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المؤلفون: Atle Midttun, Torjus Folsland Bolkesjø, Per Kristian Rørstad, Erik Trømborg, Eirik Ogner Jåstad, Judit Sandquist
المصدر: Energies
Energies, Vol 14, Iss 2073, p 2073 (2021)
Energies; Volume 14; Issue 8; Pages: 2073مصطلحات موضوعية: Control and Optimization, biofuel, forest sector model, partial equilibrium, harvest residues, Natural resource economics, 020209 energy, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, Electrification, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Sector model, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), 040101 forestry, Consumption (economics), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, lcsh:T, Partial equilibrium, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Renewable energy, Biofuel, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Profitability index, Business, Energy (miscellaneous)
الوصف: This study applies a partial equilibrium forest sector model to analyse the impacts of biofuel deployment for road transport in the Nordic countries, when alternative use of the biomass resources and transport sector electrification are considered. We foresee a strong electrification of the transport sector, resulting in a demand for biofuels of approximately 2.5 billion L in 2035 and 1 billion L in 2050 in a 100% fossil-free base scenario. The simultaneous increase in demand from pulping industries and biofuel will cause an overall increase in wood use, of which the biofuels share will constitute approximately 20–25%. The utilization of harvest residues will increase more than 300% compared to the current level, since biofuel production will reallocate some of the current raw material used in district heating. Biofuel consumption in road transport will likely reduce after 2040 due to increasing electrification, but it is plausible that the declining domestic demand will be replaced by increasing demand from international biofuel markets in aviation and shipping. The main uncertainties in the scenarios are the future costs and profitability of forest-based biofuel technologies and the public acceptance of the close to 100 TWh of new renewable electricity production needed for the electrification of Nordic road transport.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::0f738394e2119436944560b2adf3083eTest
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2755643Test -
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المؤلفون: Chrysostomos Tabakis, Gal Hochman
المصدر: Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 7602, p 7602 (2020)
Sustainability
Volume 12
Issue 18مصطلحات موضوعية: Supply shock, numerical analysis, Natural resource economics, 020209 energy, Geography, Planning and Development, TJ807-830, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, TD194-195, 01 natural sciences, Renewable energy sources, Supply and demand, South Korea, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electricity market, environmental and economic impact, GE1-350, Livestock manure, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biomass, Environmental effects of industries and plants, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Partial equilibrium, bioelectricity, partial equilibrium, Environmental sciences, Electricity generation, Environmental science, Portfolio, Electricity, business
الوصف: We investigate the bioelectricity potential of South Korea and the ramifications of the introduction of biomass use in electricity production for the Korean electricity market. The novelty of our study lies in that we consider a broad portfolio of biomass-energy technologies and carefully analyze their potential economic and environmental implications for South Korea given its biomass availability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to attempt this in the context of South Korea. We first offer a preliminary assessment of South Korea&rsquo
s theoretical biomass potential from forestry residues, livestock manure, and staple crops and of the amount of electricity that could be generated using these different biomass feedstocks. Our analysis suggests that biomass can be used to produce a substantial portion of the total electricity consumed annually in South Korea. In addition, out of all the feedstocks and technologies considered, pyrolysis of forestry residues could potentially impact the electricity market the most. Next, we simulate different bioelectricity supply shocks while randomly perturbing our model&rsquo
s demand and supply elasticity parameters using the Monte Carlo methodology. Our results demonstrate that the introduction of bioelectricity could significantly affect South Korea&rsquo
s electricity market as well as its CO2 emissions.وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::91368adb513665424295946c7dd61a8dTest
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/18/7602Test -
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المؤلفون: Jacek Dach, Łukasz Mamica, Rafał Pudełko, Anna Jędrejek, Patrycja Pochwatka, Andrea Bartoli, Kesheng Shu, Stelios Rozakis, Alina Kowalczyk-Juśko
المصدر: Energies, Vol 14, Iss 3738, p 3738 (2021)
Energies; Volume 14; Issue 13; Pages: 3738مصطلحات موضوعية: Technology, Control and Optimization, 020209 energy, media_common.quotation_subject, Agricultural biogas, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Profit (economics), Biogas, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Land use, land-use change and forestry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering (miscellaneous), Sorghum, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, agricultural biogas, mathematical programming, Poland, sorghum, manure, Partial equilibrium, Mathematical programming, Building and Construction, Environmental economics, Manure, Shock (economics), Agriculture, Profitability index, Business, Psychological resilience, Energy (miscellaneous)
