المساهمون: Sarath, Gautam [US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Lincoln, NE (United States). Agricultural Research Service (ARS). Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research]

وصف الملف: Medium: ED; Size: 18 p.

الوصول الحر: http://www.osti.gov/scitech/servlets/purl/1165215Test

المؤلفون: Yan, Shicheng, Wu, You, Fan, Junliang, Zhang, Fucang, Guo, Jinjin, Zheng, Jing, Wu, Lifeng

مصطلحات موضوعية: Drip fertigation, Grain yield, Growing degree days, Logistic equation, Dry matter accumulation and translocation, WATER-USE EFFICIENCY, NITROGEN ACCUMULATION, BIOMASS ACCUMULATION, DURUM-WHEAT, GROWTH, REMOBILIZATION, PRODUCTIVITY, MANAGEMENT, ROTATION, QUALITY, Agriculture, Water Resources, Agronomy

الوصف: The excessive irrigation and fertilization are common in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in northwest China, which not only results in resources waste and environmental pollution, but also not necessarily guarantee high wheat yield due to the plant overgrowth. It is thus crucial to explore a suitable irrigation and fertilization strategy that benefits high-yield wheat cultivation by regulating post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and translocation. A consecutive four-season field experiment (2014-2018) was undertaken on drip-fertigated winter wheat with three irrigation levels based on the soil moisture content of moistening layers (Wl: normal irrigation, W2: mild deficit irrigation, W3: severe deficit irrigation) and three fertilization (N-P2O5-K2O) rates (F1: 175-117-150 kg ha(-1), F2: 125-84-108 kg ha(-1), F3: 75-50-65 kg ha(-1)). The results showed that the logistic growth equation could well describe the accumulation process of aboveground dry matter with R-2 ranging 0.989 - 0.999 (P < 0.01). Water stress advanced the thermal time required from sowing to the maximum aboveground dry matter rate, while the maximum aboveground dry matter rate and average accumulated rate of aboveground dry matter increased with the increase of irrigation and fertilization regimes. Dry matter translocation showed a negative relationship with fertilization rate. However, both the post-anthesis dry matter accumulation and its contribution to total dry matter at maturity (CDMA) increased with the increasing fertilization rate. With the increase of water and fertilizer supply, dry matter translocation efficiency decreased, but CDMA showed the opposite trend. The post-anthesis dry matter accumulation was positively related to winter wheat grain yield. When the grain yield reached above 7.5 Mg ha(-1) in northwest China, the post-anthesis accumulated dry matter should be more than 4.7 Mg ha(-1). It was concluded that the mild deficit irrigation along with N-P2O5-K2O fertilization of 125-84-108 kg ha(-1) enhanced the ...

العلاقة: AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT; http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/56778Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107782Test
http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/56778Test

المؤلفون: Ren, Jianhong, Yang, Xiaoxiao, Zhang, Ning, Feng, Lu, Ma, Chunying, Wang, Yuling, Yang, Zhenping, Zhao, Juan

مصطلحات موضوعية: Al stress, Melatonin, N assimilation, Oxidative stress, Transcriptome, Engineering, Environmental, Environmental Sciences, DROUGHT TOLERANCE, STRESS, MAIZE, TOXICITY, CADMIUM, PLANTS, ASSIMILATION, SEEDLINGS, PHOTOSYNTHESIS, REMOBILIZATION, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)

الوصف: Melatonin, a regulatory molecule, performs pleiotropic functions in plants, including aluminum (Al) stress mitigation. Here, we conducted transcriptomic and physiological analyses to identify metabolic processes associated with the alleviated Al-induced growth inhibition of the melatonin-treated (MT) maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Melatonin decreased Al concentration in maize roots and leaves under Al stress. Al stress reduced the total dry weight (DW) by 41.2% after 7 days of treatment. By contrast, the total DW was decreased by only 19.4% in MT plants. According to RNA-Seq, enzyme activity, and metabolite content data, MT plants exhibited a higher level of relatively stable carbon and nitrogen metabolism than non-treated (NT) plants. Under Al stress, MT plants showed higher photosynthetic rate and sucrose content by 29.9% and 20.5% than NT plants, respectively. Similarly, the nitrate reductase activity and protein content of MT plants were 34.0% and 15.0% higher than those of NT plants, respectively. Furthermore, exogenous supply of melatonin mitigated Al-induced oxidative stress. Overall, our results suggest that melatonin alleviates aluminum-induced growth inhibition through modulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and reestablishing redox homeostasis in maize. Graphical Abstarct

