المؤلفون: Tian, Huaiyu¹, Sun, Zhe², Faria, Nuno Rodrigues³, Yang, Jing¹, Cazelles, Bernard^4,5, Huang, Shanqian^1,3, Xu, Bo², Yang, Qiqi¹, Pybus, Oliver G.³ oliver.pybus@zoo.ox.ac.uk, Xu, Bing^1,2 bingxu@tsinghua.edu.cn

المصدر: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8/3/2017, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p1-15. 15p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *AIR travel, *TRAVEL agents, *AIR travelers, *VOYAGES & travels, *VACATIONS

مستخلص: The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically in recent decades worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia and the Americas with substantial transmission in 2014–2015. Yet the mechanisms underlying the spatio-temporal circulation of dengue virus (DENV) serotypes at large geographical scales remain elusive. Here we investigate the co-circulation in Asia of DENV serotypes 1–3 from 1956 to 2015, using a statistical framework that jointly estimates migration history and quantifies potential predictors of viral spatial diffusion, including socio-economic, air transportation and maritime mobility data. We find that the spread of DENV-1, -2 and -3 lineages in Asia is significantly associated with air traffic. Our analyses suggest the network centrality of air traffic hubs such as Thailand and India contribute to seeding dengue epidemics, whilst China, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Singapore may establish viral diffusion links with multiple countries in Asia. Phylogeographic reconstructions help to explain how growing air transportation networks could influence the dynamics of DENV circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Oyewole, Philemon¹ Poyewole@howard.edu, Sankaran, Muthulakshmi², Choudhury, Pravat³

المصدر: Journal of International Consumer Marketing. 2007, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p19-31. 13p. 3 Charts.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *AIR travel, *CONSUMER preferences, *AIRLINE industry, *TRANSPORTATION industry, AIR travelers

مصطلحات جغرافية: MALAYSIA

مستخلص: Competition, coupled with air travelers' worries following the 9/11 incident has made winning customers to one's side tougher in the airline industry. It thus becomes important to know what factors determine the choice of airlines by air passengers. This paper examines these factors in the context of a developing country, Malaysia. Perspectives of airlines, travel agents, and consumers were sought through a questionnaire survey. Results show that safety record of the airlines is an overriding factor mentioned by the airlines surveyed. Consumers and agents, however, rated this factor of third/fourth importance, putting it behind discounted fares, and large number of cities served by an airline. All the three groups of market participants tend to be in harmony in rating ICT (Information Communications Technology) as the least important choice factor. Finally, consumers also mentioned other factors never alluded to by either the airlines or the travel agents. Managerial implications of these findings for airlines operating in Malaysia and similar developing countries are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of International Consumer Marketing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Bricker, Jonathan B.¹ jbricker@u.washington.edu

المصدر: Journal of Counseling Psychology. Oct2005, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p615-628. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *AIR travel, *TRAVEL agents, *COMMERCIAL aeronautics passenger traffic, *AIRPORTS, FACTOR analysis, AIR travelers, PSYCHOLOGY

مستخلص: Despite anecdotal evidence suggesting that air travel is personally demanding, little research has examined air travel stress. To address these issues, the author developed and evaluated the 1st known measure of air travel stress—the Air Travel Stress Scale—in 3 studies. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated 3 components: (a) anxious reactions to adverse air travel events, (b) angry reactions to other passengers as well as an antecedent of air travel stress, and (c) the lack of trust that the airlines/airports will ensure one's comfort and safety. Each component had good internal reliability and test-retest reliability over a 6- to 7-week interval. Each component showed evidence for discriminant and convergent validity. Implications for research into understanding and intervening on air travel stress are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Counseling Psychology is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Granados, Nelson¹ nelson.granados@pepperdine.edu, Gupta, Alok² alok@umn.edu, Kauffman, Robert J.³ rkauffman@asu.edu

المصدر: Information Systems Research. Mar2012, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p164-181. 18p. 7 Charts, 3 Graphs.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *AIR travel, *ACCESS to information, *ECONOMIC demand, *ELASTICITY (Economics), *PRICES, *INTERNET, *TRAVEL agents, COMPUTER network resources

