 21, 7, pp. 539-551
World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 21, 539-551
World journal of biological psychiatry, 21(7), 539-551. Taylor & Francis Ltd

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Trastorns per dèficit d'atenció amb hiperactivitat en els infants, SYMPTOMS, Emotions, CHILDHOOD, Attention-deficit, CHILDREN, Comorbidity, Anger, Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity in children, Executive Function, 2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, 0302 clinical medicine, DEFICITS, 130 000 Cognitive Neurology & Memory, emotion recognition, MALE-ADOLESCENTS, Child, media_common, Neuropsychology, 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sadness, Psychiatry and Mental health, oppositional defiant disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Conduct disorder, hyperactivity disorder, Female, Psychology, executive functioning, 2803 Biological Psychiatry, BEHAVIOR, Clinical psychology, Conduct Disorder, Hiperactivitat, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, education, 610 Medicine & health, Emocions en els infants, 03 medical and health sciences, WORKING-MEMORY, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Biological Psychiatry, FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], PAST 10 YEARS, Working memory, ATTENTION, medicine.disease, Disgust, Hyperactivity, 030227 psychiatry, Emotions in children, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Neurocognitive

الوصف: Contains fulltext : 229419.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Objectives: Executive functioning and emotion recognition may be impaired in disruptive youth, yet findings in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are inconsistent. We examined these functions related to ODD and CD, accounting for comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and internalising symptoms.Methods: We compared executive functioning (visual working memory, visual attention, inhibitory control) and emotion recognition between youth (8-18 years old, 123 boys, 55 girls) with ODD (n = 44) or CD (with/without ODD, n = 48), and healthy controls (n = 86). We also related ODD, CD, and ADHD symptom counts and internalising symptomatology to all outcome measures, as well as executive functioning to emotion recognition.Results: Visual working memory and inhibitory control were impaired in the ODD and CD groups versus healthy controls. Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness recognition were impaired in the CD group; only anger recognition was impaired in the ODD group. Deficits were not explained by comorbid ADHD or internalising symptoms. Visual working memory was associated with recognition of all basic emotions.Conclusions: Our findings challenge the view that neuropsychological impairments in youth with ODD/CD are driven by comorbid ADHD and suggest possible distinct neurocognitive mechanisms in CD versus ODD.

وصف الملف: application/pdf; Kleine_Deters_et_al_2020_Executive_functioning_and_emotion_recognition_in_youth_with_oppositional_defiant_disorder_and_or_conduct_disorder.pdf - application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::aacc75013846471455f9a64348e0b207Test
http://hdl.handle.net/2445/174780Test

المؤلفون: Verbeken, S., Braet, C., Naets, T., Houben, K., Boendermaker, W. J., Social and personality development: A transactional approach, Afd Psychologische functieleer, Experimental Psychology (onderzoeksprogramma PF), Helmholtz Institute

المساهمون: Section Eating Disorders and Obesity, RS: FPN CPS II, Social and personality development: A transactional approach, Afd Psychologische functieleer, Experimental Psychology (onderzoeksprogramma PF), Helmholtz Institute

المصدر: Appetite, 123, 439-447. Elsevier Science
Appetite, 123, 439. Academic Press Inc.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, 050103 clinical psychology, Elementary cognitive task, Adolescent, Health Behavior, Child Behavior, Pilot Projects, Attentional bias, Choice Behavior, 050105 experimental psychology, Childhood obesity, Body Mass Index, Task (project management), Eating, Food Preferences, Cognition, medicine, Humans, Attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Obesity, Child, Health Education, General Psychology, Caloric Restriction, Inhibition, Nutrition and Dietetics, Body Weight, 05 social sciences, Approach/avoidance, medicine.disease, Computer training, Inhibition, Psychological, Treatment Outcome, Adolescent Behavior, Feasibility Studies, Female, Diet, Healthy, Executive functioning, Psychology, Training program, Clinical psychology

الوصف: Obesity is a widespread problem that starts from an early age. Previous studies suggest that obese youngsters have an attentional bias and an automatic approach tendency towards high-calorie food and display difficulties inhibiting impulses, which may result in a higher intake of (high-calorie) food. An interesting idea for improvement of the current obesity treatment is adding a program that enables to train their difficulties. Subjects were 36 youngsters aged 9-15 years old from an inpatient treatment program for obesity, randomized over a training group and an active control group. The training consisted of six training sessions with cognitive tasks aimed at enhancing inhibition towards unhealthy food items (with a go/no-go task), as well as decreasing a food approach bias (using an approach/avoidance task) and a food attentional bias (using a dot-probe task). The current study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability and initial effectiveness of the training and explores if these characteristics helps obese youngsters to maintain weight-loss once they return home at the end of their inpatient treatment program. Results on the cognitive performances were investigated during two measurement sessions, spread over 5 weeks while weight evolution was followed over 13 weeks. Results showed that the training program was feasible and acceptable to the majority of participants and clinicians. Furthermore, the preliminary findings suggest that the training tasks used were ineffective in this group of obese children. Lessons learned and suggestions for future research are discussed.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c9aa835c2fc72ea5c54e84a8a0200534Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.029Test