الوصف: Summarization: Biogas development is expected to contribute to the National Recovery and Resilience plan to overcome the COVID-19 shock. Estimation of the agricultural biogas potential in economic terms can contribute to refining policies inciting effective sector development. In this paper, we attempt to do so by modeling a biogas chain from dedicated crops and livestock waste. This was achieved by coupling farming models to the biogas industry in a partial equilibrium framework. This allows for a comprehensive investigation of alternative measures in technology, size, spatial distribution and land use change. The integrated model was implemented in Lubelskie for the previous policy (green certificates) and the current policy (auction market). In both cases, the bottom-up profit driven optimization resulted in approximately 40 MWel, which shows a robust economic potential more than four times the biogas sector’s actual capacity in the region, also providing the detailed structure of the sector. When focusing on the industry structure, both scenarios give similar results regarding 1–2 MWel plant size close to the observed situation. The model also suggests a large number of new facilities
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::54aa26bdf5d2e92297f837d9350388d3Test
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/13/3738Test -
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المؤلفون: Ehsan Shafiei, Akihiro Watabe, Hiroyuki Ishida, Jonathan Leaver
المصدر: Energy Policy. 130:227-242
مصطلحات موضوعية: Carbon tax, Natural resource economics, business.industry, 020209 energy, Natural gas vehicle, Partial equilibrium, Fossil fuel, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Hydrogen vehicle, Renewable energy, General Energy, Greenhouse gas, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Energy supply, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
الوصف: This paper examines transitioning to low carbon vehicles such as battery electric vehicles (BEVs), hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs), and natural gas vehicles (NGVs) for curbing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Japan. Infrastructure development for fuel charging stations for BEVs, FCVs and NGVs and the carbon tax are evaluated as policy measures to promote these vehicle fleets as well as the reduction in the life cycle GHG emissions. Our analysis uses the newly developed Japanese multi-regional partial equilibrium system dynamics model UniSyD_JP. The energy supply sector consists of fossil fuels, nuclear energy, renewable energy and hydrogen and the nation's energy demand is projected by the expected population growth and the GDP outlook. The energy demand for the transport sector is endogenously determined by a consumer's vehicle choice characterized by the multinomial logit model. We examine five scenarios for different mixes of infrastructure development, carbon tax and projected oil price. The transition paths to a low carbon vehicle fleet are explored for the period of 2016–2060. We found that infrastructure development increases the penetration of FCVs and NGVs, but it will not reduce the life cycle GHG emissions. Significant emissions reduction requires both infrastructure development and high carbon taxes.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::1bab88f06a9619b2ef24591470ab2780Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.03.057Test -
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المؤلفون: Bob van der Zwaan, Santiago Arango-Aramburo, Germán D. Romero-Otalora, Mohamad Hejazi, Kathryn Daenzer, Andrés C. Álvarez-Espinosa, Tom Kober, Sean W. D. Turner, Juan Pablo Ríos-Ocampo
المساهمون: Sustainable Chemistry Energy (HIMS, FNWI)
المصدر: Energy Policy, 128, 179-188. Elsevier
Energy Policy, 128, 179-188مصطلحات موضوعية: Mains electricity, General equilibrium theory, Hydropower generation, Energy Efficiency, Natural resource economics, 020209 energy, Energy / Geological Survey Netherlands, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Energy-water nexus, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electricity supply, Hydropower, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Wind power, Water-energy nexus, business.industry, Partial equilibrium, Energy modeling, General Energy, Environmental science, business
الوصف: Climate change is likely to affect water availability and therefore hydropower generation in many regions of the world. In drying regions, hydropower generation may be impaired, creating a need for new power investments that would otherwise have been unnecessary. In this study we apply two partial equilibrium models (GCAM and TIAM-ECN) and two general equilibrium models (MEG4C and Phoenix) to identify possible pathways of power sector adaptation for Colombia under climate change. We adopt two GCM projections that deteriorate hydropower generation over the next three decades, and simulate each for two radiative forcing scenarios (RCP8.5 and RCP4.5). Relative to Colombia's projected power demand growth over the coming decades, losses in hydropower generation are marginal. Nonetheless, climate-driven losses in hydropower must be compensated by alternative technologies´expansion, which vary significantly across models. When climate policy is implemented (RCP4.5), three distinct expansion pathways emerge: increased solar and wind energy (TIAM-ECN); significant power demand reductions (Phoenix and MEG4C); and increased fossil resources with carbon dioxide capture and storage (GCAM). We show the need to explore the tradeoffs/synergies among alternative expansion pathways and their potential impacts on other sectors (e.g. water and land), and for effective policies to incentivize their adoption in Colombia.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::d6719d2e7405c24396692089ec95d1edTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.12.057Test -
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المؤلفون: Athanasios Dagoumas, Nikolaos E. Koltsaklis
المصدر: Applied Energy. 242:1573-1587
مصطلحات موضوعية: General equilibrium theory, business.industry, Computer science, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Partial equilibrium, Power capacity, 02 engineering and technology, Building and Construction, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Energy sector, Renewable energy, General Energy, 020401 chemical engineering, Risk analysis (engineering), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Sustainable planning, 0204 chemical engineering, business