مستخلص: The Internet has brought consumers increased access to information to make purchase decisions. One of the expected consequences is an increase in the price elasticity of demand, or the percent change in demand caused by a percent change in price, because consumers are better able to compare offerings from multiple suppliers. In this paper, we analyze the impact of the Internet on demand, by comparing the demand functions in the Internet and traditional air travel channels. We use a data set that contains information for millions of records of airline ticket sales in both online and offline channels. The results suggest that consumer demand in the Internet channel is more price elastic for both transparent and opaque online travel agencies (OTAs), in part, because of more leisure travelers self-selecting the online channel, relative to business travelers. Yet, after controlling for this channel self-selection effect, we still find differences in price elasticity across channels. We find that the opaque OTAs are more price elastic than the transparent OTAs, which suggests that product information can mitigate the price pressures that arise from Internet-enabled price comparisons. We discuss the broader implications for multichannel pricing strategy and for the transparency-based design of online selling mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Information Systems Research is the property of INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Dudás, Gábor, Boros, Lajos, Vida, György

المصدر: Tourism (13327461); 2017, Vol. 65 Issue 2, p187-203, 17p

مصطلحات موضوعية: TRAVEL agents, TRAVEL websites, TOURISM websites, TRAVEL costs, DIGITAL resources for air travel

مستخلص: Recent trends in transport and communication infrastructures have had a profound impact on the tourism industry. Despite the growing number and importance of online travel agencies and travel metasearch sites tourism literature addressing this issue is very scarce. This paper aims to examine the temporal changes of return airfares on online travel agency (OTA) and travel metasearch websites from Budapest to three short-haul destinations for fixed departure dates in high and shoulder season. The study was based on quantitative research methods using automated internet data collection and statistical analysis (ANOVA tests). During the study, we created a database containing more than 31 thousand ticket prices over a 182-day period for the three selected destinations. Empirical findings showed that no single website offered lowest airfares consistently and metasearch sites outperformed OTAs in almost any cases by offering lower airfares. Results also indicated the best time to book flights on the selected sites, airfares for shoulder season were significantly cheaper than for high season and ticket prices tend to be more expensive on Mondays and Sundays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Tourism (13327461) is the property of Institut za Turizam and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Vogt, Christine, Andereck, Kathleen

المصدر: Journal of Park & Recreation Administration; Winter2018, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p212-214, 3p

مصطلحات موضوعية: SUSTAINABLE tourism, INNOVATIONS in business, AIR travel, AIRLINE reservation systems, AIRLINE rates, TRAVEL agents

المؤلفون: Nwagwu, Williams, Kolapo, Deji

المصدر: Journal of Travel & Tourism Research; Fall2012, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p86-113, 28p

مصطلحات موضوعية: INFORMATION needs, AIR travelers, DEMOGRAPHIC characteristics, AIRLINE rates, TRAVEL agents, INTERNATIONAL air travel, AIRLINE industry customer services

مصطلحات جغرافية: NIGERIA

مستخلص: This study examined the information needs, sources and search strategies of international travellers in Nigeria within the backdrop of unfavourable events in the aviation sector in the past ten years. Accidental sampling technique was used to select 203 willing respondents from an undefined number of travellers found at the departure wings of the fourteen international airlines operating at Nigeria's busiest international airport - the Murtala Muhammad International Airport Lagos, Nigeria during June to September 2010. Data collection was guided by a questionnaire covering demographic characteristics, information needs and information sources of the passengers as well as travel variables. Chi Square analysis was used to reveal statistically significant relationships in the proportions for different groups. The travelers were a little above middle age on the average; mainly women, about one of three being self-employed, about three of ten Christians and a little more than half were married, and nine of every ten reported residing in Nigeria. Travellers required information about fare more than they did about safety. Travel agents were the major sources of information to travellers; less number of travellers used the Internet, and lesser were solely reliant on the strategy. There is a significant difference in all the groups examined. Travellers from Nigeria seemed not to show any apprehension about safety; they prefer sourcing information from travel agencies probably because it takes away from them the troubles of logistic arrangements. This research is useful to travel agencies and airline operators in modelling their marketing management decisions and designing effective marketing communication campaigns and service delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Travel & Tourism Research is the property of Journal of Travel & Tourism Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Koo, Bonwoo, Mantin, Benny, O'Connor, Peter

