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1صورة
المؤلفون: Sandunima Kaluarachchi, Ruwan Jayathilaka
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ecology, Sociology, Cancer, Science Policy, university grants commissions, labour market pressure, granger causality test, country 8217, applied research methodology, sri lankan government, sri lankan context, var model highlighted, utilising annual data, primary factors influencing, sri lanka bureau, positively affect migration, study 8217, migration p, gdppci ), unemployment, sri lanka, var ), statistical data, socioeconomic factors, migration decisions,
%22">xlink ">, whereas unemployment, ugc ), study utilised, slbfe ) الوصف: The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of GDP per capita income (GDPPCI), unemployment, higher education (HE), and economic growth (EG) on migration in Sri Lanka. Numerous global and local studies have explored the influence of macroeconomic and socioeconomic factors on migration. In the Sri Lankan context, fewer studies have probed the impact of GDPPCI, unemployment, HE, and EG on migration, particularly concerning brain drain and domestic labour market pressure. An applied research methodology was adopted, utilising annual data from 1986 to 2022. The statistical data were sourced from reports by the Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment (SLBFE), the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL), Labor Force Survey Data from the Department of Census and Statistics (LFSDCS), and University Grants Commissions (UGC). This study utilised the Vector Error Correlation model (VECM), Vector Auto-regression (VAR), and Granger Causality test through STATA. The empirical findings of the VAR model highlighted that GDPPCI and EG negatively impact migration, whereas unemployment and HE positively affect migration. The study’s implications demonstrated that GDPPCI, unemployment, HE, and EG were the primary factors influencing the country’s migration decisions. These findings will hopefully inform and guide the Sri Lankan government and policymakers for more effective decision-making.
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2صورة
المؤلفون: Sandunima Kaluarachchi, Ruwan Jayathilaka
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ecology, Sociology, Cancer, Science Policy, university grants commissions, labour market pressure, granger causality test, country 8217, applied research methodology, sri lankan government, sri lankan context, var model highlighted, utilising annual data, primary factors influencing, sri lanka bureau, positively affect migration, study 8217, migration p, gdppci ), unemployment, sri lanka, var ), statistical data, socioeconomic factors, migration decisions,
%22">xlink ">, whereas unemployment, ugc ), study utilised, slbfe ) الوصف: The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of GDP per capita income (GDPPCI), unemployment, higher education (HE), and economic growth (EG) on migration in Sri Lanka. Numerous global and local studies have explored the influence of macroeconomic and socioeconomic factors on migration. In the Sri Lankan context, fewer studies have probed the impact of GDPPCI, unemployment, HE, and EG on migration, particularly concerning brain drain and domestic labour market pressure. An applied research methodology was adopted, utilising annual data from 1986 to 2022. The statistical data were sourced from reports by the Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment (SLBFE), the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL), Labor Force Survey Data from the Department of Census and Statistics (LFSDCS), and University Grants Commissions (UGC). This study utilised the Vector Error Correlation model (VECM), Vector Auto-regression (VAR), and Granger Causality test through STATA. The empirical findings of the VAR model highlighted that GDPPCI and EG negatively impact migration, whereas unemployment and HE positively affect migration. The study’s implications demonstrated that GDPPCI, unemployment, HE, and EG were the primary factors influencing the country’s migration decisions. These findings will hopefully inform and guide the Sri Lankan government and policymakers for more effective decision-making.
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3صورة
المؤلفون: Sandunima Kaluarachchi, Ruwan Jayathilaka
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ecology, Sociology, Cancer, Science Policy, university grants commissions, labour market pressure, granger causality test, country 8217, applied research methodology, sri lankan government, sri lankan context, var model highlighted, utilising annual data, primary factors influencing, sri lanka bureau, positively affect migration, study 8217, migration p, gdppci ), unemployment, sri lanka, var ), statistical data, socioeconomic factors, migration decisions,
%22">xlink ">, whereas unemployment, ugc ), study utilised, slbfe ) الوصف: The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of GDP per capita income (GDPPCI), unemployment, higher education (HE), and economic growth (EG) on migration in Sri Lanka. Numerous global and local studies have explored the influence of macroeconomic and socioeconomic factors on migration. In the Sri Lankan context, fewer studies have probed the impact of GDPPCI, unemployment, HE, and EG on migration, particularly concerning brain drain and domestic labour market pressure. An applied research methodology was adopted, utilising annual data from 1986 to 2022. The statistical data were sourced from reports by the Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment (SLBFE), the Central Bank of Sri Lanka (CBSL), Labor Force Survey Data from the Department of Census and Statistics (LFSDCS), and University Grants Commissions (UGC). This study utilised the Vector Error Correlation model (VECM), Vector Auto-regression (VAR), and Granger Causality test through STATA. The empirical findings of the VAR model highlighted that GDPPCI and EG negatively impact migration, whereas unemployment and HE positively affect migration. The study’s implications demonstrated that GDPPCI, unemployment, HE, and EG were the primary factors influencing the country’s migration decisions. These findings will hopefully inform and guide the Sri Lankan government and policymakers for more effective decision-making.