العلاقة: JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS; http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/28852Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127159Test
http://ir.ibcas.ac.cn/handle/2S10CLM1/28852Test

المؤلفون: Tan, Wei, Reddy, Steven M., Fougerouse, Denis, Wang, Christina Yan, Wei, Bo, Xian, Haiyang, Yang, Yiping, He, Hongping

مصطلحات موضوعية: Geochemistry & Geophysics, Mineralogy, Microstructure, Deformation, Episodic ore-forming fluids, Pyrite, Lode gold deposit, Bi-(Te)-rich melt, JIAODONG PENINSULA, OXIDATION-STATE, U-PB, EVOLUTION, MINERALIZATION, CONSTRAINTS, RECRYSTALLIZATION, REMOBILIZATION, REPLACEMENT

الوصف: Complex microstructures of pyrite induced by superimposed deformation and fluid infiltration in lode gold deposits can record time-integrated physicochemical changes of ore-forming fluids. This study used a combination of techniques (EBSD, mu-XRF, EMPA, APT, and TEM) to characterize and decode the microstructures of pyrite in an optically homogeneous polymetallic sulfide veinlet of the Wulong lode gold deposit. The EBSD data show that the sulfide veinlet is composed of microstructurally heterogeneous pyrite grains in three generations, i.e., Py-1, Py-2, and Py-3. The pyrite grains display diverse deformation-induced microstructures, i.e., kinked low-angle (0.5 to 5 degrees) boundaries within Py-1, curvilinear low-angle boundaries penetrating both Py-1 and Py-2, and foam-like textured Py-3. These microstructures may offer pathways to transport exotic fluids, leading to superimposed microstructures in early-formed pyrite. Integrated mu-XRF, EMPA, APT, and HRTEM data sets present grain- to nanometer-scale elemental distributions of Au, As, Bi, and Te, and reveal that the Bi-(Te)-rich mineral associations, rather than arsenian pyrite, are major gold carriers in the polymetallic sulfide veinlet. The superimposed microstructures in pyrite reveal that the major Au mineralization stage likely comprises two episodes of ore-forming fluids. The early-episode fluids had T-fO(2) condition overlapping the stable field of pyrrhotite, which dissolved Py-1 and developed Bi-(Te)-rich melts as major Au scavengers. The late-episode fluids crystallized arsenian Py-2 containing 20-60 ppm of invisible gold. This study highlights the effectiveness of multiple techniques to reveal complex microstructures of pyrite, which can serve as critical fingerprints to establish a temporal framework of fluid evolution and Au deposition in lode gold deposits.

العلاقة: MINERALIUM DEPOSITA; http://ir.gig.ac.cn/handle/344008/67532Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-022-01104-4Test
http://ir.gig.ac.cn/handle/344008/67532Test

المؤلفون: Yu, Yang, Huang, Xiao-Long, Miao, Xiu-Quan, He, Peng-Li

مصطلحات موضوعية: Geology, Intracontinental orogen, Magmatism, Lithosphere remobilization, Slab breakoff, Asthenosphere upwelling, South China, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, MAFIC MICROGRANULAR ENCLAVES, I-TYPE GRANITOIDS, A-TYPE GRANITES, ND-HF ISOTOPES, CATHAYSIA BLOCK, TECTONIC EVOLUTION, CONTINENTAL-CRUST, ZIRCON MEGACRYSTS, WORKING REFERENCE