المصدر: Tourism Management; Feb2011, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p69-74, 6p

مصطلحات موضوعية: DISTRIBUTION (Economic theory), AIRLINE tickets, MULTI-channel integration, ECONOMIC competition, MARKETS, TRAVEL agents, AIR travel, LOYALTY

مستخلص: Abstract: In today''s digital world, airlines typically distribute tickets both via their own websites and through online travel agency (OTA) platforms such as Expedia and Travelocity. Although associated with higher distribution costs, selling tickets through the platforms offers airlines exposure to a broader consumer base, and potentially higher sales than selling tickets solely through their own websites. While most airlines have adopted a multi-channel approach by selling tickets through OTA platforms and their websites, some (e.g., Southwest Airlines, easyJet and Ryanair) sell only via the latter. Is one approach better than the other, and if so, under what circumstances? This study analyzes factors that affect an airline''s distribution strategy by developing a decision support model. We find that airlines are less likely to use OTA platforms if they have a large loyal consumer base or if the OTA platform is highly competitive. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

: Copyright of Tourism Management is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: ZU-HSU LEE, KUANGNEN CHENG

المصدر: Tourism Review International; 2009, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p183-200, 18p, 7 Charts, 1 Graph

مصطلحات موضوعية: AIR travel, RESERVATION systems, CUSTOMER services, TRAVEL agents, ELECTRONIC commerce

مستخلص: Airlines increasingly use their own websites to sell products directly to customers. Because Internet-based distribution is low cost, this means lower prices for the consumer. To compete with such sales channels, global distribution systems (GDS) firms have made ready-made online booking tools available for conventional walk-in travel agencies. This presents such agencies with a choice--to use online or more traditional offline methods in dealing with their customers. This study has two goals: to identify a small set of predictive factors that effectively forecast customer preferences, and to demonstrate the utility of such factors for predicting customer choices. We began by designing and executing a detailed questionnaire fielding some 300 respondents, then applied hypothesis testing to extract important factors from the data, and finally, used the logistic regression methods applied with these factors to efficiently predict customer choices. The findings indicate that the majority of customers believe that online booking is cheaper and faster than offline. However, booking choice is strongly influenced by whether cost or service is the paramount emphasis. If customers want lower prices, they will typically book online. If they want service--such as help making special travel arrangements--they will usually choose offline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Tourism Review International is the property of Cognizant, LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Wei, June, Ozok, Ant

المصدر: Industrial Management & Data Systems; 2005, Vol. 105 Issue 9, p1261-1277, 17p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MOBILE commerce, AIRLINE tickets, WEBSITES, TICKETS, ELECTRONIC commerce, INTERNET marketing, TRAVEL agents, AIR travel, ELECTRONIC funds transfers

مستخلص: Purpose - Development of mobile commerce (m-commerce) environments that have user-friendly features is important to accelerate the adoption of m-commerce. The current research studies web-based features that are crucial to the success of mobile air ticketing commerce. Design/methodology/approach - There are two phases involved. In the first phase, the current research develops a web-based mobile airline ticketing (W-MAT) model to study usability features necessary to perform mobile air ticketing commerce. Thirty-six features are mapped and identified based on the W-MAT model. In the second phase, the air ticketing web sites for 27 most popular airline companies and online air travel agencies are examined to analyze their existing implementation patterns on these 36 features. The pattern analysis is based on web site features analysis and web site versatility analysis. Findings - The analysis of web site features resulted in the development of an adoption feature pyramid that classified the 36 features into three categories. The analysis of web site versatility was based on multivariate cluster analysis that classified these 27 web sites into four groups. Practical implications - The findings on web site features and web site versatility analyses in the current research are beneficial to future m-commerce airline companies and air travel agencies, mobile device developers, and air ticketing m-commerce interface designers. Originality/value - The study concludes that the W-MAT model-based air ticketing features with usability emphasis are crucial to develop efficient mobile air ticketing web sites; and thereby, accelerating the adoption of m-commerce for the air travel industry in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Industrial Management & Data Systems is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)