العلاقة: https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Non-stationarity_and_stationarity_time_series_/25385238Test
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4صورة
المؤلفون: Abdurhman Kedir Ali, Dagmawe Menelek Asfaw
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ecology, Sociology, Science Policy, Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified, vector error correction, social safety nets, johansen 8217, implementing progressive taxation, implement various strategies, estimation diagnosis tests, coordinating effective monetary, including redistribution policies, ethiopia p,
%22">xlink ">, unidirectional causality, study covers, study aims, significant association, short run, results indicate, income inequality, includes pre, granger causality, fiscal policies, economic growth, bidirectional causality الوصف: Conceptual framework adapted from different literature, 2023.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294454.g001Test
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Conceptual_framework_adapted_from_different_literature_2023_/24577053Test -
5صورة
المؤلفون: Thami Innocent Lekhuleni, Godfrey Ndlovu
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biotechnology, Ecology, Sociology, Science Policy, Infectious Diseases, producer price index, gross domestic product, macroeconomic fundamental variables, key macroeconomic fundamentals, run causal relationship, macroeconomic factors,
%22">xlink ">, unemployment rate, term disequilibrium, study uses, study examines, significant association, share prices, reverse causality, results suggest, period 2000q1, housing prices, household debt, house prices, greatest impact, exchange rate, dynamic effect, disposable income الوصف: Long-run equilibrium deviation of house prices Time.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290552.g001Test
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Long-run_equilibrium_deviation_of_house_prices_Time_/24661453Test -
6صورة
المؤلفون: Thami Innocent Lekhuleni, Godfrey Ndlovu
مصطلحات موضوعية: Biotechnology, Ecology, Sociology, Science Policy, Infectious Diseases, producer price index, gross domestic product, macroeconomic fundamental variables, key macroeconomic fundamentals, run causal relationship, macroeconomic factors,
%22">xlink ">, unemployment rate, term disequilibrium, study uses, study examines, significant association, share prices, reverse causality, results suggest, period 2000q1, housing prices, household debt, house prices, greatest impact, exchange rate, dynamic effect, disposable income الوصف: Abbreviations: RHP: Real House Prices, GDP: Gross Domestic Product, M_RATE: Mortgage rate ER: Exchange rate, AFF: Affordability, HDDI: Household debt and disposable, UN_RATE: Unemployment rate, Source: Auth’rs’ own calculation.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0290552.g002Test
https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Real_house_price_impulse_response_/24661456Test -
7صورة
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, Sociology, Science Policy, Infectious Diseases, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, various robustness checks, paper investigates whether, exogenous variation induced, compulsory schooling law, cgss 2010 ), education affect pro, china ? p, higher levels, green returns, find evidence, establish causality, environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes, educational attainment, analysis reveals
الوصف: Note: This figure illustrates the relationships between education and pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors across year of birth. The solid line represents the average years of schooling and the dashed lines represent the average pro-environmental attitudes (2a) and behaviors (2b) respectively. Data source is CGSS 2010.
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8صورة
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, Sociology, Science Policy, Infectious Diseases, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, various robustness checks, paper investigates whether, exogenous variation induced, compulsory schooling law, cgss 2010 ), education affect pro, china ? p, higher levels, green returns, find evidence, establish causality, environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes, educational attainment, analysis reveals
الوصف: Note: This figure illustrates the relationships between education and pro-environmental behaviors across year of birth. The solid line represents the average years of schooling and the dashed lines represent the average pro-environmental behaviors. Data source is CGSS 2010.
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9صورة
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, Sociology, Science Policy, Infectious Diseases, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, various robustness checks, paper investigates whether, exogenous variation induced, compulsory schooling law, cgss 2010 ), education affect pro, china ? p, higher levels, green returns, find evidence, establish causality, environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes, educational attainment, analysis reveals
الوصف: Note: This figure illustrates the school enrollment rate in China over the period between 1981 and 2006. The solid line represents the primary school enrollment rate and the dashed line represents the junior high school enrollment rate. Data source is National Bureau of Statistics of China.
العلاقة: https://figshare.com/articles/figure/School_enrollment_rate_in_China_1981_2006_/19118160Test
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10صورة
مصطلحات موضوعية: Medicine, Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, Sociology, Science Policy, Infectious Diseases, Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified, various robustness checks, paper investigates whether, exogenous variation induced, compulsory schooling law, cgss 2010 ), education affect pro, china ? p, higher levels, green returns, find evidence, establish causality, environmental knowledge, environmental attitudes, educational attainment, analysis reveals
الوصف: Note: This figure illustrates the construction of instrumental variable. The X-axis is the individual age at the implementation of the CSL and the Y-axis is the individual exposure to CSL, which equals to one if the individual is fully affected by CSL (i.e. aged 6 or below) and equals to zero if the individual is unaffected by CSL (i.e. age 16 or above). A linear function is assumed for the ages in between.