الوصف: The early Paleozoic Wuyi-Yunkai Orogen (WYO) developed in the inner part of the South China Block (SCB) and underwent large scale felsic magmatism. Different tectonic models have been proposed to explain the evolution of the WYO, including intracontinental and collisional orogenesis. The debates focus on whether the asthenospheric materials were involved during evolution of the WYO. We conducted detailed petrographic and geochemical analyses on gabbros from the Qiaotou pluton and granodiorites and the hosted MMEs from the Xinsi pluton in the eastern WYO, and present the first evidence of asthenosphere upwelling that induced significant lithosphere remobilization in the SCB during early Paleozoic. Granodiorites from the Xinsi pluton (441 +/- 2 Ma) contain abundant amphibole and are metaluminous, which originated from the igneous basement in the Cathaysia Block. The hosted MMEs (440 +/- 2 Ma) have variable SiO2 and enriched Sr-Nd isotopic compositions with high zircon delta O-18 values, which were formed through hybridization of felsic melts and mafic magmas from the enriched lithosphere mantle. Gabbros from the Qiaotou pluton (448 +/- 8 Ma) have low K2O with insignificant Nb-Ta-Ti anomalies and show variable Sr-Nd-O isotopic compositions. They were derived from the depleted asthenosphere and underwent crustal assimilation. The asthenosphere upwelling may be induced by slab breakoff during the collision between the western Cathaysia Block and an unknown block near northern Gondwana. The continental collision possibly transferred compressional stress and caused crustal uplifting along the weak zone in the inner SCB. The asthenosphere upwelling provided tremendous heat for the lithosphere remobilization and voluminous magmatism in the WYO.

العلاقة: JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES; http://ir.gig.ac.cn/handle/344008/65126Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2021.105055Test
http://ir.gig.ac.cn/handle/344008/65126Test

المؤلفون: Martins, Maria, de Souza, Wagner, da Cunha, Bárbara, Basso, Marcos, de Oliveira, Nelson, Vinecky, Felipe, Martins, Polyana, de Oliveira, Patrícia, Arenque-Musa, Bruna, de Souza, Amanda, Buckeridge, Marcos, Kobayashi, Adilson, Quirino, Betania, Molinari, Hugo

مصطلحات موضوعية: Sugarcane, Nutrient remobilization, Natural leaf senescence, Cell wall, Lignocellulosic ethanol, Renewable energy, Biotechnology

الوصف: Background Second-generation ethanol (2G-bioethanol) uses lignocellulosic feedstocks for ethanol production. Sugarcane is one among the most suitable crops for biofuel production. Its juice is extracted for sugar production, while sugarcane bagasse, straw, and senescing leaves are considered industrial waste. Senescence is the age-dependent deterioration of plant cells, ultimately leading to cell death and completion of the plant life cycle. Because senescing leaves may also be used for biofuel production, understanding the process of natural senescence, including remobilization of nutrients and its effect on cell walls can provide useful information for 2G-bioethanol production from sugarcane leaves. Results The natural senescence process in leaves of the commercial sugarcane cultivar RB867515 was investigated. Senescence was characterized by strong reduction in photosynthetic pigments content, remobilization of the nutrients N, P, K, B, Cu, Fe, and Zn, and accumulation of Ca, S, Mg, B, Mn, and Al. No significant changes in the cell-wall composition occurred, and only small changes in the expression of cell wall-related genes were observed, suggesting that cell walls are preserved during senescence. Senescence-marker genes, such as SAG12 -like and XET -like genes, were also identified in sugarcane and found to be highly expressed. Conclusions Our study on nutrient remobilization under senescence in a vigorous sugarcane cultivar can contribute to the understanding on how nutrient balance in a high-yielding crop is achieved. In general, neutral monosaccharide profile did not change significantly with leaf senescence, suggesting that senescing leaves of sugarcane can be as a feedstock for biofuel production using pretreatments established for non-senescing leaves without additional efforts. Based on our findings, the potential biotechnological applications for the improvement of sugarcane cultivars are discussed.