الوصف: The Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) stands as one as one of the most discussed topics within the academia and decision makers in the energy sector, especially related to meeting deep emission reduction targets. Every country, aiming at decarbonizing its economy, focuses on the application of policies that could enhance the penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in its power capacity mix. GEP is a complex task, combining techno-economic, financial, spatial and environmental characteristics. Several models are developed to model GEP, applying different methodological approaches. The underlying theory is very important as it might inherit bias in the resulted outcomes. The debate on the appropriateness of each methodology is increased, especially as projected outlooks deviate from reality. The paper aims to provide a review of the models employed to integrate RES in the GEP. The paper classifies models in three generic categories: optimisation models, general/partial equilibrium models and alternative models, not adopting the optimum integration of RES in the GEP. It provides insights on the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of the theoretical approaches implemented, as well on their suitability for different aspects of the problem, contributing in the better understanding on the expected outcomes of each methodology.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::ee835efc56e82d93ada12f6caf51dd5fTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.194Test -
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المساهمون: IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN), Pôle ELSA, Environmental Life Cycle and Sustainability Assessment (ELSA), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Technische Universität Berlin (TU)
المصدر: Applied Energy
Applied Energy, Elsevier, 2019, 239, pp.316-330. ⟨10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.186⟩مصطلحات موضوعية: P06 - Sources d'énergie renouvelable, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, climate change mitigation, 11. Sustainability, Biogenic carbon, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Life-cycle assessment, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Renewable energy, séquestration du carbone, time-dynamic life cycle assessment, General Energy, réduction des émissions, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Time-dynamic LCA, Modèle mathématique, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, 020209 energy, Transport, Climate change, Context (language use), gestion des ressources naturelles, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 020401 chemical engineering, 0204 chemical engineering, Changement climatique, biogenic carbon from renewable resources, Impact assessment, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Environmental engineering, Building and Construction, 15. Life on land, Climate change mitigation, partial-equilibrium model, Carbon neutrality, transport sector, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Bioénergie, Environmental science, business
الوصف: International audience; Bioenergy systems are promoted in an effort to mitigate climate change, and policies are defined accordingly to be implemented in the coming decades. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is used to assess the environmental performance of bioenergy systems, yet subject to the limitations of static approaches. In classical LCA, no temporal differentiation is undertaken: all inventoried instant to long-term greenhouse gases emissions (GHG) are aggregated and characterised in the same way, over a fixed time horizon, by means of fixed characterisation factors. Positive and negative impact contributions of dynamic biogenic carbon (Cbio) sum up to zero, yielding the same result as carbon neutral estimates. Climate mitigation results are biased without the temporal consideration of these flows. The purpose of the study is to highlight the time-sensitive potential climatic consequences of policy-driven transport strategies for metropolitan France, in the specific context of the dynamic LCA framework and climate change mitigation. We therefore propose a dynamic approach coupling a partial-equilibrium model (PEM) with dynamic Cbio models. The PEM analyses in detail the techno-economic performance of the metropolitan French energy-transport sector. It explores prospective optimization options (supply-demand equilibrium) of emerging commodity and energy process pathways in response to a policy in question. The Cbio model generates dynamic inventories of the Cbio embedded in the primary renewable biomass outputs of the PEM. It captures the dynamic Cbio exchange flows between the atmosphere and the technosphere over time: negative emissions from fixation (sequestration) and positive emissions from release (e.g. combustion or decay). A dynamic impact method is applied to evaluate the mitigation effects of Cbio from forest wood residues by comparing the climate change impacts from complete carbon (fossil + biogenic) with carbon neutral inventories across scenarios. Two sets of results are computed concerning the overall transport (all emissions) and bioethanol (wood-to-fuel emissions) systems. The mitigation effect from long-term historic sequestration allocated to bioethanol (462%) is significantly larger than for transport (3%), expressed as the difference with carbon neutral estimates. The fossil-sourced emissions from bioethanol production represents only 5.4%. In contrast, a comparison with an alternative reference scenario involving wood decay demonstrated higher impacts (i.e. an increase of 316%) than carbon neutral estimates. The representation of the actual climatic consequences depends on the chosen fixed end-year of the dynamic impact assessment. Moreover, the mitigation effect is proven sensitive to the rotation length of forestry wood: the shorter the length the lower the mitigation from using renewable forest resources. Other energy-policy scenarios, Cbio modelling approaches and consequences of indirect effects should be further studied and contrasted.
وصف الملف: text
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::1f5b5bc05ab3299c7b6a14ccf7868cbcTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.186Test -
8
المؤلفون: Frederic H. Murphy, David Wogan, Axel Pierru
المصدر: Energy Policy. 127:452-463
مصطلحات موضوعية: Natural resource economics, business.industry, 020209 energy, Partial equilibrium, Subsidy, 02 engineering and technology, Interconnector, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, General Energy, Electricity generation, Regional integration, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electricity, Economic impact analysis, Mixed complementarity problem, business, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
الوصف: We investigate the economic impacts of policies for coordinating electricity production in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) through electricity trade. The GCC countries have installed a network of high-voltage transmission lines that links Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. The Interconnector has successfully provided reliability services but has not yet realized its full potential as a platform to fully integrate the individual electricity systems. We perform a static analysis of 2015 using a partial equilibrium model with detailed power generation and water production sectors for each country. We calculate economic losses and gains for each country and in aggregate before and after coordination through electricity trade. We first assess the potential gains from coordination subject to the existing national policies for fuel subsidies. We then consider coordination when fuel inputs are not subsidized. Finally, we devise a scenario that aims to retain the benefits of coordination without removing fuel subsidies. Our results indicate that subsidy removal is necessary for each country to gain from electricity trade. Removing fuel subsidies provides the bulk of economic gains: $42.6 billion. Utilizing the Interconnector further increases annual gains by $1.1 billion.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::e2892f8f9a5ee86eff254b9c421fcfd9Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.11.046Test -
9
المؤلفون: Mashekwa Maboshe, Grieve Chelwa, Akabondo Kabechani
المصدر: Energy Policy. 126:108-117
مصطلحات موضوعية: Extreme poverty, Labour economics, Poverty, business.industry, Electricity price, 020209 energy, media_common.quotation_subject, Partial equilibrium, Distribution (economics), Subsidy, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, General Energy, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, Electricity, business, Welfare, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
الوصف: This paper simulates the real household expenditure effects of large electricity price increases in Zambia. First, we find that electricity subsidies are highly regressive. The richest household quintile receives over 60% of the subsidies, while the poorest quintile receives less than 1%. Second, our partial equilibrium simulations of the welfare effects of a 75% electricity price increase show that the poorest households would experience a 3 times larger percentage loss in real expenditure compared to the wealthiest households. Naturally, these adverse effects lead to an increase in poverty. However, we find that transferring the fiscal savings realised from the complete elimination of electricity subsidies to the poor reduces extreme poverty significantly. This budget-neutral strategy is particularly attractive for Zambia, and other sub-Saharan economies currently battling the twin challenges of widening budget deficits and high extreme poverty.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::c21ef981fff07b71a3ded4218b798b02Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.10.041Test -
10
المؤلفون: Uwe A. Schneider, Konstantin M. Zech
المصدر: Journal of Cleaner Production. 213:99-103
مصطلحات موضوعية: Carbon leakage, Demand reduction, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Natural resource economics, business.industry, 020209 energy, Strategy and Management, Partial equilibrium, 05 social sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Agriculture, Greenhouse gas, 050501 criminology, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Economics, media_common.cataloged_instance, Production (economics), European union, Leakage (economics), business, 0505 law, General Environmental Science, media_common
الوصف: Greenhouse gas emission (GHGE) taxes on food products have recently been proposed as means to help reduce agricultural emissions. Numerous authors have calculated potential GHGE reductions in case such a tax was implemented in certain countries or regions. They did however assume a reduced production of GHGE-intense foods equal to the decline in demand induced by the tax. This omits however possible increases of net-exports that might offset such a demand reduction. Herein, the market dynamic behind this so-called “emission leakage” is explained and its effect quantified for a greenhouse gas tax in the European Union. We use the European Forest and Agricultural Sector Optimization Model for the quantitative analysis and simulate a greenhouse gas tax on all food products, based on their individual emission levels. The partial equilibrium model covers all world regions and hence the tax's effects on international trade of agricultural commodities can be examined. It was found that 43% of the greenhouse gas reduction indicted by a domestic consumption reduction is lost through emission leakage. This already includes the mitigating effects of a production shift from inefficient to efficient producers that is another consequence of increased exports from the European Union. A greenhouse gas emission tax on food products is hence much less efficient than previously proposed, if it is not introduced globally or trade is not restricted.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::156071c78950a35e6e2543a67a4de043Test
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.139Test