العلاقة: http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/9/1/153Test

الإتاحة: http://www.biotechnologyforbiofuels.com/content/9/1/153Test

المؤلفون: Wang, Li, Lu, Piaopiao, Ren, Tao, Liu, Tao, Geilfus, Christoph-Martin, Lu, Jianwei

مصطلحات موضوعية: Brassica napus L, Nitrogen efficiency, Nitrogen uptake, Nitrogen utilization, Nitrogen remobilization, Hybrid, Genotypic variation, Heterosis, Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering, Agronomy, BRASSICA-NAPUS L, GROWTH-CYCLE, SEED YIELD, REMOBILIZATION, PLANT, STORAGE, TRAITS, FERTILIZATION, SENESCENCE, REGRESSION

الوصف: Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is distinguished by poor nitrogen (N) efficiency but heavy N balance surplus. Cultivation of oilseed rape hybrids has been suggested as an important strategy to enhance the N efficiency and to reduce the large N balance surpluses in this crop, but the underlying physiological mechanism remains not well understood. In this study, seed yield and N efficiency parameters of an oilseed rape hybrid and its parental lines were investigated under contrasting N fertilization levels over three site-years. Seed yield-N uptake relationships were analyzed by quantile regression fitting a logarithmic model to both the 99th yield quantile and the whole data set. The maximum achievable yield (Yield(MAX)) of the hybrid was greater than the parental lines at a wide range of N uptake levels; in addition, the gap in yield between Yield(MAX) and actual yields for the hybrid was smaller than for its parents, indicating higher yield stability against environmental stresses. At both low (0 kg N ha(-1)) and high N (180 kg N ha(-1)) supply, the hybrid accumulated more N, which contributed to the yield heterosis. The higher seed yield of the hybrid was also related to the higher N utilization efficiency at the high N rate, which was attributed primarily to the improved N harvest index (NHI), but there was no genotypic difference in seed N concentration. Further analysis of seed N origins highlighted the importance of leaf and stem N remobilization other than post-flowering N uptake for genotypic variation in NHI at high N supply. These results suggest heterosis in seed yield and stability as a consequence of higher maximum yield attainable at a wide range of N uptake levels and smaller yield gaps. A higher capacity of N uptake contributed to the yield heterosis regardless of N levels. Additionally, efficient leaf and stem N remobilization also contributed the yield heterosis at high N supply.

العلاقة: INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS; http://ir.ihb.ac.cn/handle/342005/38838Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112777Test
http://ir.ihb.ac.cn/handle/342005/38838Test

المؤلفون: Hari Sankar Nayak, C.M. Parihar, B.N. Mandal, K. Patraa, S.L. Jat, Raj Singh, V. K. Singh, M.L. Jat, S. Garnaik, J. Nayak, Ahmed M. Abdallah

مصطلحات موضوعية: Non-linear growth model, Nitrogen remobilization, Right placement, Precision nitrogen management

الوصف: Not Available ; The rising economic and environmental costs of mineral fertilizers associated with lower nutrient use efficiency, and the need to respond the limitations of N fertilization under residue retained condition of conservation agriculture (CA) motivate the research for alternative N placement methods. The third principle of CA, i.e., residue retention on the soil surface hinders the right placement of split applied nitrogen (N). To address this issue, we assessed the impact of three N placement methods, i.e., NPM1: both the N splits were surface band placed, NPM2: the first split of N was sub-surface point placed and second N split (late vegetative stage) was surface band applied, and NPM3: both the N splits were sub-surface point placed, under 4-long-term tillage and residue management ( + R) options, i.e., permanent raised bed (PB + R), zero-till flat (ZT + R) conventional till flat (CT + R) and first time zero till flat sowing of the crop on last 10-year fallow land (FZT + R), in an on-going longterm study (since 2008) in maize for three consecutive years (2018–2020). Results showed that sub-surface point placement of both the N splits (NPM3) increased maize grain yield by 4.7, 7.0 and 6.0% (3-years mean basis) compared to NPM2, under CA-based PB, ZT, and FZT plots, respectively. The peak growth rate in the CA-based PB + R plot was advanced by 4-days with a 9.2% higher growth rate compared to CT + R. Similarly, the peak growth rate in NPM3 was 20% higher than NPM1 plots. The changes in soil properties under CA altered the crop growth behavior, while sub-surface point placement of split applied nitrogen (N) increased the grain N content and altered the peak growth rate of maize. The variability in maize grain yield was best described by cob length and number of cobs in long-term tillage and by cob length in N management plots. The cob length and grains per cob were increased by 4.8–8.7 and 8.6–12.8% under CA-based plots compared to CT + R, respectively. The amount of vegetative stage accumulated N ...

العلاقة: Not Available; • Nayak, H S, Parihar, C M, Mandal, B N, Patra, K, Jat, S L, Singh, R, Singh, V K, Jat, M L, Garnaik, S., Nayak, J and Abdallah, A M (2022). Point placement of late vegetative stage nitrogen splits increase the productivity, N-use efficiency and profitability of tropical maize under decade long conservation agriculture. European Journal of Agronomy, 133, 126417, 1-12.; http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/71906Test

الإتاحة: http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/71906Test

المؤلفون: Chirravuri Naga Neeraja, Kalyani M. Barbadikar, Satendra Kumar Mangrauthia, Puskur Raghuveer Rao, Desiraju Subrahmanayam, Raman Meenakshi Sundaram

مصطلحات موضوعية: Rice Nitrogen use efficiency Metabolism Uptake Remobilization Regulation Genes

الوصف: Not Available ; Nitrogen is one of the most critical nutrients in rice production and increased rice productivity is attributed mostly to the nitrogen fertilizer responsive rice varieties. With its relevance to environment, breeding for nitrogen use efficiency is now a research priority in rice. Based on the physiological, biochemical and genetic studies, several genes have been identified for nitrogen uptake, transport, remobilization and assimilation. Many of the genes and gene families associated with tissues like root, shoot, leaf and panicle have been characterized under differential nitrogen conditions. Functional validation of the identified genes in nitrogen use efficiency, yield and other agro-morphological traits demonstrated their potential for deployment in rice breeding programs. In the present review, the information on possible genes associated with nitrogen use efficiency has been presented. The epigenetic regulation of genes including the non-coding RNA and new breeding technologies like genome editing have also been discussed for identification and validation of genes for NUE. We propose a combinatorial approach of deploying the information available for genes reported to be associated with NUE of rice by haplotyping, allele mining, spatial and temporal expression analyses, gene networking and validation through genome editing towards development of high yielding rice varieties under optimum nitrogen. ; Not Available

العلاقة: Not Available; 49. Neeraja, C.N., Barbadikar, K.M., Mangrauthia, S.K., Rao, P.R., Subrahmanayam, D. and Sundaram, R.M., 2021. Genes for NUE in rice: a way forward for molecular breeding and genome editing. Plant Physiology Reports, 26(4), pp.587-599.; http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/71291Test

الإتاحة: http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/71291Test

المؤلفون: Broberg, Malin C., Xu, Yansen, Feng, Zhaozhong, Pleijel, Hakan

مصطلحات موضوعية: Element, Harvest index, Nutrients, Ozone, Remobilization, Triticum aestivum, Agronomy

الوصف: Wheat efficiently remobilize and allocate a large fraction of aboveground biomass and nutrients into their grains during maturation. This senescence process has been streamlined through crop breeding, which lead to increasing harvest index (HI) for biomass. With field data from two ozone exposure experiments, we derived HI for 13 elements, both nutrients and non-essential, to determine how efficiently they are allocated into the wheat grain in two different agro-ecological environments (Sweden and China) and under different ozone exposure regimes. Element HI ranged from 10 to 90 %, with highest rates for P, N and Zn (90 %, 80 % and 70 %, respectively), while HI was low for the non-mobile elements Ba, Sr and Ca (<10 %). HI for biomass was about 50 %, and the non-essential and toxic element Cd was in the same range (similar to 40 %). Overall element HI was very similar in Chinese and Swedish wheat cultivars. This was also the case when comparing the two Chinese genotypes. We conclude that element HI for wheat crops are highly element specific and not strongly dependent on site or cultivar. Ozone exposure significantly reduced HI for both macmnutrients (Ca, K, Mg, N, P) and micronutrients (Cu, Mn, Mo, Zn), but also for Cd, while there was no ozone effect on the total aboveground pool for any element except P and Ba. Consequently, the reduction in grain element yield induced by elevated ozone, observed in previous studies, can be explained by lower remobilization rates rather than reduced total uptake. Our results provide new insights of nutrient use efficiency in wheat crops in general and under ozone exposure, which can be implemented in crop modelling and also useful for breeding strategies aiming to improve the nutritional value of food crops.

العلاقة: FIELD CROPS RESEARCH; http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/45478Test

الإتاحة: http://ir.rcees.ac.cn/handle/311016/45478Test